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Atherosclerosis continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The precise evaluation of the extent of an atherosclerotic plaque is essential for forecasting its likelihood of causing health concerns and tracking treatment outcomes. When compared to conventional methods used, nanoparticles offer clear benefits and excellent development opportunities for the detection and characterisation of susceptible atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we analyse the recent advancements of nanoparticles as theranostics in the management of atherosclerosis, with an emphasis on applications in drug delivery. Furthermore, the main issues that must be resolved in order to advance clinical utility and future developments of NP research are discussed. It is anticipated that medical NPs will develop into complex and advanced next-generation nanobotics that can carry out a variety of functions in the bloodstream.

Lately, most studies on sustainable design from the perspective of emotional durability focus on product design, particularly on exploring how do product functions direct consumers’ emotional changes after the product is used, but overlook the significant impact of consumers’ visual impression of the product on their judgment. Therefore, this paper aims at finding out how to maintain the emotionally durable connection between consumers and products with the help of visual communication design so as to provide guidance for prolonging the service life of products and reducing the waste and consumption of resources. Based on literature reviews on sustainable design, visual communication design, and emotionally durable design, this paper firstly adopted the case study method to analyze more than 85 high-quality design practice cases and put forward preliminary design strategies. The behavior research method was then applied to analyze the consumer behavior involved in the preliminary design strategies, and those design strategies were upgraded according to the analysis results. Based on the above analysis and research work, this paper proposed six design strategies to improve the emotional durability of visual communication design, namely, Enjoyment, Functionality, Narrativity, Symbolism, Interaction, and Innovation. In the area of sustainability, the design strategies proposed in this paper provide a new design mode for emotionally durable visual communication design and make products to be more acceptable to consumers and long-term holding. Emotionally durable visual communication design can influence consumers’ aesthetics and lead consumers’ behavior toward more sustainable use of products.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most prevalent non‐communicable disease worldwide. Nanotheranostics have made significant progress in the biomedical field, presenting an avenue to overcome the limitations of conventional approaches towards MI, in which personalized interventions have enhanced nanotherapeutic efficacy. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nanoscale materials have been modified through alteration of their physical and chemical properties such as structure, size, and surface, thereby improving target sensitivity and specificity. This revolutionary technology has also been accomplished through precision therapeutics in MI. In this review, we discuss advanced nanoparticle designs utilized in the diagnosis and treatment of MI that could be applied to deliver personalized treatment and improve patient outcomes. Nanotheranostics has revolutionized our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying myocardial infarction (MI), guiding the development of appropriate therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the technological breakthroughs of nanoparticles (NPs) in drug delivery systems (DDS) for treating MI, describes advanced NP designs used to deliver personalized treatment and improve patient outcomes, and highlights future directions.

SARS-CoV-2 is a newly identified member of the coronavirus family that has caused the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This rapidly evolving and unrelenting SARS-CoV-2 has disrupted the lives and livelihoods of millions worldwide. As of 23 August 2021, a total of 211,373,303 COVID-19 cases have been confirmed globally with a death toll of 4,424,341. A strong understanding of the infection pathway of SARS-CoV-2, and how our immune system responds to the virus is highly pertinent for guiding the development and improvement of effective treatments. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of neutralising antibodies (NAbs) and their implications in clinical practice. The aspects include the pathophysiology of the immune response, particularly humoral adaptive immunity and the roles of NAbs from B cells in infection clearance. We summarise the onset and persistence of IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies, and we explore their roles in neutralising SARS-CoV-2, their persistence in convalescent individuals, and in reinfection. Furthermore, we also review the applications of neutralising antibodies in the clinical setting—from predictors of disease severity to serological testing to vaccinations, and finally in therapeutics such as convalescent plasma infusion.

The rapid recognition of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) complex is critical for the initiation of DNA damage response and DSB end resection. Here, we show that MRN complex interacting protein (MRNIP) forms liquid-like condensates to promote homologous recombination-mediated DSB repair. The intrinsically disordered region is essential for MRNIP condensate formation. Mechanically, the MRN complex is compartmentalized and concentrated into MRNIP condensates in the nucleus. After DSB formation, MRNIP condensates move to the damaged DNA rapidly to accelerate the binding of DSB by the concentrated MRN complex, therefore inducing the autophosphorylation of ATM and subsequent activation of DNA damage response signaling. Meanwhile, MRNIP condensates-enhanced MRN complex loading further promotes DSB end resection. In addition, data from xenograft models and clinical samples confirm a correlation between MRNIP and radioresistance. Together, these results reveal an important role of MRNIP phase separation in DSB response and the MRN complex-mediated DSB end resection. The MRN complex is a critical sensor and processor of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here, the authors show that MRNIP forms liquid-like condensates to accelerate the MRN-mediated sensing and end resection of DSB, thereby promoting DSB repair.

Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) are structural and functional cores of the spliceosome. In metazoan genomes, each snRNA has multiple copies/variants, up to hundreds in mammals. However, the expressions and functions of each copy/variant in one organism have not been systematically studied. Focus on U1 snRNA genes, we investigated all five copies in Drosophila melanogaster using two series of constructed strains. Analyses of transgenic flies that each have a U1 promoter-driven gfp revealed that U1 : 21D is the major and ubiquitously expressed copy, and the other four copies have specificities in developmental stages and tissues. Mutant strains that each have a precisely deleted copy of U1-gene exhibited various extents of defects in fly morphology or mobility, especially deletion of U1 : 82Eb . Interestingly, splicing was changed at limited levels in the deletion strains, while large amounts of differentially-expressed genes and alternative polyadenylation events were identified, showing preferences in the down-regulation of genes with 1–2 introns and selection of proximal sites for 3’-end polyadenylation. In vitro assays suggested that Drosophila U1 variants pulled down fewer SmD2 proteins compared to the canonical U1. This study demonstrates that all five U1-genes in Drosophila have physiological functions in development and play regulatory roles in transcription and 3’-end formation.

The iron chelator deferoxamine has been shown to inhibit ferroptosis in spinal cord injury. However, it is unclear whether deferoxamine directly protects neurons from ferroptotic cell death. By comparing the survival rate and morphology of primary neurons and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to erastin, it was found that these cell types respond differentially to the duration and concentration of erastin treatment. Therefore, we studied the mechanisms of ferroptosis using primary cortical neurons from E16 mouse embryos. After treatment with 50 μM erastin for 48 hours, reactive oxygen species levels increased, and the expression of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system light chain and glutathione peroxidase 4 decreased. Pretreatment with deferoxamine for 12 hours inhibited these changes, reduced cell death, and ameliorated cellular morphology. Pretreatment with the apoptosis inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK or the necroptosis inhibitor necrostain-1 for 12 hours did not protect against erastin-induced ferroptosis. Only deferoxamine protected the primary cortical neurons from ferroptosis induced by erastin, confirming the specificity of the in vitro ferroptosis model. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee at the Institute of Radiation Medicine of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China (approval No. DWLL-20180913) on September 13, 2018.

With the increasing climatic extremes, the frequency and severity of urban flood events have intensified worldwide. In this study, image-based automated monitoring of flood formation and analyses of water level fluctuation were proposed as value-added intelligent sensing applications to turn a passive monitoring camera into a visual sensor. Combined with the proposed visual sensing method, traditional hydrological monitoring cameras have the ability to sense and analyze the local situation of flood events. This can solve the current problem that image-based flood monitoring heavily relies on continuous manned monitoring. Conventional sensing networks can only offer one-dimensional physical parameters measured by gauge sensors, whereas visual sensors can acquire dynamic image information of monitored sites and provide disaster prevention agencies with actual field information for decision-making to relieve flood hazards. The visual sensing method established in this study provides spatiotemporal information that can be used for automated remote analysis for monitoring urban floods. This paper focuses on the determination of flood formation based on image-processing techniques. The experimental results suggest that the visual sensing approach may be a reliable way for determining the water fluctuation and measuring its elevation and flood intrusion with respect to real-world coordinates. The performance of the proposed method has been confirmed; it has the capability to monitor and analyze the flood status, and therefore, it can serve as an active flood warning system.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and leading cause of dementia worldwide, with its incidence rising dramatically in aging populations. This progressive disease is neuropathologically characterized by extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tau tangles, and chronic neuroinflammation, leading to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss. Despite extensive research efforts, the complex and multifactorial nature of AD pathogenesis has prevented the development of truly disease-modifying therapies. Current therapeutic approaches, including recently approved anti-amyloid immunotherapies, demonstrate limited clinical efficacy and significant adverse effects, highlighting the need for alternative treatment strategies. This comprehensive review systematically evaluates recent advances in understanding AD pathophysiology, emphasizing the interplay between genetic risk factors (particularly APOE ε4), proteostasis imbalance, metabolic dysfunction, and neurovascular contributions. We critically analyze emerging diagnostic biomarkers, including novel neuroimaging techniques and cerebrospinal fluid/blood-based biomarkers, that enable earlier and more accurate detection. The review provides an in-depth assessment of both pharmacological interventions (such as tau-targeting therapies, anti-inflammatory agents, and neurotransmitter modulators) and non-pharmacological approaches (including lifestyle modifications and cognitive training). Special attention is given to personalized medicine strategies that account for disease heterogeneity and individual risk profiles. By synthesizing evidence from molecular studies, animal models, and clinical trials, we identify key challenges in therapeutic translation and propose future research directions. Our analysis underscores the importance of multimodal interventions targeting multiple pathological processes simultaneously, combined with early detection methods, to effectively combat this devastating disease. This review aims to provide researchers and clinicians with an updated framework for understanding AD pathogenesis and developing more effective treatment paradigms.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, in which GBM stem cells (GSCs) were identified to contribute to aggressive phenotypes and poor prognosis. Yet, how GSCs progress to invasive cells remains largely unexplored. Here, we revealed the cell subpopulations with distinct functional status and the existence of cells with high invasive potential within heterogeneous primary GBM tumors. We reconstructed a branched trajectory by pseudotemporal ordering of single tumor cells, in which the root showed GSC‐like phenotype while the end displayed high invasive activity. Thus, we further determined a path along which GSCs gradually transformed to invasive cells, called the ‘stem‐to‐invasion path’. Along this path, cells showed incremental expression of GBM invasion‐associated signatures and diminishing expression of GBM stem cell markers. These findings were validated in an independent single‐cell data set of GBM. Through analyzing the molecular cascades underlying the path, we identify crucial factors controlling the attainment of invasive potential of tumor cells, including transcription factors and long noncoding RNAs. Our work provides novel insights into GBM progression, especially the attainment of invasive potential in primary tumor cells, and supports the cancer stem cell model, with valuable implications for GBM therapy. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. Here, through reconstructing a branched trajectory by pseudotemporal ordering of single tumor cells, we determine the ‘stem‐to‐invasion path’, along which cells show incremental invasive potential and diminishing expression of GBM stem cell markers. We further identify crucial factors controlling the attainment of invasive potential of tumor cells.