Explore the vast range of titles available.

We discuss the positive indications of a possible dark matter signal in direct detection experiments in terms of a mechanism of interaction between the dark matter particle and the nuclei occurring via the exchange of a light mediator, resulting in a long-range interaction. We analyze the annual modulation results observed by the DAMA and CoGeNT experiments and the observed excess of events of CRESST. In our analysis, we discuss the relevance of uncertainties related to the velocity distribution of galactic dark matter and to the channeling effect in NaI. We find that a long-range force is a viable mechanism, which can provide full agreement between the reconstructed dark matter properties from the various experimental data sets, especially for masses of the light mediator in the 10-30 MeV range and a light dark matter with a mass around 10 GeV. The relevant bounds on the light mediator mass and scattering cross section are then derived, should the annual modulation effects be due to this class of long-range forces.

A multi-TeV muon collider offers a spectacular opportunity in the direct exploration of the energy frontier. Offering a combination of unprecedented energy collisions in a comparatively clean leptonic environment, a high energy muon collider has the unique potential to provide both precision measurements and the highest energy reach in one machine that cannot be paralleled by any currently available technology. The topic generated a lot of excitement in Snowmass meetings and continues to attract a large number of supporters, including many from the early career community. In light of this very strong interest within the US particle physics community, Snowmass Energy, Theory and Accelerator Frontiers created a cross-frontier Muon Collider Forum in November of 2020. The Forum has been meeting on a monthly basis and organized several topical workshops dedicated to physics, accelerator technology, and detector R&D. Findings of the Forum are summarized in this report.

New bounds on decaying Dark Matter are derived from the gamma-ray measurements of (i) the isotropic residual (extragalactic) background by Fermi and (ii) the Fornax galaxy cluster by H.E.S.S. We find that those from (i) are among the most stringent constraints currently available, for a large range of dark matter masses and a variety of decay modes, excluding half-lives up to about 10^26 to few 10^27 seconds. In particular, they rule out the interpretation in terms of decaying dark matter of the e+/- spectral features in PAMELA, Fermi and H.E.S.S., unless very conservative choices are adopted. We also discuss future prospects for CTA bounds from Fornax which, contrary to the present H.E.S.S. constraints of (ii), may allow for an interesting improvement and may become better than those from the current or future extragalactic Fermi data.

Dwarf spheroidal galaxies are among the most promising targets for detecting signals of Dark Matter (DM) annihilations. The H.E.S.S. experiment has observed five of these systems for a total of about 130 hours. The data are re-analyzed here, and, in the absence of any detected signals, are interpreted in terms of limits on the DM annihilation cross section. Two scenarios are considered: i) DM annihilation into mono-energetic gamma-rays and ii) DM in the form of pure WIMP multiplets that, annihilating into all electroweak bosons, produce a distinctive gamma-ray spectral shape with a high-energy peak at the DM mass and a lower-energy continuum. For case i), upper limits at 95\\% confidence level of about \\(\\langle \\sigma v \\rangle \\lesssim 3 \\times 10^{-25}\\) cm\\(^3\\) s\\(^{-1}\\) are obtained in the mass range of 400 GeV to 1 TeV. For case ii), the full spectral shape of the models is used and several excluded regions are identified, but the thermal masses of the candidates are not robustly ruled out.

We present the activities of the \"New Physics\" working group for the \"Physics at TeV Colliders\" workshop (Les Houches, France, 30 May-17 June, 2011). Our report includes new agreements on formats for interfaces between computational tools, new tool developments, important signatures for searches at the LHC, recommendations for presentation of LHC search results, as well as additional phenomenological studies.

Objectives Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is considered the treatment of choice for abdominal aortic aneurysms with suitable anatomy. In order to improve radiation safety, European Directive (2013/59) requires member states to implement diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in radio-diagnostic and interventional procedures. This study aimed to determine local DRLs for EVAR across five European centres and identify an interim European DRL, which currently remains unestablished. Methods Retrospective data was collected for 180 standard EVARs performed between January 2014 and July 2015 from five specialist centres in Ireland (n=2) and Italy (n=3). Data capture included: air kerma-area product (P KA ), total air kerma at the reference point (K a,r ), fluoroscopic time (FT), number of acquisitions, frame rate of acquisition, type of acquisition, patient height, weight, and gender. Results The mean values for each site A, B, C, D, and E were: P KA s of 4343 ± 994 μGym 2 , 18,200 ± 2141 μGym 2 , 11,423 ± 1390 μGym 2 , 7796 ± 704 μGym 2 , 31,897 ± 5798 μGym 2 ; FTs of 816 ± 92 s, 950 ± 150 s, 708 ± 70 s, 972 ± 61 s, 827 ± 118 s; and number of acquisitions of 6.72 ± 0.56, 10.38 ± 1.54, 4.74 ± 0.19, 5.64 ± 0.36, 7.28 ± 0.65, respectively. The overall pooled 75th percentile P KA was 15,849 μGym 2 . Conclusion Local reference levels were identified. The pooled data has been used to establish an interim European DRL for EVAR procedures. Key Points • Abdominal endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) requires the use of ionising radiation. • EVAR is a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. • Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are used to monitor patient radiation exposure. • Radiation dose data was collected from five European centres for EVAR procedures. • Local DRLs have been determined and an interim European DRL is proposed.

A key component of social work ethics is social justice and equitable access to resources. Increasingly, this includes access to technology. This study addresses issues related to the ‘digital divide’ by testing a peer tutor model (Technology and Aging Project, TAP2) to teach adults aged 60 and older how to use information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as email, the internet, online chat rooms and discussion groups, internet-based support groups, and voice technology and webcams. Participants from the control group of a previous programme, TAP1 (N=19) participated in a six-month computer training programme. Six participants who had successfully completed the TAP1 training were selected to be peer tutors. Data were collected from tutors and learners at baseline, three months, six months and nine months (three months after the end of training). The current study reports on learner outcomes only. Measures include computer, social support, and mental health-related outcomes. Learners reported a significant and consistent increase over time in their confidence completing certain computer-related tasks and their overall use of ICTs. Mental health and social support outcomes did not change. Overall, the peer tutor model appeared to be at least as effective as the previous staff-directed model.

This work addresses the problem of blind image deblurring, that is, of recovering an original image observed through one or more unknown linear channels and corrupted by additive noise. We resort to an iterative algorithm, belonging to the class of Bussgang algorithms, based on alternating a linear and a nonlinear image estimation stage. In detail, we investigate the design of a novel nonlinear processing acting on the Radon transform of the image edges. This choice is motivated by the fact that the Radon transform of the image edges well describes the structural image features and the effect of blur, thus simplifying the nonlinearity design. The effect of the nonlinear processing is to thin the blurred image edges and to drive the overall blind restoration algorithm to a sharp, focused image. The performance of the algorithm is assessed by experimental results pertaining to restoration of blurred natural images.

Since the science white paper of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) published on arXiv in 2019 [e-Print: 1905.02773 (astro-ph.HE)], LHAASO has completed the transition from a project to an operational gamma-ray astronomical observatory LHAASO is a new generation multi-component facility located in Daocheng, Sichuan province of China, at an altitude of 4410 meters. It aims at measuring with unprecedented sensitivity the spectrum, composition, and anisotropy of cosmic rays in the energy range between 10\\(^{12}\\) and 10\\(^{18}\\)~eV, and acting simultaneously as a wide aperture (one stereoradiant) continuously operating gamma-ray telescope in the energy range between 10\\(^{11}\\) and \\(10^{15}\\)~eV with the designed sensitivity of 1.3\\% of the Crab Unit (CU) above 100 TeV. LHAASO's capability of measuring simultaneously different shower components (electrons, muons, and Cherenkov/fluorescence light), will allow it to investigate the origin, acceleration, and propagation of CR through measurement of the energy spectrum, elemental composition, and anisotropy with unprecedented resolution. The remarkable sensitivity of LHAASO will play a key role in CR physics and gamma-ray astronomy for a general and comprehensive exploration of the high energy universe and will allow important studies of fundamental physics (such as indirect dark matter search, Lorentz invariance violation, quantum gravity) and solar and heliospheric physics. The LHAASO Collaboration organized an editorial working group and finished all editorial work of this science book, to summarize the instrumental features and outline the prospects of scientific researches with the LHAASO experiment.