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Population longevity is a global phenomenon influenced by various factors including social, economic transitions, and medical advancements. The study focused on the population over 95 years old, adopting an approach that integrates data from the 2018 Census and geospatial analysis techniques. An ecological study was conducted using anonymized microdata from the 2018 National Population and Housing Census (CNPV). Geographic analysis, choropleth maps, and Kernel density estimation were employed to identify clusters of individuals aged over 95 years. The study identified 43,427 individuals aged 95 years or older in Colombia, with concentrations observed in departments such as Antioquia and Bogotá. Analysis by department and municipality revealed variations in rates and sex distribution. Kernel density analysis highlighted clusters in the Valle de Tenza area and other regions. This study sheds light on the geographical distribution of centenarians in Colombia, emphasizing clusters in certain regions. More research is needed to understand the individual and contextual factors underlying successful aging in Colombia and to inform policies to improve the quality of life of older populations.

The objective of this study was to validate the main therapies used in the treatment of heart failure through a clinical consensus conducted by cardiology experts in Colombia. The Delphi technique was employed, which involves a series of consultation rounds with experts to reach a consensus. Cardiologists with experience in HF treatment were selected, and they were sent electronic questionnaires to assess the relevance of various therapeutic interventions. Consensus was defined when at least 70% of the experts agreed on the relevance of an intervention. Fourteen cardiology experts participated in the study. In the first round, nine therapeutic interventions were evaluated, but insufficient agreement was reached to form a consensus. A second round was conducted, where feedback was provided to the experts, and they were asked to rate the relevance of the interventions using a Likert scale. Consensus was achieved for eight of the evaluated therapeutic interventions. The focus of the third round was on the interventions that had not reached consensus in the previous rounds. This study provides clinical consensus on therapeutic interventions for HF in Colombia. Nine therapeutic interventions were identified as relevant by the experts. These findings can help improve HF treatment and optimize clinical outcomes in Colombia. It is important to note that this study was conducted with local experts, and the results may not be generalizable to other populations.

Objetivo La interacción entre el medio ambiente y la salud humana es una preocupación mundial creciente, particularmente en centros urbanos densamente poblados como Bogotá. Este artículo profundiza en la carga mundial de enfermedades, centrándose en cómo los factores ambientales dan forma al panorama sanitario de su población. Se hace hincapié en la comprensión y el tratamiento de los peligros para la salud relacionados con el paisaje urbano y el agotamiento de los recursos naturales dentro de la ciudad. Métodos Se empleó un enfoque ecológico cuantitativo, utilizando datos secundarios de fuentes como SALUDATA y el Archivo Nacional de Datos (ANDA) del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Se adoptó un enfoque etiológico de la transición epidemiológica y se emplearon los marcos teóricos establecidos por Murray y López para medir la carga. El análisis se realizó a nivel de las 20 localidades de la ciudad, considerando el número de personas atendidas en instituciones de salud por localidad. Resultados Se identificó que un total de 11,220,420 personas recibieron atención en el año 2022, mostrando una distribución desigual entre localidades. Se incorporaron al estudio las enfermedades influenciadas por factores ambientales. Se calcularon métricas como los años de vida perdidos (AVP), los años de vida perdidos debido a una discapacidad (AVP) y los años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD). Los hallazgos subrayaron una carga sustancial que afirma la influencia del impacto ambiental. Conclusión El estudio subraya la necesidad imperiosa de abordar los factores ambientales para aliviar la carga y mejorar la calidad de vida de la población. Se hace hincapié en la urgencia de aplicar políticas y medidas eficaces para mitigar los efectos adversos sobre la salud pública. Estos conocimientos tienen implicaciones directas para la configuración de las políticas de salud pública y proporcionan una base sólida para futuras investigaciones sobre la interacción entre la carga y los determinantes ambientales dentro de la ciudad. Palabras clave: Carga de enfermedad; salud pública; Bogotá D.C.; impacto ambiental; epidemiología ambiental; patologías respiratorias y cardiovasculares (source: MeSH, NLM). Objective The interplay between the environment and human health is an escalating global concern, particularly in densely populated urban centers like Bogota. This article delves into the global burden of diseases, focusing on how environmental factors shape the health landscape of its populace. Emphasis is placed on comprehending and addressing health hazards linked with the urban landscape and depletion of natural resources within the city. Methods A quantitative ecological approach was employed, utilizing secondary data from sources such as SALUDATA and the National Data Archive (Archivo Nacional de Datos-ANDA) of the National Administrative Department of Statistics (Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística-DANE). An etiological approach to epidemiological transition was adopted, and theoretical frameworks established by Murray and López were employed to gauge the burden. Analysis was conducted at the level of the city's 20 localities, considering the number of individuals attended to in healthcare institutions per locality. Results A total of 11,220,420 individuals were identified as receiving care in the year 2022, exhibiting unequal distribution across localities. Diseases influenced by environmental factors were incorporated into the study. Metrics such as years of life lost (YLL), years of life lost due to disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were computed. Findings underscored a substantial burden affirming the influence of environmental impact. Conclusion The study underscores the imperative of addressing environmental factors to alleviate the burden and enhance the quality of life for the population. Urgency is stressed in implementing efficacious policies and measures to mitigate adverse effects on public health. These insights bear direct implications for shaping public health policies and provide a robust foundation for future investigations into the interplay between burden and environmental determinants within the city. Keywords: Burden of disease; public health; Bogotá D.C.; environmental impact; environmental epidemiology; respiratory and cardiovascular pathologies (source: MeSH, NLM).

The objective of this study was to validate the main therapies used in the treatment of heart failure through a clinical consensus conducted by cardiology experts in Colombia. The Delphi technique was employed, which involves a series of consultation rounds with experts to reach a consensus. Cardiologists with experience in HF treatment were selected, and they were sent electronic questionnaires to assess the relevance of various therapeutic interventions. Consensus was defined when at least 70% of the experts agreed on the relevance of an intervention. Fourteen cardiology experts participated in the study. In the first round, nine therapeutic interventions were evaluated, but insufficient agreement was reached to form a consensus. A second round was conducted, where feedback was provided to the experts, and they were asked to rate the relevance of the interventions using a Likert scale. Consensus was achieved for eight of the evaluated therapeutic interventions. The focus of the third round was on the interventions that had not reached consensus in the previous rounds. This study provides clinical consensus on therapeutic interventions for HF in Colombia. Nine therapeutic interventions were identified as relevant by the experts. These findings can help improve HF treatment and optimize clinical outcomes in Colombia. It is important to note that this study was conducted with local experts, and the results may not be generalizable to other populations.

An ecological study was conducted using anonymized microdata from the 2018 National Population and Housing Census (CNPV). Geographic analysis, choropleth maps, and Kernel density estimation were employed to identify clusters of individuals aged over 95 years. The study identified 43,427 individuals aged 95 years or older in Colombia, with concentrations observed in departments such as Antioquia and Bogotá. Analysis by department and municipality revealed variations in rates and sex distribution. Kernel density analysis highlighted clusters in the Valle de Tenza area and other regions. This study sheds light on the geographical distribution of centenarians in Colombia, emphasizing clusters in certain regions. More research is needed to understand the individual and contextual factors underlying successful aging in Colombia and to inform policies to improve the quality of life of older populations.

An ecological study was conducted using anonymized microdata from the 2018 National Population and Housing Census (CNPV). Geographic analysis, choropleth maps, and Kernel density estimation were employed to identify clusters of individuals aged over 95 years. The study identified 43,427 individuals aged 95 years or older in Colombia, with concentrations observed in departments such as Antioquia and Bogotá. Analysis by department and municipality revealed variations in rates and sex distribution. Kernel density analysis highlighted clusters in the Valle de Tenza area and other regions. This study sheds light on the geographical distribution of centenarians in Colombia, emphasizing clusters in certain regions. More research is needed to understand the individual and contextual factors underlying successful aging in Colombia and to inform policies to improve the quality of life of older populations.

The objective of this study was to validate the main therapies used in the treatment of heart failure through a clinical consensus conducted by cardiology experts in Colombia. The Delphi technique was employed, which involves a series of consultation rounds with experts to reach a consensus. Cardiologists with experience in HF treatment were selected, and they were sent electronic questionnaires to assess the relevance of various therapeutic interventions. Consensus was defined when at least 70% of the experts agreed on the relevance of an intervention. Fourteen cardiology experts participated in the study. In the first round, nine therapeutic interventions were evaluated, but insufficient agreement was reached to form a consensus. A second round was conducted, where feedback was provided to the experts, and they were asked to rate the relevance of the interventions using a Likert scale. Consensus was achieved for eight of the evaluated therapeutic interventions. The focus of the third round was on the interventions that had not reached consensus in the previous rounds. This study provides clinical consensus on therapeutic interventions for HF in Colombia. Nine therapeutic interventions were identified as relevant by the experts. These findings can help improve HF treatment and optimize clinical outcomes in Colombia. It is important to note that this study was conducted with local experts, and the results may not be generalizable to other populations.

Objective The interplay between the environment and human health is an escalating global concern, particularly in densely populated urban centers like Bogota. This article delves into the global burden of diseases, focusing on how environmental factors shape the health landscape of its populace. Emphasis is placed on comprehending and addressing health hazards linked with the urban landscape and depletion of natural resources within the city. Methods A quantitative ecological approach was employed, utilizing secondary data from sources such as SALUDATA and the National Data Archive (Archivo Nacional de Datos-ANDA) of the National Administrative Department of Statistics (Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística-DANE). An etiological approach to epidemiological transition was adopted, and theoretical frameworks established by Murray and López were employed to gauge the burden. Analysis was conducted at the level of the city's 20 localities, considering the number of individuals attended to in healthcare institutions per locality. Results A total of 11,220,420 individuals were identified as receiving care in the year 2022, exhibiting unequal distribution across localities. Diseases influenced by environmental factors were incorporated into the study. Metrics such as years of life lost (YLL), years of life lost due to disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were computed. Findings underscored a substantial burden affirming the influence of environmental impact. Conclusion The study underscores the imperative of addressing environmental factors to alleviate the burden and enhance the quality of life for the population. Urgency is stressed in implementing efficacious policies and measures to mitigate adverse effects on public health. These insights bear direct implications for shaping public health policies and provide a robust foundation for future investigations into the interplay between burden and environmental determinants within the city. Objetivo La interacción entre el medio ambiente y la salud humana es una preocupación mundial creciente, particularmente en centros urbanos densamente poblados como Bogotá. Este artículo profundiza en la carga mundial de enfermedades, centrándose en cómo los factores ambientales dan forma al panorama sanitario de su población. Se hace hincapié en la comprensión y el tratamiento de los peligros para la salud relacionados con el paisaje urbano y el agotamiento de los recursos naturales dentro de la ciudad. Métodos Se empleó un enfoque ecológico cuantitativo, utilizando datos secundarios de fuentes como SALUDATA y el Archivo Nacional de Datos (ANDA) del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Se adoptó un enfoque etiológico de la transición epidemiológica y se emplearon los marcos teóricos establecidos por Murray y López para medir la carga. El análisis se realizó a nivel de las 20 localidades de la ciudad, considerando el número de personas atendidas en instituciones de salud por localidad. Resultados Se identificó que un total de 11,220,420 personas recibieron atención en el año 2022, mostrando una distribución desigual entre localidades. Se incorporaron al estudio las enfermedades influenciadas por factores ambientales. Se calcularon métricas como los años de vida perdidos (AVP), los años de vida perdidos debido a una discapacidad (AVP) y los años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD). Los hallazgos subrayaron una carga sustancial que afirma la influencia del impacto ambiental. Conclusión El estudio subraya la necesidad imperiosa de abordar los factores ambientales para aliviar la carga y mejorar la calidad de vida de la población. Se hace hincapié en la urgencia de aplicar políticas y medidas eficaces para mitigar los efectos adversos sobre la salud pública. Estos conocimientos tienen implicaciones directas para la configuración de las políticas de salud pública y proporcionan una base sólida para futuras investigaciones sobre la interacción entre la carga y los determinantes ambientales dentro de la ciudad.