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We have studied high light out-coupling efficiency top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TOLEDs) under the guidance of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. TOLED achieves an extraordinarily high light extraction efficiency at 468 nm, in deep-blue regions, of 49.70%, which is approximately 3.5 times that of the bottom light-emitting diode (BOLED) by changing the thickness of the organic layer and the position of the light-emitting layer in the FDTD simulation. Based on the simulation results, the TOLED with ultrahigh efficiency and narrow full width at half maximum is successfully fabricated, and the maximum external quantum efficiency of TOLED is almost 3.3 times that of the BOLED, which is perfectly consistent with the FDTD simulation results. Meanwhile, the shift of the electroluminescence spectrum of the TOLED is restricted within 10° in the angular-dependence test (0° to 80°). The optimized performance of the OLED indicates a new method to develop a high-performance device under the guidance of simulation.

Based on Chua’s chaotic oscillation circuit, a fifth-order chaotic circuit with two memristors is designed and its corresponding dimensionless mathematic model is established. By using conventional dynamical analysis methods, stability analysis of the equilibrium set of the circuit is performed, the distribution of stable and unstable regions corresponding to the memristor initial states is achieved, and the complex dynamical behaviors of the circuit depending on the circuit parameters and the memristor initial states are investigated. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed chaotic circuit with two memristors has an equilibrium set located on the plane constituted by the inner state variables of two memristors. The stability of the equilibrium set depends on both the circuit parameters and the initial states of the two memristors. Rich nonlinear dynamical phenomena, such as state transitions, transient hyperchaos and so on, are expected.

This paper demonstrates the lasing and transport properties of a green conjugated polymer, namely POFP. High photoluminescence yields and excellent electron transport of POFP film make it promising for gain media. Low threshold value of 4.0 μJ/cm 2 for amplified spontaneous emissions under a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 355 nm was obtained, as well as a high Q-factor of 159. An inverted waveguide microcavity scheme has been developed to fabricate diode-pumped organic solid lasers (OSLs) using POFP. Gain narrowing with significant radiance increase was observed in the devices, giving evidence of the interference enhancement induced by microcavity and the lasing properties of POFP.

This paper demonstrates the lasing and transport properties of a green conjugated polymer, namely POFP. High photoluminescence yields and excellent electron transport of POFP film make it promising for gain media. Low threshold value of 4.0 μJ/cm2 for amplified spontaneous emissions under a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 355 nm was obtained, as well as a high Q-factor of 159. An inverted waveguide microcavity scheme has been developed to fabricate diode-pumped organic solid lasers (OSLs) using POFP. Gain narrowing with significant radiance increase was observed in the devices, giving evidence of the interference enhancement induced by microcavity and the lasing properties of POFP.This paper demonstrates the lasing and transport properties of a green conjugated polymer, namely POFP. High photoluminescence yields and excellent electron transport of POFP film make it promising for gain media. Low threshold value of 4.0 μJ/cm2 for amplified spontaneous emissions under a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 355 nm was obtained, as well as a high Q-factor of 159. An inverted waveguide microcavity scheme has been developed to fabricate diode-pumped organic solid lasers (OSLs) using POFP. Gain narrowing with significant radiance increase was observed in the devices, giving evidence of the interference enhancement induced by microcavity and the lasing properties of POFP.

Inverted organic light-emitting diodes (IOLEDs) have a bottom cathode, making them convenient to integrate with the preferred n-type active matrix OLED driving technologies. Furthermore, inverted OLEDs show much better air-stability compared with conventional OLEDs, due to the very reactive and sensitive of alkali doped electron injection layer (EIL) towards ambient oxygen and moisture. For inverted OLEDs, the bottleneck to limit their efficiency and stability is the interface at cathode/EIL and light emitting layer (EML)/charge transporting layer. In this paper, we have investigated the effect of different electron/hole transporting layers on the turn-on voltage, efficiency roll-off and power consumption of inverted orange OLEDs. We found that the device exhibits extremely-low efficiency roll-off and a significant lifetime improvement.

We have improved the photovoltaic performance of 2,4-bis[4-(N,Ndiisobutylamino)- 2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine:[6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (DIBSQ:PC71BM) organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells via incorporating Liq-doped Bphen (Bphen-Liq) as a cathode buffer layer (CBL). Based on the Bphen-Liq CBL, a DIBSQ:PC71BM OPV cell possessed an optimal power conversion efficiency of 4.90%, which was 13% and 60% higher than those of the devices with neat Bphen as CBL and without CBL, respectively. The enhancement of the device performance could be attributed to the enhanced electron mobility and improved electrode/active layer contact and thus the improved photocurrent extraction by incorporating the Bphen-Liq CBL. Light-intensity dependent device performance analysis indicates that the incorporating of the Bphen-Liq CBL can remarkably improve the charge transport of the DIBSQ:PC71BM OPV cell and thus decrease the recombination losses of the device, resulting in enhanced device performance. Our finding indicates that the doped Bphen-Liq CBL has great potential for high-performance solution-processed small-molecule OPVs.

This work aimed to develop organic photocatalysts (PCs) that could mediate organocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) under visible light. Through the core-modification of known chromophoric structures and ring-locking to reach a conjugation extension, annulated N-aryl benzo[kl]acridines were identified as effective visible light-responsive photocatalysts. The corresponding selenium-doped structure showed excellent performance in the O-ATRP of methacrylates, which could afford polymer products with controlled molecular weights and low dispersities under the irradiation of visible light at a 100 ppm catalyst loading.

Background T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive disease with a high risk of induction failure and poor outcomes, with relapse due to drug resistance. Recent studies show that bromodomains and extra-terminal (BET) protein inhibitors are promising anti-cancer agents. ARV-825, comprising a BET inhibitor conjugated with cereblon ligand, was recently developed to attenuate the growth of multiple tumors in vitro and in vivo. However, the functional and molecular mechanisms of ARV-825 in T-ALL remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanism of ARV-825 in T-ALL. Methods Expression of the BRD4 were determined in pediatric T-ALL samples and differential gene expression after ARV-825 treatment was explored by RNA-seq and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. T-ALL cell viability was measured by CCK8 assay after ARV-825 administration. Cell cycle was analyzed by propidium iodide (PI) staining and apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V/PI staining. BRD4, BRD3 and BRD2 proteins were detected by western blot in cells treated with ARV-825. The effect of ARV-825 on T-ALL cells was analyzed in vivo. The functional and molecular pathways involved in ARV-825 treatment of T-ALL were verified by western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Results BRD4 expression was higher in pediatric T-ALL samples compared with T-cells from healthy donors. High BRD4 expression indicated a poor outcome. ARV-825 suppressed cell proliferation in vitro by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis, with elevated poly-ADP ribose polymerase and cleaved caspase 3. BRD4, BRD3, and BRD2 were degraded in line with reduced cereblon expression in T-ALL cells. ARV-825 had a lower IC50 in T-ALL cells compared with JQ1, dBET1 and OTX015. ARV-825 perturbed the H3K27Ac-Myc pathway and reduced c-Myc protein levels in T-ALL cells according to RNA-seq and ChIP. In the T-ALL xenograft model, ARV-825 significantly reduced tumor growth and led to the dysregulation of Ki67 and cleaved caspase 3. Moreover, ARV-825 inhibited cell proliferation by depleting BET and c-Myc proteins in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions BRD4 indicates a poor prognosis in T-ALL. The BRD4 degrader ARV-825 can effectively suppress the proliferation and promote apoptosis of T-ALL cells via BET protein depletion and c-Myc inhibition, thus providing a new strategy for the treatment of T-ALL.

The prognostic impact of immunosuppressant therapies for cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), along with the outcomes and prognosis of children with relapsed/refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) undergoing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, varies across populations. However, studies specifically focusing on these factors in the pediatric B-ALL population remain limited. We investigated the effects of immunosuppressants on outcome efficacy and prognosis in a retrospective cohort of 120 patients treated with CAR T-cell infusion at a single institution from March 2017 to August 2023. The 30-day complete response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and event-free survival (EFS) were evaluated. The median age of the patients was 8.0 years (range, 2.2-18.0 years). Following CAR T-cell therapy, 91.67% of patients developed CRS and 25.83% developed ICANS. At 1 month after CAR T-cell infusion, 70.83% of patients received tocilizumab (TCZ), 24.17% received ruxolitinib (RUX), and 50.83% received glucocorticoids (GC) for CRS or ICANS management. By day 30, 92.08% of patients achieved a complete response. The complete-response rates did not differ between the GC and non-GC, TCZ and non-TCZ, or RUX and non-RUX groups. The median follow-up time was 20.6 months (range, 4.26-38.82 months). OS, EFS, and PFS did not significantly differ between the RUX and non-RUX or TCZ and non-TCZ groups. However, patients receiving low-dose GC (≤ 8 mg kg ¹) exhibited better PFS than the non-GC group, with multivariable analysis demonstrating low-dose GC as an independent protective factor for PFS (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.21-0.96). In the context of CRS/ICANS management, low-dose GC independently confers long-term PFS benefits to pediatric B-ALL patients without compromising CAR T-cell activity when using appropriate GC, TCZ, or RUX regimens.

Purpose To compare radiographic parameters, and functional and surgical outcomes between lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and lumbar adult idiopathic scoliosis (AdIS). Methods A retrospective study was performed to identify Lenke 5c type AIS and AdIS patients from our scoliosis database who had undergone posterior surgical treatment for scoliosis. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 22 patients were included in AdIS group, and 44 matched patients in AIS group. AdIS group had significantly larger L3 and L4 tilt and translation than AIS group ( P  < 0.05). AdIS group had larger T10-L2 angle and smaller T5–T12 angle ( P  < 0.05). AdIS group had higher VAS scores ( P  < 0.05) and pain domain of SRS-22 scores ( P  < 0.05) as compared to AIS group. Correlation analysis demonstrated positive relationship between VAS scores and T10-L2 angle ( r  = 0.492, P  < 0.05). AdIS group was fused longer than AIS group ( P  < 0.05). Cobb angle of TL/L curve was larger and correction ratio was smaller at AdIS group ( P  < 0.05). AdIS group still had significantly larger L3 and L4 tilt and translation than AIS group ( P  < 0.05). CT measurements demonstrated larger postoperative vertebral body rotation at apical vertebrae and LIV at AdIS group ( P  < 0.05). Vertebral correction ratio was smaller at AdIS group ( P  < 0.05). Conclusion Lenke 5c AdIS patients had greater preoperative and postoperative L3 and L4 tilt and translation, as well as less correction of major curve and vertebral body derotation than AIS patients. However, the incidence of adding-on was similar between the two groups.