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Problem Statement: As the global population over the age of 65 has grown significantly in recent decades, their quality of life is of prime importance in the field of health and medicine. In the literature, physical activity is positively related to quality of life of older adults. However, the association between physical activity and quality of life among this population needs to be examined further. The lack of meta-analytical research using correlation coefficients in measuring the average effect size of the relationship is apparent. Purpose: This study was designed to conduct a meta-analysis of the correlation between physical activity and quality of life among older adults. Methods: A systematic search of Academic Search Complete, PubMed, and Google Scholar yielded 12 studies that met the criteria for a meta-analysis (total participants = 2,819). Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3 software was used to compute weighted average effect size. Results: The main finding of this study indicated that the effect size across the 12 studies was .263 (Fisher's Z = 5.298, p < .001), indicating that participation in physical activity had a significant positive effect on quality of life. In addition, this study analyzed heterogeneity that represents the variability among the studies, the Q-value (Q = 75.142, p < .001), and the I-squared value (85.361), which demonstrated that the studies were heterogeneous. To assess publication bias, the researchers produced the symmetrical funnel plot, indicating a possible absence of publication bias. Conclusions: This study provided evidence of a strong relationship between physical activity and quality of life among older adults. This research adds to the existing literature, while also contributing to practice. Most importantly, this study has meaningful implications for health care professionals serving seniors who have limited access to physical activity as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

While there have been emerging efforts to develop new or non-traditional sports, relatively little attention has been devoted to understanding what influences sport participants' behavioral intention and overt participation behavior toward new sports. Since many new sports have struggled to boost their popularity and increase the number of participants, the purpose of this study is to analyze adolescents' participation behavior in new sports through the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB), including prior knowledge. Specifically, it was hypothesized that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control positively influence participation intention. Furthermore, it was expected that participation behavior is influenced by participation intention and perceived behavioral condition and prior knowledge would positively influence attitude and participation intention. Especially, in order for a new sport to be sustainable, it is deemed more important to understand younger participants' behavioral intention and behavior. Using a survey questionnaire, data were collected from a total of 238 junior high school students who were participating in any type of new sports. The data were primarily analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results found that the three components of the TPB, namely attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, had a positive influence on subjects' participation intention, which further leads to participation behavior. Of the three TPB main variables, attitude was the strongest predictor for the intention to partake in a new sport, followed by perceived behavioral control and subjective norm. However, perceived behavioral control did not have a direct influence on adolescents' participation behavior. In addition, the participants' prior knowledge had a positive influence on adolescents' attitudes and participation intention. Results indicated that new sport organizations should develop marketing and educational strategies to improve attitudes of potential and current participants toward new sports as well as to teach the rules and benefits of new sports.

In times of conflict or crisis, the media tends to rally round the flag and express mostly patriotic views in its news coverage. The current study aims to examine whether this phenomenon is also true for other covered topics that are not hard news related-while focusing on the coverage of the sports section. Examining the coverage of the sports sections in three leading Israeli newspapers during the Second Lebanon War (July-August 2006), the findings show that the rally effect was salient in sports coverage in the initial stages of the war. Three central themes were identified: (a) expressions of patriotism, (b) discussions about the foreign players, and (c) minimal criticism. In accordance with previous literature, the evidence suggests that the rally-round-the-flag concept has an effect on coverage of sports news not directly related to the conflict. Here, too, it is shown that sport plays a significant component in the formation and strengthening of the national spirit.

In the highly competitive field of athletic administration it is quite common that push and pull factors exist that either pull away or back in employees and that may ultimately push them away. Being that the administrators involved in this study (n = 203) were all from mid-level management positions in intercollegiate athletics, this allowed for a broader spectrum of results dealing specifically with mobility or lack thereof. There is where the various mitigating factors impacted decisions of turnover. For instance, the careerist orientation accounts for much of the pull within or internally while commitment to the organization (athletic department) may play an even greater role. Furthermore, the practical implications of how an organization can continue to retain the good employees and not only serve as a stepping stone to their next promotion in the field.

In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, 52-week trial among postmenopausal women not receiving estrogen therapy, treatment with a patch delivering 300 μg of testosterone per day resulted in a significant although modest increase in the 4-week frequency of satisfying sexual episodes (1.4 more episodes per month), but the women were also subject to more adverse events, including androgenic side effects. In postmenopausal women not receiving estrogen therapy, treatment with a patch delivering 300 '1;g of testosterone per day resulted in a significant although modest increase in the 4-week frequency of satisfying sexual episodes. The literature suggests that the prevalence of sexual problems among women ranges from 9 to 43%. 1 – 4 Among these women, hypoactive sexual desire disorder is a commonly reported, symptom-driven condition characterized by a decrease or absence of interest in sexual activity, causing distress. 5 Decreased libido is common after natural menopause 6 , 7 and bilateral oophorectomy. 8 – 10 Several studies have shown the efficacy and short-term safety of a transdermal patch delivering 300 μg of testosterone per day for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women who have undergone either surgically induced or natural menopause and who use concomitant estrogen. 11 – . . .

To determine the longitudinal progression of fractures through a population of osteoporotic women with no existing vertebral fractures. The probability of having one or more vertebral fractures in the next year given a current status of 0-13 existing vertebral fractures was estimated using data from control patients of an osteoporosis clinical trial program. Fracture probabilities were used to form a transition matrix that models the change in fracture state from one year to the next. A Markov model was used to show the distribution of fracture prevalence over time for a population of women with osteoporosis but, initially, with no existing vertebral fractures. An osteoporotic woman without existing vertebral fractures has a 7.7% chance (95% CI, 5.8% to 9.9%) of having a vertebral fracture within 1 year. After 5 years, 33% (95% CI, 25% to 41%) will have developed vertebral fractures, of which 11% (95% CI, 8% to 16%) will have > or =2 fractures. After 10 years, 55% (95% CI, 44% to 65%) will have developed vertebral fractures, of which 29% (95% CI, 22% 37%) will have > or =2 fractures. Each 1% absolute reduction in the annual first-fracture risk corresponds to an approximate 4% reduction in the 5-year fracture incidence. Therefore, reducing the risk of first fracture from 8% to 2% reduces the 5-year fracture incidence from approximately 34% to approximately 10%. Fracture prevalence rapidly increases over time in a population of osteoporotic women despite treatment with calcium and vitamin D supplements. Identifying and treating patients at risk of fracture, but who have not yet sustained a fracture, will substantially reduce the long-term burden of osteoporosis.

High-dose oral corticosteroid therapy is given to patients with a variety of medical conditions. Although often effective, corticosteroids commonly cause osteoporosis. 1 – 3 The degree or extent of bone loss is most closely correlated with the cumulative corticosteroid dose, 4 but the rate of bone loss is highest in the first three to six months of therapy, after which it slows. Nevertheless, the rate remains increased for as long as high-dose corticosteroid therapy continues. 4 , 5 Given the frequency and magnitude of the problem of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, preventive therapy should be considered for patients who are expected to receive corticosteroid therapy for more . . .

Vertebral fracture is a common consequence of osteoporosis for postmenopausal women. Modeling the progression of the disease in vertebral fractures has been of great interest to physicians as well as patients. In this paper, we propose a simple Markov chain model to study the progression of the vertebral fractures for untreated postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, in this model, the state space consists of {0, 1, 2,…13}, which represents the possible number of vertebral fractures for a patient, as commonly assessed via spinal x-ray. Based on the model, a simple estimator of the one-year transition probability matrix is proposed. An estimate for the m-year transition probability matrix is then derived following an application of the Chapman-kolmogorov equations. To estimate the confidence intervals for the m-year transition probabilities, a bootstrap procedure is proposed. The proposed bootstrap procedure can also be employed to construct confidence intervals for differences between two treatment groups. The methods are illustrated with data from clinical trials for an anti-resorptive therapy.