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<p><b>A GUIDE TO THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN GRID DYNAMICS AND CONTROL, HIGHLIGHTING THE ROLE OF TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION GRIDS</b> <p><i>Dynamics and Control of Electric Transmission and Microgrids</i> offers a concise and comprehensive review of the most recent developments and research in grid dynamics and control. In addition, the authors use a new style of presentation that highlights the role of transmission and distribution grids that ensures the reliability and quality of electric power supply. <p>The authors&#151;noted experts in the field&#151;offer an introduction to the topic and explore the basic characteristics and operations of the grid. The text also reviews a wealth of vital topics such as FACTS and HVDC Converter controllers, the stability and security issues of the bulk power system, loads which can be viewed as negative generation, the power limits and energy availability when distributed storage is used, and much more. This important resource: <ul> <li>Puts the focus on the role of transmission and distribution grids that ensures the reliability and quality of electric power supply</li> <li>Includes modeling and control of wind and solar energy generation for secure energy transfer</li> <li>Presents timely coverage of on&#45;line detection of loss of synchronism, wide area measurements and applications, wide&#45;area feedback control systems for power swing damping and microgrids&#45;operation and control</li> </ul> <p>Written for students of power system dynamics and control/electrical power industry professionals,<i> Dynamics and Control of Electric Transmission and Microgrids</i> is a comprehensive guide to the recent developments in grid dynamics and control and highlights the role of transmission and distribution grids that ensures the reliability and quality of electric power supply.

About the Book: The emerging technology of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) enables planning and operation of power systems at minimum costs, without compromising security. This is based on modern high power electronic systems that provide fast controllability to ensure 'flexible' operation under changing system conditions. This book presents a comprehensive treatment of the subject by discussing the operating principles, mathematical models, control design and issues that affect the applications. The concepts are explained often with illustrative examples and case studies. In particular, the book presents an in-depth coverage of: Applications of SVC, TCSC, GCSC, SPST, STATCOM, SSSC, UPFC, IPFC and IPC for voltage/power control in transmission systems. Application of DSTATCOM, DVR and UPQC for improving power quality in distribution systems. Design of Power Oscillation Damping (POD) controllers. Discrete control of FACTS for improving transient stability. Mitigation of SSR using series FACTS Controllers. Issues affecting control design such as electromagnetic and harmonic interactions. The book can serve as a text or reference for a course on FACTS Controllers. It will also benefit researchers and practicing engineers who wish to understand and apply FACTS technology. Contents: Introduction AC Transmission Line and Reactive Power Compensation Static Var Compensator Thyristor and GTO Controlled Series Capacitor Static Phase Shifting Transformer Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) Static Synchronous Series Compensator Unified Power Flow Controller and other Multi-Converter Devices Interphase Power Controller and other FACTS Devices Power Oscillation Damping Improvement of Transient Stability Power Quality and Introduction to Custom Power Devices Load Compensation and Distribution STATCOM Dynamic Voltage Restorer and Unified Power Quality Conditioner Modelling of Synchronous Generator Pulse Width Modulation for Voltage Source Converters Per Unit System for STATCOM Abbreviations Index.

This chapter considers the nature of transients in an electrical network and the induction generator effect. It describes the modeling of the generator‐turbine system and the nature of torsional modes. The chapter discusses the adverse interaction between the torsional system and the series‐compensated electrical network. Generator‐turbine and network interactions can be studied by performing eigenvalue analysis of the combined electro‐mechanical system. The study of interactions of the torsional system and the electrical network is of interest because of the possibility of the small‐signal instability of torsional modes when a generator is connected to a series‐capacitor compensated line. A case study of a thyristor‐controlled series compensator (TCSC)‐based subsynchronous damping controller (SSDC) is presented. The controllers of power electronic systems (PESs) can incidentally cause torsional instability or controller‐network instability. Modeling techniques for PESs, including dynamic phasors and numerical scanning techniques, are described.

High‐voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is primarily applied for long distance bulk power transmission from remote hydro and thermal stations, asynchronous interconnections, and sea‐crossing underwater cables. The flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) can be classified as: shunt‐connected controllers, series‐connected controllers, combined series‐series controllers, and combined shunt‐series controllers. Reactive power control applied to a transmission line or a network can result in several benefits involving voltage regulation, enhancement of power flow, and stability improvement. The simplest type of power scheduling control adjusts the reactance order slowly to meet the required steady‐state power flow requirements of the transmission network. Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is based on a voltage source converter (VSC) that injects a voltage that is synchronized to the voltage at the bus where it is connected. In AC transmission, there is no control over the power flow in a link unless FACTS controllers are used.

Loss of synchronism (LoS) arises because of the nonlinear relationship between the electrical power flows and phase angular differences in a synchronous grid. LoS is accompanied by large deviations in rotor angles and speeds, and fluctuating voltages, currents, and generator torques. Since LoS is a phenomenon caused by the instability of relative angular motion, it can be understood using the example of a single‐machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. The evaluation of a power system's ability to withstand large disturbances and transition to an acceptable operating condition without LoS is commonly known as transient stability analysis. LoS may also occur in a multi‐machine system, but with some differences compared to an SMIB system. Series compensation of transmission lines as well as operational measures like generation rescheduling are among several possible measures to improve stability. Emergency controls are specifically designed for improving stability and are inactive during normal operating conditions.

This chapter presents the important features of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation and an overview of electrical storage technologies. The basic unit of a solar PV generation system is a solar cell, which is a P‐N junction diode. The power electronic converters used in solar systems are usually DC‐DC converters and DC‐AC converters. Either or both these converters may be necessary depending on whether the solar panel is connected to a DC load, an AC load or an AC grid. Most large conventional electrical grids can operate without significant storage of energy after it has been converted to electric energy. This is because the load‐generation balance is maintained in near real time through the control of the generated power, with frequency as the feedback signal. The chapter presents some important considerations for the evaluation of energy storage technologies and provides a brief outline of few of energy storage technologies.

This chapter investigates the behavior of relative rotor angle oscillations, which are also known as swings. The damping of these oscillations is a complex function of the operating conditions and system parameters. A major cause of the instability of these oscillations is the action of automatic voltage regulators (AVRs). Power swings are primarily associated with the rotor angle and speed of a synchronous machine. Since feedback controllers like AVRs are necessary for important regulation functions, the damping of the swings may be ensured by adding auxiliary feedback loops which modulate the set‐points of the existing controllers in the system. Such feedback controllers are called power swing damping controllers (PSDCs). The actuators for PSDCs are generally power electronic converters, as they have sufficient bandwidth to affect the swing modes, in addition to having the vernier control capability necessary for modulation. The actuator location has a significant impact on the controllability of swing modes.