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"Pan, Li"
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Notes on the factorisation of the Hilbert space for two-sided black holes in higher dimensions
A
bstract
In this paper, we investigate the Hilbert space factorisation problem of two-sided black holes in high dimensions. We demonstrate that the Hilbert space of two-sided black holes can be factorized into the tensor product of two one-sided bulk Hilbert spaces when the effect of non-perturbative replica wormholes is taken into account. We further interpret the one-sided bulk Hilbert space as the Hilbert space of a one-sided black hole. Therefore, since the Hilbert space of a two-sided black hole can be obtained from the tensor product of two single-sided black hole Hilbert spaces, we consider this as an embodiment of the ER=EPR conjecture, and we show when the entanglement between the two single-sided black holes is sufficiently strong, the (Lorentzian) geometry of a two-sided black hole will emerge.
Journal Article
The potential of coupled carbon storage and geothermal extraction in a CO2-enhanced geothermal system: a review
The increasing demand for energy makes it difficult to replace fossil fuels with low-carbon energy sources in the short term, and the large amount of CO2 emitted by fossil fuel combustion increases global warming. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies for reducing CO2 emissions in power plants and industrial processes have been developed. High costs and security issues limit industrial applications of these technologies, so an alternative for carbon reduction is needed, i.e., CO2 as a working fluid for coupled carbon storage and geothermal extraction in an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS). We describe the status of global carbon emissions, CCS technologies, and their challenges. The characteristics of CO2 as a working fluid are compared from thermophysical and thermodynamic perspectives, and the solubility of CO2 in reservoir fluids with different ionic strengths, pressures, and temperatures is analyzed. The influence of artificial stimulation on the permeability of an EGS reservoir is described. Through heat extraction experiment of water alternating supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) cycle injection, the effects of CO2–fluid–rock interactions on the reservoir’s structure and of mineral dissolution and precipitation on geological CO2 storage are analyzed. We summarize the application prospects for this alternative and the challenges of future application.
Journal Article
Gut microbiota in pancreatic diseases: possible new therapeutic strategies
Pancreatic diseases such as pancreatitis, type 1 diabetes and pancreatic cancer impose substantial health-care costs and contribute to marked morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have suggested a link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and pancreatic diseases; however, the potential roles and mechanisms of action of gut microbiota in pancreatic diseases remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the evidence that supports relationship between alterations of gut microbiota and development of pancreatic diseases, and discuss the potential molecular mechanisms of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of pancreatic diseases. We also propose current strategies toward gut microbiota to advance a developing research field that has clinical potential to reduce the cost of pancreatic diseases.
Journal Article
GS9 acts as a transcriptional activator to regulate rice grain shape and appearance quality
Identification of grain shape determining genes can facilitate breeding of rice cultivars with optimal grain shape and appearance quality. Here, we identify
GS9
(
Grain Shape Gene on Chromosome 9
) gene by map-based cloning. The
gs9
null mutant has slender grains, while overexpression
GS9
results in round grains.
GS9
encodes a protein without known conserved functional domain. It regulates grain shape by altering cell division. The interaction of GS9 and ovate family proteins OsOFP14 and OsOFP8 is modulated by OsGSK2 kinase, a key regulator of the brassinosteroids signaling pathway. Genetic interaction analysis reveals that
GS9
functions independently from other previously identified grain size genes. Introducing the
gs9
allele into elite rice cultivars significantly improves grain shape and appearance quality. It suggests potential application of
gs9
, alone or in combination with other grain size determining genes, in breeding of rice varieties with optimized grain shape.
Rice grain shape or size is an important trait associated with both yield and appearance quality. Here, the authors identify GS9 as a negative transcription regulator of slender grain and show it can improve grain shape and appearance independently from other previously identified grain size genes.
Journal Article
Virus-induced phytohormone dynamics and their effects on plant–insect interactions
Attacks on plants by both viruses and their vectors is common in nature. Yet the dynamics of the plant–virus–vector tripartite system, in particular the effects of viral infection on plant–insect interactions, have only begun to emerge in the last decade. Viruses can modulate the interactions between insect vectors and plants via the jasmonate, salicylic acid and ethylene phytohormone pathways, resulting in changes in fitness and viral transmission capacity of their insect vectors. Virus infection of plants may also modulate other phytohormones, such as auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, brassinosteroids and abscisic acid, with yet undefined consequences on plant–insect interactions. Moreover, virus infection in plants may incur changes to other plant traits, such as nutrition and secondary metabolites, that potentially contribute to virus-associated, phytohormone-mediated manipulation of plant–insect interactions. In this article, we review the research progress, discuss issues related to the complexity and variability of the viral modulation of plant interactions with insect vectors, and suggest future directions of research in this field.
Journal Article
Betaine in Inflammation: Mechanistic Aspects and Applications
Betaine is known as trimethylglycine and is widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Betaine is known to function physiologically as an important osmoprotectant and methyl group donor. Accumulating evidence has shown that betaine has anti-inflammatory functions in numerous diseases. Mechanistically, betaine ameliorates sulfur amino acid metabolism against oxidative stress, inhibits nuclear factor-κB activity and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, regulates energy metabolism, and mitigates endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Consequently, betaine has beneficial actions in several human diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease.
Journal Article
Global Prevalence of Nurse Turnover Rates: A Meta‐Analysis of 21 Studies from 14 Countries
Background . Nurses represent the largest occupational group within the health care system, comprising half of the global health workforce. Health care settings are facing severe shortages in countries worldwide, with nurse turnover being identified as the primary reason for this shortage. However, estimates of nurse turnover rates vary widely in the relevant literature. Objective . This meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the global nurse turnover rate since 2000 and provide evidence‐based assistance to health policy makers and hospital managers. Methods . A systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted for relevant articles from January 1, 2000, to February 1, 2023. This study included cross‐sectional, cohort, and longitudinal studies. In the meta‐analysis, further risk of bias, heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses were conducted. Stata 17.0 was used for all of the statistical analyses. Results . In total, 48,157 records were scrutinized in this study, and 21 investigations encompassing 213,314 nurses across 14 countries were eventually included. The global nurse turnover rate ranged between 8% and 36.6%, and the combined nurse turnover rate was 16% (95% confidence interval: 14%–17%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the turnover rate was 19% (95% CI: 14%–23%) in Asia and 15% (95% CI: 13%–17%) in North America. Conclusions . This meta‐analysis analysed the literature published from January 2020 to February 2023 and demonstrated that the global nurse turnover rate was 16%. It is suggested that all medical and health institutions actively adopt relevant systems that can reduce the turnover of nurses and promote a more harmonious, healthy, and safe occupational environment for nurses to strengthen the sustainable development capacity of the nurse workforce.
Journal Article
Roles and applications of probiotic Lactobacillus strains
Lactobacilli are recognized as probiotics on account of their health-promoting effects in the host. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge of the mechanisms of the adaption factors and main functions of lactobacilli that exert health-promoting effects in the host and to discuss important applications in animal and human health. The adaption mechanisms of lactobacilli facilitate interactions with the host and directly contribute to the beneficial nutritional, physiological, microbiological, and immunological effects in the host. Besides, the application of probiotic lactobacilli will increase our understanding of practical uses based on the roles of these organisms in immunoregulation, antipathogenic activities, and enhancement of the epithelial barrier.
Journal Article
Popular music in an age of globalization: cultural exchange through media platforms
The objective of this study is to analyze the process of cultural integration and exchange facilitated through the dissemination of popular music on contemporary media platforms amidst globalization. Special attention is devoted to the role of popular music as a catalyst for intercultural interaction and its influence on the formation of global cultural identity. The research was conducted through an online survey aimed at assessing the impact of diverse popular music exposure on the TikTok platform on participants’ intercultural perception and openness. Statistical methods were employed for data processing and analysis, including comparative analysis of means and calculation of t-scores. The experimental results demonstrated a statistically significant difference in responses between the control and experimental groups. The average composite score of cultural awareness, tolerance, and interest in other cultures was higher in the experimental group (M = 7.5 on a 10-point scale) compared to the control group (M = 6.8). This difference indicates a positive impact of exposure to diverse popular music on the TikTok media platform on the intercultural perception and openness of participants in the experimental group. The t-statistic value of −3.32 and the
p
-value less than 0.05 (
p
< 0.05) confirm the statistical significance of the detected difference between the groups. The practical significance of this article lies in confirming the importance of the role of popular music in fostering intercultural interaction and shaping global cultural identity amidst the digital transformation of media platforms. The research findings demonstrate that exposure to diverse popular music on TikTok contributes to increased cultural awareness, tolerance, and interest in other cultures among users. This may have practical implications for the development of a more open and understanding society, as well as for advertisers and cultural organizations who may utilize popular music as a tool to promote cultural integration and exchange of intercultural experiences.
Journal Article