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One of the fastest-growing industries in recent years has been e-Healthcare. Many cyberattacks and threats against patient confidentiality exist in electronic health records (EHRs). To shield EHRs from data breaches and to secure the data with integrity, DNA subsequences, SHA-256, and Hyper Chaotic Multi Attractors Chen System (HCMACS) are proposed for effective medical image encryption. A combined HCMACS produces a pseudorandom key sequence to strengthen its resiliency. The two significant advantages of the proposed technique are integrity and robustness, where the secret keys are susceptible to initial states determined by the original image’s hash value. Furthermore, the encrypted image is uploaded to a cloud-based service where an authorised user can retrieve the original data. Finally the digital medical images have confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA). The outcomes of the DNA-based cryptosystem for medical images are validated with several analyses and are efficiently defended against statistical, differential, and chosen-plaintext attacks.

In this paper, a hybrid security solution based on the chaotic map for a discrete cosine transform (DCT) precoded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is proposed. The two-level encryption scheme is employed to encrypt the image in the upper and physical layer of the OFDM system. At first, bit-level encryption based on Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid coding and combined chaotic map is done in the upper layer of the proposed system. Then, the encrypted bitstreams are fed to the OFDM transmitter where the real and imaginary parts of the quadrature amplitude modulated symbols are scrambled chaotically to achieve the symbol level encryption in the physical layer of OFDM system. In addition to the hybrid security model, DCT precoding is added to achieve the trade-off between bit error rate (BER) and peak to average power ratio (PAPR) performance. Experiments are carried out to validate the strength of encryption algorithms against key sensitivity, statistical and differential attacks. Further, the BER, PAPR and peak signal to noise ratio performances have been analyzed for various cases to prove the strength of the proposed system to achieve enhanced security with better power and BER performance.

This paper proposes that Pullikolam influenced medical image watermarking on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This watermarking scheme undergoes three successive operations: Look Up Table (LUT) formation for Pullikolam, Pixel localisation and Least Significant Bit (LSB) substitution. Additionally, this data hiding strategy employs on-chip embedded memory to store the data. This proposed architecture has been designed using Verilog HDL and implemented on Altera Cyclone IV E EP4CE115F29C7 FPGA. This watermarking scheme is consumed 3269 Logic Elements (LEs) which is 3% of the available LEs. Also, it requires only 5.24 mS to perform watermarking on 256 × 256 medical images. This work has achieved an average Mean Square Error (MSE) of < 5, and Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCC) is close to an ideal which is evidence of the robustness of the algorithm. Further, near-zero perceptual transparency has been attained through the Structural Similarity Index Matrix (SSIM) and histogram analyses that confirm the strength of the scheme.

Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica Linn) have gained high value for their nutritional and medicinal benefits. They contain ω-3 and 6 fatty acids, vitamins, dietary fibres, proteins, minerals and antioxidants such as caffeic acid and quercetin. Chia has been extensively researched in various areas, including food, medicinal and pharmaceutical industries. Chia oil is considered one of the most valuable oils on the market. The seeds' potential health benefits include controlling diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardio protective as well as offering antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Chia protein hydrolysates have shown promise in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Hence chia seeds are recognized as a very valuable functional food with many significant health-promoting properties.

Background Piper nigrum [Piperaceae], commonly known as black pepper is used as medicine fairly throughout the greater part of India and as a spice globally. Purpose To isolate piperine and evaluate in vitro cytotoxic [antiproliferative] activity and in silico method. Methods Piperine was isolated from the fruits of P.nigrum . Piperine was characterized by UV,IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and Mass spectrum. Standardization of piperine was done also by HPTLC fingerprinting. In vitro cytotoxic activity was done using HeLa cell lines by MTT assay at different concentrations ranging from 20 to 100 μg/ml in triplicate and in silico docking studies using enzyme EGFR tyrosine kinase. Results Fingerprinting of isolated piperine were done by HPTLC method. The IC 50 value was found to be 61.94 ± 0.054 μg/ml in in vitro cytotoxic activity in HeLa Cell lines. Piperine was subjected to molecular docking studies for the inhibition of the enzyme EGFR tyrosine kinase, which is one of the targets for inhibition of cancer cells. It has shown −7.6 kJ mol −1 binding and 7.06 kJ mol −1 docking energy with two hydrogen bonds. Conclusion piperine has shown to possess in vitro cytotoxic activity and in silico studies.

The present study was aimed to formulate and evaluate the mucoadhesive buccal films of Repaglinide 2 mg, an Anti-diabetic agent. The films are prepared by solvent casting method. The mucoadhesive buccal film formulations were developed by incorporating various polymers. PVP K 30 as to improve bioavailability, and guar gum as polysaccharide used as film forming biopolymer. The ingredients were tested for compatibility with drug by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies (FTIR) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)studies which showed that there was no physicochemical interaction occurred. The thickness of film, weight variation, folding endurance, surface pH, swelling studies, DSC, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and drug content was evaluated for films. The effect of these variables on drug release was also studied. A total of 9 formulations were prepared in the following ratios, from F1 to F9 the drug to carrier (HPMC K 15, SCMC, PVA and HPMC E 15) of different concentrations in the ratio was found to be (1:2). The in-Vitro drug permeation studies as well as ex vivo permeation studies were performed by using pH 6.8 phosphate buffer as media at 50rpm speed and temperature of 37OC±5OC. The sampling was done at periodic time intervals and was replaced by equal volume of media after each withdrawal. The cumulative amount of drug release at different intervals is estimated using UV method. Based on the evaluation result the formulations F-9 containing HPMC E 15 and PVA of ratio 1:2 was selected as best formulation.

To evaluate the invivo antioxidant activities of methanol (MEAL) and aqueous extracts (AEAL) of aerial parts of Aerva lanata Linn Juss in streptozotocin induced oxidative stress rats which are used in the folklore system for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in India. Rats were divided into seven groups of six rats (n=6) each. Group 1 served as vehicle control using normal saline (0.9 % w/v NaCl), Group 2 served as diabetic control, Group 3 served as standard treated with 0.5 mg/kg of glibenclamide, Group 4 and 5 was treated with MEAL 200 and 400 mg/ kg, p.o., Group 6 and 7 was treated with AEAL 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. Phenolic content, antioxidant enzymes, liver glycogen and lipid peroxidation were evaluated and compared with diabetic control. MEAL (400 mg/kg) showed significant increase in the protein, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), hexokinase and liver glycogen levels (p<0.01) than AEAL when compared with diabetic control. The MEAL at the dose of 400 mg/kg showed significant decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels, Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6-pase), Fructose 1,6 biphosphatase (FD-pase). Thus, these results scientifically that confirm that MEAL at the higher dose may effectively normalize the various disorders caused by free radicals and other chemical substances due to the presence of secondary metabolites that exert antioxidant activity.

During the transition between Grid mode of operation to Islanded mode of operation and Loss of generators in the Microgrid, the fault current levels will change not only the fault current level Change will happen, relay pairs also change. It will results in delay operation of the relay or relay operation failure. So we need an optimal and single protection scheme for protection of Micro grid system against over currents. Micro grid protection is one of the most important challenges due to the above said reasons. So single protection scheme must enhance the system reliability and stability of the system with various level of phase faults fault current like LLL, LL and LLG with various modes of operation in micro grid system. Protection is provided by REF 541 (Feeder management Relay).

There is a continuous need to enhance watermelon cultivars for disease and pest resistance. Different U.S. Plant Introductions (PIs) of Citrullus lanatus subsp. lanatus var. lanatus [also known as C. lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai subsp. lanatus var. citroides (Bailey) Mansf. ex Greb.] (CLC) collected in southern Africa are a useful source for enhancing disease or pest resistance in watermelon cultivars. They are also valuable as rootstocks for grafted watermelon, particularly in fields infested with root-knot nematodes or Fusarium wilt. However, there is little information about genetic relationships among these PIs. In this study, genetic diversity was examined among 74 CLC PIs collected from their center of origin in southern Africa. Also, 15 Citrullus lanatus subsp. lanatus (CLL) PIs and the American heirloom cultivars Charleston Gray and Black Diamond (Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris (Schrader ex Eckl. et Zeyh.) Fursa) (CLV) and five Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrader (CC) PIs collected in different locations throughout the world were used as out-groups in the phylogenetic analysis for the CLC PIs. Twenty-three high frequency oligonucleotides—targeting active gene (HFO-TAG) primers were used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments to produce a total of 562 polymorphic markers among the Citrullus PIs and cultivars. Cluster and multidimensional scaling plot analysis produced distinct groups of CLC, CLL, and CC PIs. Several PIs that were designated as CLC or CLL were in transitional positions, indicating that they are the result of gene flow between the major Citrullus groups or subgroups. Population structure analysis indicated that CLC comprises two subgroups; each containing a set of unique alleles. Also, unique alleles exist in the CLL and the CC genotypes. Overall, broad genetic diversity exists among the Citrullus PIs. The data in this study should be useful for identifying PIs with a wide genetic distance between them that could be used in breeding programs aiming to develop heterotic F₁ hybrid rootstock lines for grafted watermelon.