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Abstract The objective of this study was to extract personality prototypes from general population of Mexico and to compare subjective health indicators between these prototypes. Participants were 994 individuals (aged 14 to 63 years). Five personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness) were assessed with the NEO-FFI. Subjective indicators of health (self-rated health and psychological distress) were assessed with a question regarding health status and the GHQ-12. To verify the consistency of the prototypes, the sample was divided into two age groups, young (14 to 25 years) and mature (26 to 63 years.). Three stable prototypes were recovered from both groups. Resilient individuals (low neuroticism and high in other traits) had the best subjective health; the Non-Resilient individuals (high neuroticism and low in other traits) had the worst subjective health; and Self-Disciplined individuals (high conscientiousness and medium scores in other traits) were in the middle of these extremes in subjective health. Self-discipline and resilience were most discriminative in terms of subjective health. Findings are discussed in terms of the generalization of prototypes across cultures.

Background: Work engagement is defined as a positive, fulfilling, work-related state of mind characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. Even though volunteers at hospitals are deeply engaged in their unpaid work, there are no quick tools for measuring work engagement among these volunteers. The Ultra-short UWES-3 is a valuable research tool to measure engagement, indicating the need for its validation among volunteers. Several recent studies have explored the role of work engagement in volunteer work, mostly focusing on volunteers working in social and nonprofit settings. Little is known about how work engagement contributes to the well-being and quality of life of volunteers working in hospitals. Furthermore, in this context, the relationship between work engagement and burnout, referred to as a psychological syndrome of emotional exhaustion, is poorly understood. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the factor structure of the UWES-3, and to undercover possible associations between work engagement, well-being, quality of life, and burnout among volunteers. Methodology: This cross-sectional study collected self-reported anonymous data from adults connected to volunteer organizations in Guadalajara, Mexico. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the scale’s unidimensional structure. While well-being and quality of life were positively associated with work engagement, exhaustion showed the strongest negative relationship to work engagement. Discussion: Our results support the validity of the UWES-3 and suggest that work engagement contributes to well-being and quality of life, while exhaustion is negatively associated with work engagement. From a wider perspective, results from this study provide important insights to guide stakeholders, such as hospital administrators and volunteer organizations. Conclusions: Our findings support the validity of the UWES-3 among hospital volunteers, suggesting that the scale is an appropriate work engagement measure in this setting. This study provides a new understanding of the relationship between work engagement, burnout, and psychological variables among hospital volunteers.

Introducción: El distanciamiento social y la cuarentena han probado tener efectos negativos en la salud mental de las poblaciones, a saber: miedo, ansiedad, depresión y sintomatología de estrés postraumático. La resiliencia emerge como variable amortiguadora del impacto. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el impacto psicológico del COVID-19 en varios países latinoamericanos. Método: se obtuvo una muestra de 1184 participantes de México, Cuba, Chile, Colombia y Guatemala; cuya edad osciló entre 18 y 83 años (M = 38.78, DT = 13.81). Se aplicó una encuesta sobre síntomas médicos asociados al COVID-19 con tres instrumentos para evaluar: (1) síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, (2) impacto del evento y (3) resiliencia. Resultados: Las personas más jóvenes, con mayor cantidad de síntomas médicos y con mayores puntajes de impacto del evento tienden a presentar mayor sintomatología depresiva, ansiosa y estrés, siendo el impacto del evento el predictor más determinante. La resiliencia fue el predictor protector contra la depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran las diferencias en la respuesta psicológica ante la pandemia del COVID-19 en cada país, y sugieren la necesidad del desarrollo de políticas públicas enfocadas en la prevención y la promoción de la salud integral ante emergencias sanitarias.

Este trabajo pretende analizar las propiedades psicométricas del \"Cuestionario de cinco facetas de la conciencia plena\" (FFMQ-M) en México respondiendo a limitaciones metodológicas previas. Participaron 1210 estudiantes mexicanos y se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios multigrupos. El análisis factorial en la muestra de calibración ([n.sub.1]= 620) mostró como mejor modelo cuatro factores de primer orden (Ausencia de reacción, Ausencia de juicio, Actuación consciente y Descripción), sin la dimensión de Observación, agrupados en un factor de segundo orden (conciencia plena) con un total de 19 ítems. El análisis factorial con la muestra de validación ([n.sub.2]= 590) replicó el buen ajuste de este modelo y el análisis de invarianza indicó invarianza estricta. Finalmente, se analizó la validez concurrente de la conciencia plena con medidas de autoinforme de calidad y satisfacción con la vida, afecto positivo y depresivo y la percepción de situaciones/estímulos estresantes académicos. Estos resultados informan sobre los componentes de la conciencia plena en personas no meditadoras y su relación con diferentes indicadores de salud y bienestar.

This research article addresses the relationships among personality, risk perception, and health perception. The personality construct has been one of the main topics of research in psychology throughout history and is understood as the set of traits or cognitive, affective and behavioral characteristics that an individual possesses. Important relationships have been found that show the impact of personality on people's health as well as the impact of health conditions on the configuration of personality. This research investigates the perception of risk as a mediating trait between personality and perception of health. To achieve this, a cross-sectional study was conducted in which 398 Colombians from all regions of the country were evaluated. The NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Health Risk Perception Test (HRPT) tests were used. The data were analyzed with multiple regression and path analysis. The findings using multiple regression show that neuroticism and the personal meaning of risk affect the perception of health; however, using path analysis, model fit with the proposed model was not achieved with no mediator effect of perception of risk. It is necessary to focus on relationships between neuroticism and perception of health in future research.

The population’s behavioral responses to containment and precautionary measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have played a fundamental role in controlling the contagion. A comparative analysis of precautionary behaviors in the region was carried out. A total of 1184 people from Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Cuba, and Guatemala participated through an online survey containing a questionnaire on sociodemographic factors, precautionary behaviors, information about COVID-19, concerns, maintenance of confinement, and medical symptoms associated with COVID-19. Cubans reported the highest scores for information about COVID-19. Colombians reported less frequent usage of precautionary measures (e.g., use of masks), but greater adherence to confinement recommendations in general, in contrast to the low levels of these behaviors in Guatemalans. Chileans reported greater pandemic-related concerns and the highest number of medical symptoms associated with COVID-19. These findings allow a partial characterization of the Latin American population’s responses during the second and third phases of the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight the importance of designing and managing public health policies according to the circumstances of each population when facing pandemics.

Introduction: Social distancing and quarantine have proven to have negative effects on the mental health of populations, namely fear, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Resilience emerges as a buffering variable for such impact. The objective of this study was to compare the psychological impact of COVID-19 in several Latin American countries. Method: A sample of 1184 participants from Mexico, Cuba, Chile, Colombia and Guatemala was obtained; whose age ranged from 18 to 83 years old (M = 38.78, SD = 13.81). A survey on medical symptoms associated with COVID-19 and three instruments to evaluate: (1) depression, anxiety and stress, (2) impact of the event and (3) resilience were administered. Results: Younger people, with more symptoms associated with COVID-19 and those who reported higher scores of impact of event tended to present greater depressive, anxious and stress symptomatology. The impact of the event was the most determinant predictor. Resilience was protective against the impact of event, depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusions: The results show the differences in the psychological response to COVID-19 in each country and suggesting the need to develop public policies focused on prevention and promotion of integral health when facing sanitary emergencies.

The objective of this study was to extract personality prototypes from general population of Mexico and to compare subjective health indicators between these prototypes. Participants were 994 individuals (aged 14 to 63 years). Five personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness) were assessed with the NEO-FFI. Subjective indicators of health (self-rated health and psychological distress) were assessed with a question regarding health status and the GHQ-12. To verify the consistency of the prototypes, the sample was divided into two age groups, young (14 to 25 years) and mature (26 to 63 years.). Three stable prototypes were recovered from both groups. Resilient individuals (low neuroticism and high in other traits) had the best subjective health; the Non-Resilient individuals (high neuroticism and low in other traits) had the worst subjective health; and Self-Disciplined individuals (high conscientiousness and medium scores in other traits) were in the middle of these extremes in subjective health. Self-discipline and resilience were most discriminative in terms of subjective health. Findings are discussed in terms of the generalization of prototypes across cultures.

Este trabajo pretende analizar las propiedades psicométricas del \"Cuestionario de cinco facetas de la conciencia plena\" (FFMQ-M) en México respondiendo a limitaciones metodológicas previas. Participaron 1210 estudiantes mexicanos y se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios multigrupos. El análisis factorial en la muestra de calibración ([n.sub.1]= 620) mostró como mejor modelo cuatro factores de primer orden (Ausencia de reacción, Ausencia de juicio, Actuación consciente y Descripción), sin la dimensión de Observación, agrupados en un factor de segundo orden (conciencia plena) con un total de 19 ítems. El análisis factorial con la muestra de validación ([n.sub.2]= 590) replicó el buen ajuste de este modelo y el análisis de invarianza indicó invarianza estricta. Finalmente, se analizó la validez concurrente de la conciencia plena con medidas de autoinforme de calidad y satisfacción con la vida, afecto positivo y depresivo y la percepción de situaciones/estímulos estresantes académicos. Estos resultados informan sobre los componentes de la conciencia plena en personas no meditadoras y su relación con diferentes indicadores de salud y bienestar. PALABRAS CLAVE: conciencia plena, FFMQ, análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo, validación de escala. The aim of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire in Mexico (FFMQ-M) solving previous methodological limitations. A transversal study was carried out with 1210 Mexican students and a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was performed in Mplus 7.0. A confirmatory factor analysis in the calibration sample ([n.sub.1]= 620) indicated as best model a total of 19 items structured into four first order factors (Nonreacting against internal experiences, Nonjudging internal experiences, Acting with awareness, Describing own experiences), without Observing dimension, loading in a second order factor (mindfulness). This model also exhibited good model fit in a second confirmatory factor analysis in the validation sample ([n.sub.2]= 590). The invariance test indicated the existence of strict invariance. Finally, the concurrent validity between the indicators of mindfulness and the self-reported measures of life quality, life satisfaction, positive and depressive affect and the perception academic stressors was analyzed. These results provide information about the components of mindfulness and their relationship with health. KEY WORDS: mindfulness, FFMQ, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, scale validation.