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Background/Objectives: Curcumin, the principal bioactive component of Curcuma longa, is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Despite its therapeutic potential, curcumin exhibits poor oral bioavailability due to low solubility, rapid metabolism, and limited gastrointestinal absorption. Various delivery systems have been developed to overcome these limitations. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic profile of AQUATURM®, a novel, water-soluble curcumin formulation, with that of a widely available commercial curcumin supplement. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, two-period crossover study was conducted in 12 healthy adult participants (6 male, 6 female; aged 20–45 years). Each participant received a single oral dose of either AQUATURM® or the comparator product, followed by a 7-day washout period before receiving the alternate treatment. Blood samples were collected at multiple time points over a 12-h period post-dosing. Plasma curcumin concentrations were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results: AQUATURM® achieved a significantly higher systemic exposure compared to the comparator, with a more than 7-fold increase in area under the curve (AUC0–12h) and higher peak plasma concentrations (Cmax). AQUATURM® also maintained detectable curcumin levels for the full 12-h observation period, whereas levels from the comparator fell below quantification limits in most participants after 4 h. Conclusions: AQUATURM® significantly enhances curcumin bioavailability in humans compared to a standard curcumin formulation. These pharmacokinetic improvements support its potential for greater clinical efficacy and warrant further evaluation in therapeutic setting

Fascioliasis, a zoonotic disease, involves complex transmission across humans, animals, snails, and the environment. This study presents a fractional-order model using the Caputo-Katugampola derivative to capture memory effects in disease dynamics. The model, a system of nine fractional differential equations, is solved using the Chebyshev spectral method, with convergence ensured through rigorous analysis. We prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions via the Banach fixed-point theorem. Stability analysis derives the basic reproduction number , assessing disease-free and endemic equilibria. Sensitivity analysis identifies key parameters influencing transmission, informing control strategies. Numerical simulations illustrate the time evolution of all compartments, providing insights into fascioliasis dynamics. This framework enhances understanding of zoonotic disease epidemiology and demonstrates the utility of fractional calculus in modeling memory-dependent systems, offering a robust tool for studying infectious diseases.

Turmeric ( ) is reported to possess wide array of biological activities. Herbal Medicament (HM) is a standardized hexane-soluble fraction of and is well known for its neuroprotective effect. In this study, we attempted to synthesize a novel chemically modified bioactive fraction from HM (NCCL) along with isolation and characterization of a novel marker compound (I). NCCL was prepared from HM. The chemical structure of the marker compound isolated from NCCL was determined from 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared. The compound so isolated was subjected to and screenings to test its inhibitory effect on estrogen receptors. Molecular docking studies revealed that the binding poses of the compound I was energetically favorable. Among NCCL and compound I taken for studies, NCCL had exhibited good anti-cancer activity over compound I against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, DU-145, and PC-3 cells. This is the first study about the synthesis of a chemically modified bioactive fraction which used a standardized extract since the preparation of the HM. It may be concluded that NCCL fraction having residual components induce more cell death than compound I alone. Thus, NCCL may be used as a potent therapeutic drug. In the present paper, a standardized hexane soluble fraction of (HM) was chemically modified to give a novel bioactive fraction (NCCL). A novel marker compound was isolated from NCCL and was characerized using various spectral techniques. The compound so isolated was investigated for screenings. NCCL and isolated compound was subjected to anti-cancer screenings against MCF 7, MDA MB 231 (breast adenocarcinoma) and DU 145 and PC 3 cell lines (androgen independent human prostate cancer cells). The virtual screenings reveals that isolated compound has shown favourable drug like properties. NCCL fraction having residual components induces more cell death in these four cancer cell lines than isolated compound alone. HM: Herbal Medicament; NCCL: Chemically modified HM; FT-IR: Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy; NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; MS: Mass spectroscopy; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; ER: Estrogen receptor; MTT: 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; TAM: Tamoxifen KBr: Potassium bromide; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; ACN: Acetonitrile; PDB: Protein Data Bank; PDA: Photodiode array detector.

Recent reports on nanoparticles rise significantly as they possess numerous applications in medical, material science, optics, and bioscience etc. Nanoparticles show unique properties as they are an inter-linker between bulk materials and atomic structures. On behalf of large surface area of nanoparticles, they are utilized to a greater extent that leads to contribute in making small bulk of the nanoparticles. Varieties of procedures are already reported but they have too much drawbacks like release of toxic by-products that are hazardous to the environment. To address all these problems, greener method such as plant extract was introduced. In India, Glycyrrhiza glabra, a small traditional perennial herb was used to cure sore throat, cough, ulcers and hepatitis. Hence, the aforementioned plant extract was used to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles. The green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were analysed to study their morphology and other salient characters by the utilization of UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM and TEM analysis. In this present study, utilization of this green synthesized ZnO NPs in the photo degradation of azo dyes (Congo red and amaranth dyes) and kinetic expressions were reported. These findings revealed good photocatalytic activity against the azo dyes (Congo red and Amaranth dyes) and an excellent photocatalyst for Congo red dye degradation. This synthetic approach is environmental friendly and can provide new techniques in the management of pollutants.

In this article, we apply the newly introduced numerical method which is a combination of Sumudu transforms and Homotopy analysis method for the solution of time fractional third order dispersive type PDE equations. It is also discussed generalized algorithm, absolute convergence and analytic result of the finite number of independent variables including time variable.

The hepatitis B virus × protein (HBx) of Hepatitis B virus activates AP-1 protein and causes the down regulation of PTEN (full name) and p53 leads to the tumor formation in liver. In this study, the interactions between DNA and AP-1 have been targeted by docking of natural compounds epigallocatechine gallate (EGCG), curcumin, luteoline, genistein, ellagic acid, resveratrol, lupeol, betulinic acid and lycopene. Green Tea ( Camellia sinensis ) possesses anticancer property. EGCG obtained from green tea shows favourable binding with AP-1 protein among all natural compounds. It is necessary to target DNA binding domain which binds at DNA to induce the expression of p53 and PTEN gene. EGCG have shown interaction at these positions, which may minimize down regulation of p53 and PTEN gene. To increase the binding affinity and bioavailability of EGCG, derivatives have been designed by mimicking the position of H and OH group. One of acetylated derivative EGCG15, made by replacing OH group by OCOCH 3 shows better affinity than other derivatives and binds at amino acid Asp 163(G), Ser 278(F), Lys 282(F), Arg 288(F) with six hydrogen bonds and −5.60 kcal/mol energy. Affinity of EGCG with AP-1 protein was greatly enhanced in methoxy derivative EGCG05 which binds at Asp 163, Asp 170, Ser 278, Arg 281, and Arg 288 with eight hydrogen bonds and −6.30 kcal/mol energy (energy complex). Substitution of OH by OCOCH 3 increases bioavailability after sequential addition at various positions in EGCG leads in silico. These derivatives also show better affinity, but less than methoxy (OCH 3 ) derivative. Substitution by OCH 3 leads to slight increment of 6 % in oral absorption. Substitution by NH 2 group leads to no changes in oral absorption or bioavailability. This may lead to inhibition of AP-1 protein which down regulates tumor suppressor gene p53 and PTEN.

Flavonoid-rich extract of the plant is long known for its anti-diabetic activities in traditional medicine. S002-853, a new flavone derivative synthesized by Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) has been used for the present study. The present study aimed at development of an assay method for quality control (QC) and stability studies of a new anti-diabetic and anti-dyslipidemic agent CDRI compound S002-853. A validated high-performance liquid chromatography analysis method for S002-853 was developed for in process QC and stability studies. The separation was achieved on a RP-C18 (25 cm × 0.4 cm, 5 μm, Phenomenex) at 240 nm with flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. This method was applied successfully in establishing forced degradation and drug-excipient testing protocols as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The result of estimation and stress testing studies indicated a high degree of selectivity of this method. S002-853 was most stable at pH 7 and under photolytic conditions. The temperature degradation pattern of S002-853 was found to follow the zero order degradation. The method described is easy and simple hence can be easily reproduced. This method can be very useful for bulk manufacture QC, and drug development process.

Fire and explosion hazards in gasification plants include releases of flammable materials. The distinction between fire and explosion scenarios is often whether the fuel ignites promptly upon release or has delayed ignition. Prompt ignition prevents formation of a flammable vapor cloud and, thereby, averts a VCE. Synthesis gas contains a significant amount of hydrogen, a fuel that is easily ignited. Industry experience with accidental releases of synthesis gas has been that it promptly ignites. Synthesis gas also contains significant amount of carbon monoxide which is a toxic gas and can have adverse health effect on workers. After reviewing the previous accident data for synthesis gas, carbon monoxide and hydrogen to estimate the hazards caused by accidental release no instances of synthesis gas VCEs were found in literature; however, numerous test and accidents were reported for hydrogen. Therefore taking in consideration the effects of hydrogen and carbon monoxide we have mentioned the mitigation measures to be followed to reduce the probability of hazards caused by synthesis gas release.

This paper addresses the problems encountered during digitization and preservation of inscriptions such as perspective distortion and minimal distinction between foreground and background. In general inscriptions possess neither standard size and shape nor colour difference between the foreground and background. Hence the existing methods like variance based extraction and Fast ICA based analysis fail to extract text from these inscription images. Natural gradient flexible ICA (NGFICA) is a suitable method for separating signals from a mixture of highly correlated signals, as it minimizes the dependency among the signals by considering the slope of the signal at each point. We propose an NGFICA based enhancement of inscription images. The proposed method improves word and character recognition accuracies of the OCR system by 65.3% (from 10.1% to 75.4%) and 54.3% (from 32.4% to 86.7%), respectively.