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Introduction: Various sequencing based approaches are used to identify and characterize the activities of cis-regulatory elements in a genome-wide fashion. Some of these techniques rely on indirect markers such as histone modifications (ChIP-seq with histone antibodies) or chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq, DNase-seq, FAIRE-seq), while other techniques use direct measures such as episomal assays measuring the enhancer properties of DNA sequences (STARR-seq) and direct measurement of the binding of transcription factors (ChIP-seq with transcription factor-specific antibodies). The activities of cis-regulatory elements such as enhancers, promoters, and repressors are determined by their sequence and secondary processes such as chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and bound histone markers.Methods: Here, machine learning models are employed to evaluate the accuracy with which cis-regulatory elements identified by various commonly used sequencing techniques can be predicted by their underlying sequence alone to distinguish between cis-regulatory activity that is reflective of sequence content versus secondary processes.Results and discussion: Models trained and evaluated on D. melanogaster sequences identified through DNase-seq and STARR-seq are significantly more accurate than models trained on sequences identified by H3K4me1, H3K4me3, and H3K27ac ChIP-seq, FAIRE-seq, and ATAC-seq. These results suggest that the activity detected by DNase-seq and STARR-seq can be largely explained by underlying DNA sequence, independent of secondary processes. Experimentally, a subset of DNase-seq and H3K4me1 ChIP-seq sequences were tested for enhancer activity using luciferase assays and compared with previous tests performed on STARR-seq sequences. The experimental data indicated that STARR-seq sequences are substantially enriched for enhancer-specific activity, while the DNase-seq and H3K4me1 ChIP-seq sequences are not. Taken together, these results indicate that the DNase-seq approach identifies a broad class of regulatory elements of which enhancers are a subset and the associated data are appropriate for training models for detecting regulatory activity from sequence alone, STARR-seq data are best for training enhancer-specific sequence models, and H3K4me1 ChIP-seq data are not well suited for training and evaluating sequence-based models for cis-regulatory element prediction.

\"Throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, Joseph Conrad's novels and short stories have consistently figured into - and helped to define - the dominant trends in literary criticism. This book is the first to provide a thorough yet accessible overview of Conrad scholarship and criticism spanning the entire history of Conrad studies, from the 1895 publication of his first book, Almayer's Folly, to the present. While tracing the general evolution of the commentary surrounding Conrad's work, John G. Peters's careful analysis also evaluates Conrad's impact on critical trends such as the belles lettres tradition, the New Criticism, psychoanalysis, structuralist and post-structuralist criticism, narratology, postcolonial studies, gender and women's studies, and ecocriticism. The breadth and scope of Peters's study make this text an essential resource for Conrad scholars and students of English literature and literary criticism\"-- Provided by publisher.

Conrad's Drama: Contemporary Reviews and Observations collects both book reviews and performance reviews of Conrad's three plays: The Secret Agent, One Day More, and Laughing Anne. These reviews and observations show how Conrad's plays were received by his contemporaries. More than this, however, Conrad's Drama reveals the larger conversations surrounding his plays: the state of British drama in the early 20th century, the role the drama critic has in a play's reception, and the difficulty most fiction writers experience in trying to write for the stage. No other reference work exists for those studying Conrad's plays, and this volume should prove to be an indispensable reference work for those working on this topic. Conrad's Drama received an Honorable Mention in the Joseph Conrad Society of America's Adam Gillon Book Prize in Conrad Studies for books published 2018-2020.

Large (>1 Mb), polymorphic inversions have substantial impacts on population structure and maintenance of genotypes. These large inversions can be detected from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data using unsupervised learning techniques like PCA. Construction and analysis of a feature matrix from millions of SNPs requires large amount of memory and limits the sizes of data sets that can be analyzed. We propose using feature hashing construct a feature matrix from a VCF file of SNPs for reducing memory usage. The matrix is constructed in a streaming fashion such that the entire VCF file is never loaded into memory at one time. When evaluated on mosquito and fly data sets, our approach reduced memory usage by 97% with minimal reductions in accuracy for inversion detection and localization tasks. With these changes, inversions in larger data sets can be analyzed easily and efficiently on common laptop and desktop computers. Our method is publicly available through our open-source inversion analysis software, Asaph.

KEYWORDS: Oscar Wilde, Importance of Being Earnest, satire, farce, earnestness Many have interpreted Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest as a farce or a satire. Such commentators presuppose that Wilde disagrees with the values his characters espouse and inverts the serious and the trivial either for the sake of amusement (farce) or for the sake of critique (satire). If, however, one assumes that Wilde agrees with his characters' values, then a different interpretation emerges, one that examines the characters' views in light of a value system that regards beauty and pleasure as its highest virtues. Thus, the trivial becomes serious and the serious becomes trivial.

In Heart of Darkness and “An Outpost of Progress,” Joseph Conrad’s characters initially associate African space with silence and absence and European space with sound and fullness. As these tales progress, however, the barriers between empty African space and full European space break down, as Conrad reveals the activity and sound of the West to be merely a surface that obscures its underlying emptiness, an emptiness that reflects a universe absent of order or meaning.