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الفنون والحرف الصينية /
يتناول كتاب (الفنون والحرف الصينية) والذي قام بتأليفه (هانغ جيان، قوه تشيو هوي) في حوالي (163) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (الزخرفة الصينة) مستعرضا المحتويات التالية : التاريخ والخلفية للفنون والحرف الصينية التقليدية-الفنون والحرف في مجال الأواني-الفنون والحرف في مجال الملابس-الفنون والحرف في مجال المفروشات-الفنون والحرف في مجال الزخرفة-الفنون والحرف في مجال التسلية-الفنون والحرف في مجال التجارة.
Book
Positive Surgical Margins in the 10 Most Common Solid Cancers
A positive surgical margin (PSM) following cancer resection oftentimes necessitates adjuvant treatments and carries significant financial and prognostic implications. We sought to compare PSM rates for the ten most common solid cancers in the United States, and to assess trends over time. Over 10 million patients were identified in the National Cancer Data Base from 1998–2012, and 6.5 million had surgical margin data. PSM rates were compared between two time periods, 1998–2002 and 2008–2012. PSM was positively correlated with tumor category and grade. Ovarian and prostate cancers had the highest PSM prevalence in women and men, respectively. The highest PSM rates for cancers affecting both genders were seen for oral cavity tumors. PSM rates for breast cancer and lung and bronchus cancer in both men and women declined over the study period. PSM increases were seen for bladder, colon and rectum, and kidney and renal pelvis cancers. This large-scale analysis appraises the magnitude of PSM in the United States in order to focus future efforts on improving oncologic surgical care with the goal of optimizing value and improving patient outcomes.
Journal Article
Impact of Thermal Cycling on Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Joints and Board-Level Drop Reliability
The electronic packaging industry uses electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) or Cu-organic solderability preservative (Cu-OSP) as a bonding pad surface finish for solder joints. In portable electronic products, drop impact tests induce solder joint failures via the interfacial intermetallic, which is a serious reliability concern. The intermetallic compound (IMC) is subjected to thermal cycling, which negatively affects the drop impact reliability. In this work, the reliability of lead-free Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC) soldered fine-pitch ball grid array assemblies were investigated after being subjected to a combination of thermal cycling followed by board level drop tests. Drop impact tests conducted before and after thermal aging cycles (500, 1000, and 1500 thermal cycles) show a transition of failure modes and a significant reduction in drop durability for both SAC/ENIG and SAC/Cu-OSP soldered assemblies. Without thermal cycling aging, the boards with the Cu-OSP surface finish exhibit better drop impact reliability than those with ENIG. However, the reverse is true if thermal cycle (TC) aging is performed. For SAC/Cu-OSP soldered assemblies, a large number of Kirkendall voids were observed at the interface between the intermetallic and Cu pad after thermal cycling aging. The void formation resulted in weak bonding between the solder and Cu, leading to brittle interface fracture in the drop impact test, which resulted in significantly lower drop test lifetimes. For SAC/ENIG soldered assemblies, the consumption of Ni in the formation of NiCuSn intermetallics induced vertical voids in the Ni(P) layer. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
Processing of High-Quality WC-Inconel 625 Coating via DED
This study examines the effects of laser power (P), scanning speed (SS), and energy density (ED) on the microstructure and hardness of WC-reinforced Inconel 625 metallic matrix composite (MMC) coatings fabricated via a powder-based directed energy deposition (DED) process developed by Makino Asia Pte Ltd. Coating layers were evaluated for surface roughness (Sa), layer height (LH), porosity (Pr), dilution height (DH), dilution ratio (DR), and WC retention (WC%). Trends in the data reveal how process parameters influence deposition quality and microstructural evolution: higher P or lower SS increased melt pool depth, promoted WC dissolution, and coarsened microstructure, whereas lower P or higher SS preserved WC particles and minimized substrate dilution. Hardness variations in the Inconel 625 matrix were associated with dendrite size, solid-solution strengthening, dislocation density, and secondary carbide formation. These findings provide quantitative guidance for selecting DED parameters to produce crack-free WC-Inconel 625 MMC coatings with controlled microstructure and tailored mechanical properties.
Journal Article
Chromatin dysregulation and DNA methylation at transcription start sites associated with transcriptional repression in cancers
Although promoter-associated CpG islands have been established as targets of DNA methylation changes in cancer, previous studies suggest that epigenetic dysregulation outside the promoter region may be more closely associated with transcriptional changes. Here we examine DNA methylation, chromatin marks, and transcriptional alterations to define the relationship between transcriptional modulation and spatial changes in chromatin structure. Using human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma as a model, we show aberrant enrichment of repressive H3K9me3 at the transcriptional start site (TSS) with methylation-associated, tumor-specific gene silencing. Further analysis identifies a hypermethylated subtype which shows a functional convergence on MYC targets and association with
CREBBP/EP300
mutation. The tumor-specific shift to transcriptional repression associated with DNA methylation at TSSs was confirmed in multiple tumor types. Our data may show a common underlying epigenetic dysregulation in cancer associated with broad enrichment of repressive chromatin marks and aberrant DNA hypermethylation at TSSs in combination with MYC network activation.
In tumours aberrant epigenetic modifications can alter the transcriptional state. Here, the authors identify a common tumour-specific shift to transcriptional repression associated with DNA methylation and chromatin dysregulation at the transcription start site.
Journal Article
A novel and validated survey explores quality of life outcomes in transgender women following vaginoplasty
This study aimed to evaluate patient-reported outcomes following vaginoplasty in transgender individuals using a novel and validated Affirming Surgery Form and Function Individual Reporting Measure.
A total of 279 transgender patients completed the Affirming Surgery Form and Function Individual Reporting Measure survey, reporting on their experiences with feminizing gender-affirming surgery outcomes (F-GAS). Surveys were given to patients via email before F-GAS, at 2 weeks, 6 months and 12 months post-operatively. Pre- and post-F-GAS responses were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. All participants voluntarily completed the same survey using the Visiontree platform to eliminate bias.
Before F-GAS, ~3% of respondents reported positive feelings about their genitals, ~18% reported comfort with a sexual partner seeing their genitals, ~1% reported the absence of embarrassment regarding their genitals and ~1% reported that their genitals matched their gender identity. Six months after surgery, the percentages rose to ~85% (P < 0.001), ~77% (P < 0.001), 66% (P < 0.001) and ~85% (P < 0.001), respectively. Before F-GAS, ~78% of respondents reported they could not dress as desired because of the appearance of their genitals, and 83% reported the appearance of their genitals prevented them from doing some enjoyable activities. Six months after surgery, the percentages fell to ~3% (P < 0.001), and ~7% respectively (P < 0.001).
Gender-affirming surgeries, such as vaginoplasty, are associated with dramatic quality of life improvement in transgender people. All six gender identity metrics measured by the validated Affirming Surgery Form and Function Individual Reporting Measure survey showed unequivocal benefits following vaginoplasty.
Journal Article
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Nerve Regeneration in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Repair and Hindlimb Transplant Model
This study investigates the efficacy of local and intravenous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration to augment neuroregeneration in both a sciatic nerve cut-and-repair and rat hindlimb transplant model. Bone marrow-derived MSCs were harvested and purified from Brown-Norway (BN) rats. Sciatic nerve transections and repairs were performed in three groups of Lewis (LEW) rats: negative controls (n = 4), local MSCs (epineural) injection (n = 4), and systemic MSCs (intravenous) injection (n = 4). Syngeneic (LEW-LEW) (n = 4) and allogeneic (BN-LEW) (n = 4) hindlimb transplants were performed and assessed for neuroregeneration after local or systemic MSC treatment. Rats undergoing sciatic nerve cut-and-repair and treated with either local or systemic injection of MSCs had significant improvement in the speed of recovery of compound muscle action potential amplitudes and axon counts when compared with negative controls. Similarly, rats undergoing allogeneic hindlimb transplants treated with local injection of MSCs exhibited significantly increased axon counts. Similarly, systemic MSC treatment resulted in improved nerve regeneration following allogeneic hindlimb transplants. Systemic administration had a more pronounced effect on electromotor recovery while local injection was more effective at increasing fiber counts, suggesting different targets of action. Local and systemic MSC injections significantly improve the pace and degree of nerve regeneration after nerve injury and hindlimb transplantation.
Journal Article
Influence of Weld Toe Radii on Fatigue Life Prediction
A study was carried out to investigate the influence of the weld toe radii on the fatigue strength of butt welded joints loaded in bending and tension. Fatigue analysis starting from weld toe cracks in marine and offshore welded pipe specimens were conducted using cut-out four-point bend fatigue test specimens. Fatigue life can be enhanced by reducing the local stress concentration generated by weld toe radius effects. This study investigated the effect of different weld toe radii on the stress intensity factor at the region of the weld toe through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). FEA was used to model a butt welded steel plate extracted from a pipe subject to tension and four-point bend loading. Semi-elliptical surface (SESC) cracks were modeled at the weld toe region with different SESC crack depth and surface crack length. Four weld toe radii and two modes of loading were investigated. The stress intensity factors, weald toe magnification factors, or M kc and M ka are reported and used for fatigue life prediction.
Journal Article
Clarification of the margin status by the multidisciplinary tumor board following transoral robotic surgery for p16 positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Objectives Margin status interpretation following transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is challenging. This study aims to assess the discrepancy between status of margins as reported by the pathologist versus as determined by multi‐disciplinary team review (MDTB). Methods A retrospective study of 57 patients with OPSCC who underwent TORS from January 2010 to December 2016 was conducted. Our primary outcome measure was the discrepancy between the surgical specimen margins as described in the pathology report versus final margin status that was determined after the multi‐disciplinary team discussion. Fisher's exact test was used. Results Based on the pathologist‐report, 29 subjects (51%) had positive margins, compared to 2 (4%) after multi‐disciplinary team discussion. Receipt of chemotherapy correlated with final margin status as determined by MDTB, not with initial main specimen margins (p = .02 and p = .08, respectively). With a median follow up of 28.4 months, two subjects (4%) had loco‐regional recurrence. Conclusion Following TORS, there was a significant discrepancy between status of margins as reported by the pathologist versus as determined by MDTB review. Chemotherapy was avoided in 93.1% of cases that were originally reported as positive margins by the pathologist with an acceptably low recurrence rate. Level of evidence 4. Margin status can be difficult to determine due to multiple factors. Determination is important to avoid unnecessary treatment. TORS surgeons should be intimately involved in discussion of final marginal status.
Journal Article