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Key Clinical Message Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a rare developmental anomaly characterized by poorly developed or absent tooth enamel, which complicates orthodontic treatment due to weak enamel‐bracket bond strength. This case report presents a successful management of AI using fixed orthodontic appliances and prosthodontic rehabilitation. Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) causes enamel defects, complicating oral hygiene, reducing masticatory function and lowering self‐esteem. This case report details an 18‐year‐old female with AI who underwent fixed orthodontic treatment followed by prosthodontic rehabilitation. The multidisciplinary approach restored function and aesthetics, significantly improving her quality of life. Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes in a Patient with Amelogenesis Imperfecta, Pre and Post‐treatment Comparison.

Several drugs now employed in cancer therapy were discovered as a result of anticancer drug research based on natural products. Here, we reported the in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity followed by in silico anticancer and estrogen-like activity of Psidium guajava L. essential oil against ER-α receptors which lead to potential inhibitory action against breast cancer pathways. Methods: The bioactive compounds in guava essential oil were screened using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Similarly, the antioxidant properties of the extracted oil were evaluated using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay. Furthermore, the in vitro anticancer activity of guava oil was observed through the MTT assay and an in silico molecular docking experiment was also carried out to ensure that they fit into the estrogen receptors (ERs) and possess anticancer potential. Results: The GC–MS profile of the essential oil revealed the presence of 17 chemicals, with limonene (51.3%), eucalyptol (21.3%), caryophyllene oxide (6.2%), caryophyllene (5.6%), and nerolidol (4.5%) occupying more than one-third of the chromatographic spectrum zone. Guava leaves’ essential oil (EO) inhibited DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and exhibited concentration dependent free radical scavenging activity, acting as a potent antioxidant with an IC50 value of 29.3 ± 0.67 µg/mL. The outcome of the MTT assay showed that the extracted guava oil had nearly the same efficacy against breast and liver cancer cells at a low concentration (1 µg/mL), giving 98.3 ± 0.3% and 98.5 ± 0.4% cell viability against HepG2 at 1 µg/mL, respectively. When the concentration of essential oil was increased, it showed a small reduction in the percentage of viable cells. While conducting an in silico study of all the screened compounds, the potential for hydroxycaryophyllene, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, humulene, terpineol, and calamenene to inhibit tumor growth was bolstered due to a resemblance to 4-hydroxytamoxifen, thereby implying that these compounds may act as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). The ADME analysis of the compounds indicated above revealed that they exhibit excellent drug likeness properties and follow the Lipinski rule of five. Conclusions: Consequently, they have a substantial anticancer therapeutic potential and can be used for novel drug discovery in the effort to minimize the global burden of breast cancer.

Aim. The study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial potency of Mimosa pudica found wildly in the Terai region of Nepal and assess its physicochemical properties, such as total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Materials and Methods. The physicochemical properties of ethyl acetate extract of Mimosa pudica (EAMP), such as extractive value, total ash content, loss on drying, and phytochemical screening, were calculated using standard protocols. The TPC was determined by using the Folin–Ciocalteu method taking gallic acid as standard, and TFC was conducted by using the AlCl3 colorimetric method, using a 96-well plate reader. The in vitro antibacterial activity of different concentrations of the extract against four bacterial ATCC strains was determined by the agar well diffusion method in the Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) medium. The in silico molecular docking model was used to ascertain the antibacterial potency of L-mimosine against the selected strains of bacteria used for the in vitro study by calculating the binding affinity towards the protein of bacteria. Results. The preliminary screening of the extract showed the presence of several phytochemicals. The total ash content (7.67%), loss on drying (2.30%), and extractive value (8.966%) were determined by analyzing the crude sample. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 418.640 ± 0.018 mg GAE/g (dried extract) and 14.126 ± 0.021 mg QE/g (dried extract), respectively. The extract showed a potent free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 158.95 ± 1.12 µg/mL. The plant extract also demonstrated the antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (15 mm) and Bacillus cereus (22 mm) and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (17 mm) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (16 mm) at 200 mg/mL concentration of extract. There was a noteworthy binding affinity of antibiotics with almost all selected bacterial proteins with binding energy against Escherichia coli DNA gyrase subunit B (−5.7 kcal/mol), Staphylococcus aureus DNA gyrase subunit B (−6.1 kcal/mol), Bacillus cereus metallothiol transferase (−5.2 kcal/mol), and Klebsiella pneumoniaebeta-lactamase (−6.1 kcal/mole), respectively, with the L-mimosine. Conclusion. The findings of the current study suggest that Mimosa pudica from the Terai region of Nepal is rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, has a significant impact on bacterial growth inhibition, and has a notable potential to scavenge free radicals (DPPH). According to the in silico analysis, L-mimosine is a potent antibacterial compound that might be utilised to discover novel antibacterial drugs to combat antibiotic resistance.

Perovskite being a wide bandgap material has shown profound impact as an active material for the use of top cell in the tandem solar cell. However, finding a suitable low-bandgap material for the bottom cell of the perovskite associated tandem solar cell has always been a concern for researchers. Over the last decade, several materials for designing of the bottom cell have been reported as a combination to perovskite for superior efficiency. In this paper, a novel perovskite/Mg 2 Si based monolithic tandem solar cell is reported through numerical simulations using AFROS-HET v2.5. The reported device shows 25% efficiency prior to optimization. However, the structure of the device has been optimized to obtain better results in terms of efficiency by varying active layer thickness and using different electron/hole transport materials. About 8% improvement in efficiency has been noticed by the selection of optimum design parameters. Further, to account for the temperature reliability of the proposed design, the device is simulated for a temperature range of 300 K–450 K. This study highlights a drop-in open-circuit voltage ( V OC ) by a factor of about 0.1 V with an increase in temperature by about 50 K. Results clearly establish that structural and temperature variations significantly affect overall device performance. Results have been suitably analyzed so as to set a roadmap for further research work in this direction and explore the best of the characteristics of this unique tandem solar cell structure.

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of cyberbullying and its association with depression, anxiety and stress among female adolescents attending higher secondary schools in Deumai Municipality, Nepal.DesignCross-sectional survey study.SettingThe survey was conducted at all available higher secondary schools of Deumai Municipality, Ilam District, Nepal, from February to April 2022.ParticipantsA total of 501 female adolescents enrolled in grades 11 and 12 were included in the study. All eligible participants available on the day of data collection were approached until the calculated sample size was reached.Outcome measuresThe study assessed the prevalence of cyberbullying victimisation, along with the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress and their associated factors. The level of psychological distress was explored using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Pearson’s χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to determine the association between psychological distress and related variables, including cyberbullying victimisation, at 95% CI and 5% level of significance.ResultsNearly a third (32.5%) of the female adolescents included in the study had experienced cyberbullying. The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 46.5%, 52.7% and 34.9%, respectively. Cyberbullying victims were observed to have increased odds of experiencing depression (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.64, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.42), anxiety (aOR: 2.49, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.70) and stress (aOR: 2.59, 95% CI 1.74 to 3.86) in comparison with non-victims.ConclusionCyberbullying victims are significantly more likely to experience psychological distress. There is an urgent need to strengthen cybersecurity and to have strong legislative measures to address cyberbullying in order to safeguard the mental health of adolescents in the digital age.

The marine macroalgae produce a collection of bioactive polysaccharides, of which the sulfated heteropolysaccharide fucoidan produced by brown algae of the class Phaeophyceae has received worldwide attention because of its particular biological actions that confer nutritional and health benefits to humans and animals. The biological actions of fucoidan are determined by their structure and chemical composition, which are largely influenced by the geographical location, harvest season, extraction process, etc. This review discusses the structure, chemical composition and physicochemical properties of fucoidan. The biological action of fucoidan and its applications for human health, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and drug delivery are also addressed. The industrial scenario and prospects of research depicted would give an insight into developing fucoidan as a commercially viable and sustainable bioactive material in the nutritional and pharmacological sectors.

A multijunction or tandem technique comprising a wide bandgap top cell and a narrow bandgap bottom cell may be a major stepping stone in an attempt to obtain high-efficiency solar cells. However, easier said than done, it takes a lot to correctly optimize the structure of all the involved layers so as to possibly obtain the desired results. In this paper, a perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 )/FeSi 2  (p-i-n structure) 2-terminal (2-T) monolithic tandem solar cell is proposed and investigated using AFORS-HET v2.5 1D simulator. A hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H)/hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon oxide ( µ c-Si 1− x O x :H) tunnel recombination junction is employed to interconnect both perovskite and FeSi 2  solar cell for current matching. The influence of both top and bottom absorber layer thickness is analyzed to optimize the device performance. The study reveals an optimized 26.3% efficient perovskite/FeSi 2  monolithic tandem solar cell with J SC  (21.4 mA cm −2 ), V OC  (1.63 V), and FF (74.86%). The results in this paper suggest FeSi 2  material with 0.87 eV bandgap as an alternative for narrow bandgap bottom cell for the perovskite-based tandem solar cells so as to obtain much higher efficiencies.

Lightweight, porous, high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and fire-resistant materials are highly demanded in aerospace and defense applications. Due to the lightweight, open porosity and high surface area, carbon foam has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for EMI shielding applications. In the present investigation, we demonstrate the development of novel carbon-red mud hybrid foams with excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (SE). The carbon-red mud hybrid foams are prepared using phenolic resin as a carbon source and red mud (industrial waste) as filler. We observed that the inclusion of red mud in carbon-red mud hybrid foams significantly enhances their dielectric, magnetic, EMI shielding and thermal properties. The EMI shielding results show that absorption is the main contributor to the total EMI SE. The maximum total EMI shielding effectiveness is achieved to be 51.4 dB in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz for carbon-red mud hybrid foam having 20 wt. % of red mud. The CF-RM20 also showed excellent fire resistance and high thermal stability at elevated temperatures.