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إدوارد سعيد : سيرة فكرية
يركز مؤلفا الكتاب، الصادر مؤخرا عن دار الرافدين والذي ترجمه سهيل نجم، على محاولات سعيد المضنية لإعادة الاعتبار لصورة المثقف التي تعرضت بفعل (فاعل) للاهتزاز والتشويه. فقد دأبت السلطات الحاكمة في غرب ما بعد الكولونيالية على عزل المثقفين عن أي دور سياسي واجتماعي تغييري، مشجعة فكرة الناقد والمثقف المتخصص وعبادة الخبرة الاحترافية والإنتاج المعرفي المحض. ولقد واجه سعيد بكل قواه محاولة حصر المثقفين في محترفات أكاديمية منعزلة تماما عن حركة المجتمعات وعن الحياة التي تدور في الخارج، بحيث (تخلى النقد المعاصر عن جمهوره من مواطني المجتمع الحديث الذين تركوا بين أيدي قوى السوق الحرة والشركات المتعددة الجنسيات) وإذ يحاول المفكر المنخرط أكثر فأكثر في قضايا شعبه الفلسطيني الإفادة من تفكيكية فوكو ومن مقولة غرامشي حول المثقف العضوي، يأخذ على البنيوية بالمقابل عزلها للنصوص عن سياقها التاريخي ودلالاتها الاجتماعية ويوسع من جهة أخرى هامش الحرية المتروك للمبدعين المشتغلين في قضايا الأدب والفن وجماليات التعبير ولما كان حقل النقد عنده ليس منحصرا بتطوير النظريات الأسلوبية والأدبية بل هو في الوقت ذاته انشغال سياسي واجتماعي، فهو يلخص اقتراحه على النقد بمصطلح دنيوية الناقد The worldliness of the Critic، حيث إن من واجب هذا الأخير أن يخترق البنية الدلالية للنص بحثا عما يشغل النصوص من انهمام بالعالم وقضايا البشر ومعارضة قوى الهيمنة والاستحواذ : وهو لا يمكن أن ينجح تماما إلا في ظل علاقة تفاعلية وإيجابية بين النص والقارئ والناقد. وسعيد المغرم بابتكار المصطلحات يطرح فكرة الناقد (الهاوي) بدلا من الناقد الاحترافي، لا بالمعنى التسطيحي للمفردة بل بمعنى الشغف الدائم بالبحث عن الحقيقة بدلا من اليقين الفظ بامتلاكها.
BOOK
Stochastic thermodynamics of relativistic Brownian motion
Physical scenarios that require a relativistic treatment are ubiquitous in nature, ranging from cosmological objects to charge carriers in Dirac materials. Interestingly all of these situations have in common that the systems typically operate very far from thermal equilibrium. Therefore, if and how the framework of stochastic thermodynamics applies at relativistic energies is a salient question. In the present work we generalize the notions of stochastic heat and work for the relativistic Langevin equation and derive the fluctuation theorems without and with feedback. For processes with feedback we consider the ramifications of the lack of simultaneity of events in the inertial frames of observer and Brownian particles, and we argue that the framework of absolute irreversibility is instrumental to avoid acausal considerations. The analysis is concluded with a few remarks on potential experimental applications in graphene.
Journal Article
Transient response in a thermoelastic half-space solid due to a laser pulse under three theories with memory-dependent derivative
Enlightened by the Caputo fractional derivative, the present study deals with a novel mathematical model of generalized thermoelasticity to investigate the transient phenomena due to the influence of a non-Gaussian pulsed laser type heat source in a stress free isothermal half-space in the context of Lord–Shulman (LS), dual-phase lag (DPL), and three-phase lag (TPL) theories of thermoelasticity simultaneously. The memory-dependent derivative is defined in an integral form of a common derivative on a slipping interval by incorporating the memory-dependent heat transfer. Employing Laplace transform as a tool, the problem has been transformed to the space-domain, and it is then solved analytically. To get back all the thermophysical quantities as a function of real time, we use two Laplace inversion formulas, viz. Fourier series expansion technique (Honig in J Comput Appl Math10(1):113–132, 1984) and Zakian method (Electron Lett 6(21):677–679, 1970). According to the graphical representations corresponding to the numerical results, a comparison among LS, DPL, and TPL model has been studied in the presence and absence of a memory effect simultaneously. Moreover, the effects of a laser pulse have been studied in all the thermophysical quantities for different kernels (randomly chosen) and different delay times. Then, the results are depicted graphically. Finally, a comparison of results, deriving from the two numerical inversion formulas, has been made.
Journal Article
Role of Resonance Modes on Terahertz Metamaterials based Thin Film Sensors
We investigate thin film sensing capabilities of a terahertz (THz) metamaterial, which comprises of an array of single split gap ring resonators (SRRs). The top surface of the proposed metamaterial is covered with a thin layer of analyte in order to examine various sensing parameters. The sensitivity and corresponding figure of merit (FoM) of the odd and even resonant modes are analyzed with respect to different thicknesses of the coated analyte film. The sensing parameters of different resonance modes are elaborated and explained with appropriate physical explanations. We have also employed a semi-analytical transmission line model in order to validate our numerically simulated observations. Such study should be very useful for the development of metamaterials based sensing devices, bio-sensors etc in near future.
Journal Article
Finite element analysis in a fiber-reinforced cylinder due to memory-dependent heat transfer
Enlightened by the Caputo fractional derivative, the present study treats with a novel mathematical model of generalized thermoelasticity to investigate the transient phenomena for a fiber-reinforced hollow cylinder due to the influence of thermal shock and magnetic field in the context of a three-phase-lag model of generalized thermoelasticity, which is defined in an integral form of a common derivative on a slipping interval by incorporating the memory-dependent heat transfer. Employing Laplace transform as a tool, the problem has been transformed to the space domain, where the Galerkin finite element technique is incorporated to solve the resulting equations in the transformed domain. The inversion of the Laplace transform is carried out numerically on applying a method of Bellman et al. According to the graphical representations corresponding to the numerical results, conclusions about the new theory are constructed. Excellent predictive capability is demonstrated due to the presence of reinforcement, memory-dependent derivative, and magnetic field also.
Journal Article
Impact of ECMWF, NCEP, and NCMRWF global model analysis on the WRF model forecast over Indian Region
The global model analysis has significant impact on the mesoscale model forecast as global model provides initial condition (IC) and lateral boundary conditions (LBC) for the mesoscale model. With this objective, four operational global model analyses prepared from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS), NCEP Global Forecasting System (GFS), and National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) are used daily to generate IC and LBC of the mesoscale model during 13th December 2012 to 13th January 2013. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.4, broadly used for short-range weather forecast, is adopted in this study as mesoscale model. After initial comparison of global model analyses with Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) retrieved temperature and moisture profiles, daily WRF model forecasts initialized from global model analyses are compared with in situ observations and AIRS profiles. Results demonstrated that forecasts initialized from the ECMWF analysis are closer to AIRS-retrieved profiles and in situ observations compared to other global model analyses. No major differences are occurred in the WRF model forecasts when initialized from the NCEP GDAS and GFS analyses, whereas these two analyses have different spatial resolutions and observations used for assimilation. Maximum RMSD is seen in the NCMRWF analysis-based experiments when compared with AIRS-retrieved profiles. The rainfall prediction is also improved when WRF model is initialized from the ECMWF analysis compared to the NCEP and NCMRWF analyses.
Journal Article
Discovery of a deeply divergent new lineage of vine snake (Colubridae: Ahaetuliinae: Proahaetulla gen. nov.) from the southern Western Ghats of Peninsular India with a revised key for Ahaetuliinae
The Western Ghats are well known as a biodiversity hotspot, but the full extent of its snake diversity is yet to be uncovered. Here, we describe a new genus and species of vine snake Proahaetulla antiqua gen. et sp. nov., from the Agasthyamalai hills in the southern Western Ghats. It was found to be a member of the Ahaetuliinae clade, which currently comprises the arboreal snake genera Ahaetulla, Dryophiops, Dendrelaphis and Chrysopelea, distributed in South and Southeast Asia. Proahaetulla shows a sister relationship with all currently known taxa belonging to the genus Ahaetulla, and shares ancestry with Dryophiops. In addition to its phylogenetic position and significant genetic divergence, this new taxon is also different in morphology from members of Ahaetuliinae in a combination of characters, having 12-13 partially serrated keels on the dorsal scale rows, 20 maxillary teeth and 3 postocular scales. Divergence dating reveals that the new genus is ancient, dating back to the Mid-Oligocene, and is one of the oldest persisting monotypic lineages of snakes in the Western Ghats. This discovery adds to the growing list of ancient lineages endemic to the Agasthyamalai hills and underscores the biogeographic significance of this isolated massif in the southern Western Ghats.
Journal Article
AB1115 Systemic lupus erythematosus in paediatric population- a single centre study from india
Backgroundsystemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that can be manifest in paediatric polpulation in various ways. It is characterised by widespread inflammation of the blood vessels and connective tissues with positive autoantibodies. Though it is a chronic disease it can be fatal at times.Objectives1. To study the diversity in clinical and laboratory profile in paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients at a tertiary care centre in Kolkata.2. To identify the poor prognostic factors at the time of admission to the hospital.3. To quantify the drug related adverse effects in follow up.MethodsBoth old known cases and newly diagnosed cases of paediatric SLE who presented to our rheumatology follow up clinic over last 18 months were retrospectively reviewed for their clinical and immunological presentation.SLICC diagnostic criteria has been applied to define a positive case.ResultsA total number of 64 patients were evaluated, among which 54 were girls and 10 were boys with a sex ratio of 5.4:1 favouring girls. Mean age on presentation was 9.9 years with a range of 2.5 to 16 years. Among the clinical presentation fever (72%) was the most common symptom, followed by skin manifestation (68.8%), musculoskeletal involvement (53.1%), haematological involvement (37.5%). Renal involvement was seen in 35.9%, among which 59.1% had stage IV lupus nephritis, and central nervous system involvement was observed in 10.9%. Among immunological profile, ANA was positive in 95.3%, anti-double-stranded DNA was positive in92.1% and low complement levels were seen in 92.1%. Antiphospholipid antibody was seen in 7patients (n=21) and anti-Smith antibody in 3 (n=4). All the patients required therapy with steroids and hydroxychloroquine. Steroid sparing agents like azathioprine (54.7%), cyclophosphamide (28.1%), mycophenolate mofetil (23.4%), methotrexate (18.7%), and rituximab (10.9%) were also used.ConclusionsPaediatric SLE has got a varied presentation, and a high index of suspicion is needed for early diagnosis and timely management with multiple drugs of this dreadful diseaseDisclosure of InterestNone declared
Journal Article
Wet anisotropic etching characteristics of Si{111} in NaOH-based solution for silicon bulk micromachining
Silicon bulk micromachining is extensively employed method in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for the formation of freestanding (e.g., cantilevers) and fixed (e.g., cavities) microstructures. Wet anisotropic etching is a popular technique to perform silicon micromachining as it is low-cost, scalable, and suitable for large scale batch processing, which are the major factors considered in the industry to reduce the cost of the product. In this work, we report the wet anisotropic etching characteristics of Si{111} in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) without and with addition of hydroxylamine (NH2OH). 10M NaOH and 12% NH2OH are used for this study. The effect of NH2OH is investigated on the etch rate, etched surface roughness and morphology, and the undercutting at mask edges aligned along < 112 > direction. These are the major etching characteristics, which should be studied in a wet anisotropic etchant. A 3D laser scanning microscope is utilized to measure the surface roughness, etch depth, and undercutting length, while the etched surface morphology is examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The incorporation of NH2OH in NaOH significantly enhances the etch rate and the undercutting at the mask edges that do not consist of {111} planes. To fabricate freestanding structure (e.g., microcantilever) on Si{111} wafer, high undercutting at < 112 > mask edges is desirable to reduce the release time. Moreover, the effect of etchant age on the abovementioned etching characteristics are investigated. The etch rate and undercutting reduce significantly with the age of the modified NaOH. The present paper reports very interesting results for the applications in wet bulk micromachining of Si{111}.
Journal Article
A rare case of Japanese encephalitis-induced anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis
In view of recurrent neuropsychiatric disturbances, she was re-evaluated and found to have positive JE titers and anti-NMDAR titers in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). {Figure 1} The definitive diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis is based on the clinical manifestations, the CSF findings, the brain MRI, the EEG findings, and the presence of antibodies against the NR1 subunit of NMDARs. [1],[2],[3],[4] Research is warranted in the prospective evaluation of all viral encephalitis with autoimmune antibodies to study whether or not these antibodies are present during the phase of acute infection or during the relapse, as the presence of these antibodies during the occurrence of viral encephalitis may warrant adjuvant treatment with steroids along with antiviral drugs.
Journal Article