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Bankruptcy legislation in Russia is constantly changing. The main purpose of such changes is to create favorable conditions for creditors. During the bankruptcy case of developers, the rights of construction participants were violated for a long time. The Russian bankruptcy law currently contains special rules governing the bankruptcy of developers. The law provides for various guarantees of the rights of construction participants. The experience of applying bankruptcy legislation to developers abroad demonstrates its peculiarities. The task of the state is to ensure a high level of protection of the rights of citizens whose funds are attracted for the construction of housing. The bankruptcy law provides for special ways to satisfy creditors’ claims in a developer’s bankruptcy case. Such methods include the creation of a housing construction cooperative, the settlement of claims by transferring residential premises, and the attraction of a new developer to complete construction. Much attention is given to the transfer of a developer’ right on the object under construction and a plot of land to the housing and construction cooperative or another specialized consumer cooperative as a means to satisfy the requirements of construction participants. The author reveals the conditions for such satisfaction, specifics of making the corresponding decision.

We present the current status of high-energy cosmic-ray physics and gamma-ray astronomy at the Tunka Astrophysical Center (AC). This complex is located in the Tunka Valley, about 50 km from Lake Baikal. Present efforts are focused on the construction of the first stage of the gamma-ray observatory TAIGA - the TAIGA prototype. TAIGA (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma Astronomy) is designed for the study of gamma rays and charged cosmic rays in the energy range 1013 eV–1018 eV. The array includes a network of wide angle timing Cherenkov stations (TAIGA-HiSCORE), each with a FOV = 0.6 sr, plus up to 16 IACTs (FOV - 10∘× 10∘). This part covers an area of 5 km2. Additional muon detectors (TAIGA-Muon), with a total coverage of 2000 m2, are distributed over an area of 1 km2.

In this talk, we describe the status and the perspectives of the hybrid Air Shower Array TAIGA (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy) which is currently under construction in the Tunka Valley close to Lake Baikal and is taking data in its initial configurations. TAIGA is designed for the study of gamma rays and charged cosmic rays in the energy range of 10 13 eV - 10 18 eV. It has the potential to play an important role in the search for Galactic Pevatrons and within a multi-messenger approach to explore the high-energy sky.

We present the current status of high-energy cosmic-ray physics and gamma-ray astronomy at the Tunka Astrophysical Center (AC). This complex is located in the Tunka Valley, about 50 km from Lake Baikal. Present efforts are focused on the construction of the first stage of the gamma-ray observatory TAIGA - the TAIGA prototype. TAIGA (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma Astronomy) is designed for the study of gamma rays and charged cosmic rays in the energy range 1013 eV–1018 eV. The array includes a network of wide angle timing Cherenkov stations (TAIGA-HiSCORE), each with a FOV = 0.6 sr, plus up to 16 IACTs (FOV - 10∘× 10∘). This part covers an area of 5 km2. Additional muon detectors (TAIGA-Muon), with a total coverage of 2000 m2, are distributed over an area of 1 km2.

With the HiSCORE (Hundred*i Square kilometer Cosmic ORigin Explorer) experiment we aim at the exploration of the accelerator sky using indirect air shower observations of cosmic rays from 100 TeV to 1 EeV and gamma rays above 10 TeV to several PeV. In this paper the HiSCORE detector is discribed and the results of the first prototype deployment are shown. Several components are discussed like the photomultiplier tubes, the clip-sum-trigger and the DRS4 based data acquisition. We present data taken with a first prototype station in April 2012 at Tunka.

Currently, molecular parasitologists are searching for new agents against trematodiases. Redox metabolism is important for parasites as far as long-lived adult parasites inside a mammalian host are exposed to redox challenges. Antioxidants have been poorly studied as anthelmintic agents, in particular against the foodborne trematodes. Study of in vitro anthelmintic activity of nonenzymatic natural and synthetic antioxidants of various chemical structures was performed using standard motility and mortality assays against juvenile and adult Opisthorchis felineus worms. Promising agents have been found among both natural and synthetic compounds. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 [10-(6′-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium] in motility assays was as effective (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] 0.6–1.4 μM) as praziquantel (IC50 0.47–1.4 μM), and SkQ1 was significantly more effective than praziquantel in mortality assays. Moreover, extensive tegument damage of the adult fluke was revealed after SkQ1 treatment. Flavonoids manifested potency too, with IC50 values in a micromolar range (5.1–17.4 μM). Other natural and synthetic compounds tested against helminths were significantly less effective than praziquantel. Results of our study indicate that SkQ1 and flavonoids have high anthelmintic activities against the liver flukes. We propose that structure–activity relationship research might be worthwhile based on the structures of the most effective substances.

It has been found that N aqueous suspension of planar graphite nanoparticles exhibits properties of displacement fluid at the oil-water interface. Experiments with the Hele-Shaw cell showed that the process of oil displacement from the interface is not accompanied by the formation of viscous \"fingers\" as a result of development of instability at the oil-water interface.

The formation of supramolecular structures forming a transition region at the oil-nanofluid interface with a low surface tension is studied as a result of a synergistic effect in the interaction of planar graphene nanoparticles and silicon carbide nanoparticles coated with graphene layers (Core-shell). In model experiments on a Hele-Shaw cell, it was shown that in a porous medium such hybrid nanofluids have a high displacing ability of residual oil. At the same time, the oil - nanofluid interface remains stable, without the formation of sticky fingers. In the process of research using power electron microscopy, a transition region was observed, in the structuring of which nanoparticles were directly involved. The efficiency of displacement by hybrid nanofluid depends on the concentration of nanoparticles and their interaction.

In this paper, we propose a method of creating a wave-like corrugated surface from graphene nanoparticles. Due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, the graphene suspension flowing onto the melted paraffin forms a wave-like surface. The inhomogeneity wavelength λ can be controlled by changing the relative surface tension.

Physicochemical aspects of the gas-phase synthesis of nanopowders using a cyclic compression reactor are considered. Precursors (methane, ethylene, and acetylene) are compressed under conditions close to adiabatic ones in atmosphere of buffer monatomic gases (argon, helium, and neon). The effect of the pressure in the reactor and precursor/buffer gas volumetric ratio on the composition, morphology, and structure of carbon-containing particles (pyrolysis products) is studied. Complete pyrolysis is observed for all precursors but under different conditions. Thermal decomposition of methane, having the minimum enthalpy of formation, is observed in atmosphere with an argon content of 97.5% at a peak pressure of greater than 10 MPa. Helium shows limited possibilities for thermal relaxation under the conditions for fast reactions (<50 ms): only acetylene, having the maximum enthalpy of formation, is decomposed in the helium atmosphere. The solid reaction products represent black powders with a bulk density of 20–30 mg/cm 3 . The powders are studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, Raman scattering, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The particles represent either hollow or filled globular bulbous structures with a size of up to 100 nm. The X-ray diffraction analysis shows the presence of graphite-like crystallites with sizes of less than 10 nm in all samples. Raman analysis yields predominantly sp 2 hybridization of carbon. The cyclic compression method provides wide opportunities for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons aiming at the production of various carbon structures, which enables for the fine tuning in terms of the yield of carbon nanomaterials of the required morphology for practical use.