Explore the vast range of titles available.

Steel slag is an industrial by-product of steel production which is obtained during the pyrometallurgical process. Technological dissemination on effective utilization of steel slag in vast quantities globally is essential as the generation of steel is escalating year by year and the availability of steel slag is also in millions of tons. Though steel slag has been used for various applications, large quantities of steel slag have been utilized in the field of construction only. This review focuses on the recent advances on utilization of steel slag in construction sector and the impact of steel slag incorporation has been described in detail. Utilization of steel slag in construction industry as aggregate and cementitious material for the applications toward bricks production, asphalt mixes, radiation shielding concrete, foam concrete, self-compacting concrete, ceramic manufacturing, waterproof mortars and geopolymer composites fabrication has been discussed in detail. Steel slag will be an alternate source to conserve natural resources by utilizing large quantity of steel slag in construction industry.

This study investigates the mechanical and microstructural performance of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC) incorporating steel, glass, and polypropylene fibers in varying proportions to optimize crack control and structural durability. Experimental results indicate that the optimal HFRC mixes exhibit a significant enhancement in mechanical properties, with compressive strength increasing by approximately 20–25%, split tensile strength by around 30%, and flexural strength improvements reaching up to 35% compared to plain concrete. The modulus of elasticity similarly improved by 15–20%, contributing to enhanced stiffness and load-bearing capacity. Workability remained within acceptable limits, with slump reductions not exceeding 15% due to superplasticizer use. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that fiber incorporation densifies the matrix and strengthens the interfacial transition zones, effectively mitigating micro- and macro-crack propagation. These findings demonstrate that carefully optimized hybrid fiber combinations can provide a durable, high-performance concrete solution suitable for demanding structural applications.

Copper ore processing generates a large amount of copper slag, which has properties that are similar to fine aggregate. Copper slag has a promising future in the construction industry as an alternative to fine aggregate. Up to 50% of fine aggregate substitutions have been successful. The performance of copper slag concrete could be improved by microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation. The impact of micro-organisms on the mechanical properties and flexural behaviour of copper slag concrete was investigated in this study. Five concrete mixtures were created by replacing varying amounts of fine aggregate with copper slag, ranging from 0% to 100%. M30 grade concrete was used, and 1% to 2% of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis by weight of cement was added during the concrete casting procedure. Specimens of different shapes, such as cubes, cylinders, and prisms, were cast and examined at 7, 14, and 28 days. When treated with micro-organisms, the test results revealed that replacing 50% to 75% of the sand with copper slag produced concrete with superior mechanical properties and a greater density. With the optimal ratio of copper slag to micro-organisms, a suitable RCC beam was formed. Load–deflection patterns of bacterial copper slag concrete were used to investigate beam flexural behaviour, and the results were compared using ABAQUS modelling. Microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation can alter regular copper slag concrete, resulting in enhanced concrete performance.

Block-matching and 3D filtering (BM3D) is a popular denoising technique, renowned for its efficiency in enhancing image quality. However, traditional BM3D method involves hard thresholding and Euclidean distance, which shows limitation in yielding effective results due to constant thresholding. Hence in this paper, we provide an improved variant of the BM3D algorithm that incorporates the cosine distance metric for patch similarity measurement and includes exponential moving average (EMA) of noise and non-zero similar patch. EMA acts as a weighting factor to balance the contributions of similar patches. The weighting parameter of EMA is adjusted according to the unique characteristics of the input image. This adaptability improves BM3D’s efficiency to maintain image details while effectively reducing noise. Further, when identifying similar patches for collaborative filtering, we also replace the Euclidean distance metric with the cosine distance, which is renowned for being robust to variations in brightness and contrast, making it particularly ideal for natural images with a variety of textures and contents. Our cosine adaptive enhanced BM3D (CA-EBM3D) delivers improved patch selection and enhanced denoising performance by using cosine distance. CA-EBM3D-NET also incorporates convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which can capture complex image features and improves denoising performance. CNNs have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in learning complex images and performing denoising tasks. Experimental results against benchmark images show that the proposed CA-EBM3D-NET consistently outperforms traditional BM3D and other cutting-edge denoising approaches. The evaluation measures are peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), mean squared error (MSE), structural similarity index (SSIM), and entropy. The results consistently demonstrate improved performance, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method in a variety of image denoising applications. The combined use of EMA, cosine distance, and CNN-based denoising improves noise reduction while preserving fine image details.

Drilling operations increasingly face challenges related to poor rheology control, excessive fluid loss, and inefficient cuttings transport, especially in HPHT conditions. This study aimed to address these issues by developing a sustainable nanoparticle based additive synthesized through a green route. A biogenic extract from Pinus nigra pollen was used to produce selenium doped silver zinc oxide nanocomposites (Se@Ag/AgO–ZnO) via a single step co precipitation method. The resulting heterostructured material exhibited nanoscale crystallite size and a textured morphology confirmed by SEM. The nanocomposite was incorporated into water based drilling fluids at concentrations of 0 to 5000 ppm. Rheological behavior was evaluated using Bingham Plastic modeling, filtration performance was measured under standard and HPHT conditions, and cuttings transport was assessed through rolling oven tests. Results showed that the optimal concentration of 1000 ppm increased yield point to 12.12 Pa and plastic viscosity to 48.7 cP while maintaining high model accuracy with R2 values of at least 0.991. Filtrate volumes decreased by up to 68.5 percent in standard tests and 69.2 percent in HPHT tests due to formation of a compact and low permeability filter cake. Quartz and shale cuttings recovery reached 88 percent and 79 percent respectively at 1000 ppm. At 5000 ppm, mild performance decline was linked to particle agglomeration. These findings demonstrate that pollen derived nanocomposites can enhance drilling fluid behavior and offer a sustainable approach for improving rheology, filtration control, and hole cleaning efficiency.

Concrete is composed of many components such as cement, aggregates, and water. Concrete being a strong building material, it is widely utilized in the building sector for making various products with the addition of bound ingredients to enhance its strength and durability properties. Continued industrial development is critical to a country’s economic growth and progress. There is a huge demand for animal hides and skin which are processed to make leather products. The leather industry is one of the main sectors that generate good revenue for the Indian government. The amount of waste generated by this industry is significant and is classified as hazardous due to its complex content of toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and other contaminating substances. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), established by the government, lists the leather industry as one of India’s major polluting industries. As the substantial quantities of solid waste generated by the tannery industry have a harmful effect on the environment and its inhabitants, it is essential to employ an effective waste management solution. The main aim is tannery sludge as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in the construction of a concrete block. The rising cost of watercourse sand, the use of sludge as a construction material. The concrete grades used for this investigation are M 20 , M 25 , and M 30 , and the fine aggregate is partially replaced with industrial sludge in varied percentages of 0% to 30%. The mechanical characteristics, properties and toughness of the prepared concrete block are examined through ANOVA and Life Cycle Assessment.

Concrete is the widely used reliable constructions material worldwide in the field of Civil Engineering with various reforms using advanced Technology. One of the encroachments is the Nano science and it has also played a remarkable role in the field of material science. Eventually Nano materials were used in the concrete to intervene new material at Nano scale and thereby increasing the Mechanical, Chemical and durability property. Various Nano materials are being used in civil Engineering, off all those Nano materials used in the concrete are Nano silica, Multi walled Carbon Nano tubes, and Nano Titanium oxide. These Nano materials are used in producing High performance concrete which exhibits tremendous strength and durability of concrete. The material that is used in this research paper is Carbon Nano tubes. The multiwalled carbon Nano tubes exhibits exceptionally high Mechanical Property and also act as a reinforcing material for the high performance concrete. These multiwall carbon Nano tubes are effectively incorporated in concrete by ultrasonic method and using surfactant. There are interfacial interactions between carbon nanotubes and the hydrations of cement, which enhances a high bonding strength between the reinforcement and cement matrix. Mutiwalled carbon nanotubes are various ratio is incorporated with the concrete of mix proportion M40 grade of concrete. Their mechanical property is thereby compared with the nominal concrete mix. In this research the fine aggregate is also partially to fully replace by manufactured sand as the demand for the river sand is high, an alternate is sought. Besides the mechanical property and the complex reinforcement of cement matrix, the Nano concrete exhibits early strain capacity which shows a considerable improvement in the long term durability of the concrete.

Clustering of clinical documents is a major research area in the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence, which aims to acquaint some type of association with the information that helps to highlight relevant examples and patterns. The rich corpus of clinical notes consists of several unprocessed data that needs to be mined with appropriate techniques to improve and augment the existing healthcare system. Biomedical information mining is a general research strategy that aims to recover, break down, and analyze clinical information from a collection of medical and/or medicinal records. This paper presents a novel approach that utilizes Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) clustering approach to mine the medication names based on age of the patients. Pharmaceutical data from clinical notes is regularly communicated with prescription names and other medication information, which needs to be mined, based on the similarity between documents so that more accurate extraction of similarity could be accomplished. Even in the wake of being an exceptionally effective solution, clustering is yet not deployed in major search engines. The basic issue with it is to determine a fast and accurate cluster values even after reducing the complexity of the technique. This paper presents an enhanced multi-viewpoint similarity measure that utilizes many distinct viewpoints to measure similarity between documents so that more accurate extraction of similarity could be accomplished.

Million tons of waste materials were produced in the world each year and most of it is not recyclable. To protect the environment from pollution and depletion, it is imperative to find explication for the safe disposal of waste materials. Using waste material in concrete production is a propitious method for eliminating the waste and reducing the cost of concrete. Also, the green concrete technology is expanding, it is necessary to utilize wastes in concrete that is generated from all the sectors. In construction large amounts of concrete from buildings was generated and demolitions made up 30-40 % of total wastes. Around 33 tons of Copper slag is produced across the world and 6 to 6.5 tons in India. Electronic waste is emerging as a serious public health and environmental issue in India and approximately 2 million tons of e-waste is generated annually. Concrete produced from wastes will have declination over the strength and it is necessary to improve the properties by some other technique. Self-healing concrete is a brand-new technology that ‘heals’ its own cracks and indicates a promising future in reducing the inevitable deterioration of concrete structures and the high maintenance costs involved. This research includes the inclusion of waste materials into the concrete and determination of compressive Strength of waste substituted concrete. Three major Wastes such as Demolition Wastes, Copper slag and E-Wastes were chosen to replace for aggregate and Bacteria subtilis a spore forming bacteria was used as an admixture to improve the properties of concrete. From the results obtained it has been observed that self-healing technology proves to be the fruitful and considerable increase in mechanical properties.

Materials play a vital role in the development of human life. Environmental and sustainable development concerns have seriously affected the development and applications of materials. Due to the advancement of rapid growth, it leads to the utilization of more materials, which leads to the depletion of natural materials. So, this leads the researchers to focus on the materials that have less impact on the environment. This study focuses on the compressive strength-based study of M30-grade fiber-reinforced concrete, partially replacing cement with flyash, fine aggregate with cocopeat, and adding coir fiber as a fiber. In recent times, there has been a tremendous increase in the usage of several natural fibers because of their low cost, ease of processing, and environmental friendliness. Due to their availability and eco friendliness, they are used in the development of fiber-reinforced concrete to improve its strength. The experiment entails casting and curing of different concrete mixtures for 3, 7, and 28 days with varying percentages of coconut fiber and cocopeat, 30% replacement of cement with flyash, and performing compressive strength tests in accordance with IS standards. Test results show adding 1% of coir fiber attains more strength in comparison with normal concrete and concrete with partial replacement of cement with fly ash and fine aggregate with cocopeat.