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"Pang, Ting"
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A survey on automatic generation of medical imaging reports based on deep learning
Recent advances in deep learning have shown great potential for the automatic generation of medical imaging reports. Deep learning techniques, inspired by image captioning, have made significant progress in the field of diagnostic report generation. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent research efforts in deep learning-based medical imaging report generation and proposes future directions in this field. First, we summarize and analyze the data set, architecture, application, and evaluation of deep learning-based medical imaging report generation. Specially, we survey the deep learning architectures used in diagnostic report generation, including hierarchical RNN-based frameworks, attention-based frameworks, and reinforcement learning-based frameworks. In addition, we identify potential challenges and suggest future research directions to support clinical applications and decision-making using medical imaging report generation systems.
Journal Article
Associations of early pregnancy serum uric acid levels with risk of gestational diabetes and birth outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Background
Previous evidence suggests that higher blood uric acid (UA) levels are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes during pregnancy and subsequent birth outcomes. However, it has been relatively unclear whether these associations persist in normotensive pregnant women.
Methods
The study was based on a retrospective analysis of 18,250 mother-infant pairs in a large obstetric center in China. Serum UA concentrations in early pregnancy (median: 17.6, IQR: 16.3, 18.6 gestational weeks) were assessed. Hyperuricemia was defined as ≥ one standard deviation (SD) of the reference value for the corresponding gestational age. Outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm birth (PB), low birth weight (LBW), macrosomia, small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) were extracted from the medical records.
Results
The mean maternal UA level was 0.22 ± 0.05 mmol/L, and 2,896 (15.9%) subjects had hyperuricemia. After adjustment for several covariates, UA was associated with several adverse outcomes. The ORs (95%CI) per one SD increase in serum UA concentration were 1.250 (1.136, 1.277) for GDM, 1.137 (1.060, 1.221) for PB, 1.134 (1.051, 1.223) for LBW, and 1.077 (1.020, 1.137) for SGA, respectively. Similar adverse associations were found between hyperuricemia and GDM, PB (ORs: 1.394 and 1.385, P < 0.001), but not for LBW, macrosomia, SGA, and LGA. Adverse associations tended to be more pronounced in subjects with higher BMI for outcomes including PB, LBW, and SGA (P interaction = 0.001–0.028).
Conclusion
Higher UA levels in early pregnancy were associated with higher risk of GDM, PB, LBW, and SGA in normotensive Chinese women.
Journal Article
Deletions of singular U1 snRNA gene significantly interfere with transcription and 3’-end mRNA formation
Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) are structural and functional cores of the spliceosome. In metazoan genomes, each snRNA has multiple copies/variants, up to hundreds in mammals. However, the expressions and functions of each copy/variant in one organism have not been systematically studied. Focus on U1 snRNA genes, we investigated all five copies in Drosophila melanogaster using two series of constructed strains. Analyses of transgenic flies that each have a U1 promoter-driven gfp revealed that U1 : 21D is the major and ubiquitously expressed copy, and the other four copies have specificities in developmental stages and tissues. Mutant strains that each have a precisely deleted copy of U1-gene exhibited various extents of defects in fly morphology or mobility, especially deletion of U1 : 82Eb . Interestingly, splicing was changed at limited levels in the deletion strains, while large amounts of differentially-expressed genes and alternative polyadenylation events were identified, showing preferences in the down-regulation of genes with 1–2 introns and selection of proximal sites for 3’-end polyadenylation. In vitro assays suggested that Drosophila U1 variants pulled down fewer SmD2 proteins compared to the canonical U1. This study demonstrates that all five U1-genes in Drosophila have physiological functions in development and play regulatory roles in transcription and 3’-end formation.
Journal Article
Early pregnancy vitamin D and the risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Background
Previous evidence has suggested that lower gestational vitamin D levels might increase the risks of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. The results remain inconsistent and require further exploration.
Methods
A total of 2814 Chinese mother-infant pairs were included in this retrospective cohort study. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were reviewed in early pregnancy (16.3 ± 2.3 weeks). Outcomes of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), cesarean section, fetal distress, preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), and macrosomia were extracted from the medical records. Cox regression analysis was used to explore these associations.
Results
In total, 19.3% of mothers were pregnant at an advanced age (≥35 years), and 40.3% of pregnant women had vitamin D deficiency (< 50 nmol/L). After adjusting for potential covariates, the hazard ratio (
HR) (95% CI)
per standard deviation (SD) increase of serum 25(OH)D concentrations was 0.86 (0.779, 0.951) for GDM, 0.844 (0.730, 0.976) for preterm birth, and 0.849 (0.726, 0.993) for LBW. Similar protective associations were found for GDM, cesarean section, and preterm birth for a better vitamin D status when compared with vitamin D deficiency.
Conclusion
Higher early pregnancy vitamin D was associated with a lower risk of GDM, cesarean section, preterm birth, and LBW.
Journal Article
Dinaciclib Interrupts Cell Cycle and Induces Apoptosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential
Dinaciclib, a potent cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, has demonstrated considerable antitumor effects in various malignancies. However, its impact on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a predominant and highly aggressive form of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) with limited treatment options, remains underexplored. We conducted gene set enrichment analyses in HNSC patients that reinforced the relevance of these cell cycle-related genes to OSCC pathogenesis. Given the known dysregulation of cell cycle-related genes in HNSC patients, we hypothesized that Dinaciclib may inhibit OSCC growth by targeting overexpressed cyclins and CDKs, thereby disrupting cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. This study investigated Dinaciclib’s effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis in the OSCC cell lines Ca9-22, OECM-1, and HSC-3. Our results demonstrated that Dinaciclib significantly reduces OSCC cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry and Western blot analyses showed that Dinaciclib induces cell cycle arrest at the G1/S and G2/M transitions by downregulating Cyclins A, B, D, and E, along with CDKs 1 and 2—key regulators of these checkpoints. Furthermore, Dinaciclib treatment upregulated apoptotic markers, such as cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP, confirming its pro-apoptotic effects. In conclusion, these findings highlight Dinaciclib’s therapeutic promise in OSCC by simultaneously disrupting cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. These results support further exploration of Dinaciclib as a viable monotherapy or combination treatment in OSCC and other HNSC subtypes to improve patient outcomes.
Journal Article
Meroterpenoids with Immunosuppressive Activity from Edible Fungus Craterellus odoratus
Two unusual polyketide–sesquiterpene metabolites, craterodoratins T (1) and U (2), along with the known compound craterellin A (3), were isolated from the higher fungus Craterellus odoratus. The structures of isolated compounds were characterized based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrum (MS) spectroscopic analysis, while the absolute configuration of the compounds was determined by theoretical NMR and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compound 1 possessed a rare structure with two aromatic groups. Compounds 1 and 3 showed immunosuppressive activity with IC50 values ranging from 5.516 to 19.953 μM.
Journal Article
Defective minor spliceosomes induce SMA-associated phenotypes through sensitive intron-containing neural genes in Drosophila
The minor spliceosome is evolutionarily conserved in higher eukaryotes, but its biological significance remains poorly understood. Here, by precise CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of the U12 and U6atac snRNAs, we report that a defective minor spliceosome is responsible for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) associated phenotypes in
Drosophila
. Using a newly developed bioinformatic approach, we identified a large set of minor spliceosome-sensitive splicing events and demonstrate that three sensitive intron-containing neural genes,
Pcyt2, Zmynd10
, and
Fas3
, directly contribute to disease development as evidenced by the ability of their cDNAs to rescue the SMA-associated phenotypes in muscle development, neuromuscular junctions, and locomotion. Interestingly, many splice sites in sensitive introns are recognizable by both minor and major spliceosomes, suggesting a new mechanism of splicing regulation through competition between minor and major spliceosomes. These findings reveal a vital contribution of the minor spliceosome to SMA and to regulated splicing in animals.
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is associated with minor splicing-related defects. Here the authors develop
Drosophila
models with minor spliceosomal-snRNA deletions, and demonstrate SMA-like phenotypes.
Journal Article
rhaFGF promotes acute diabetic wound healing by suppressing chronicity of inflammation
To investigate the effect of recombinant human aFGF (rhaFGF) on acute wounds in a diabetic mouse model focusing on the transition from acute inflammation to chronic inflammation. Diabetes mellitus (DM) mouse models were induced through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and acute diabetic wounds were created on their hind paws. The mice were divided into four groups: Con, Con + rhaFGF, DM, and DM + rhaFGF. rhaFGF (0.08 µg/cm²) or PBS was daily administered on wound surface for 14 days. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and tissues were measured using ELISA, and NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18) in tissue were detected by Western blot analysis. CCK8 assay and cell migration were used to assess the proliferation and migration ability of HUVEC, HFF, and HaCaT cells, respectively. Wound healing rates in the DM group decreased significantly, which was effectively alleviated by rhaFGF treatment for 7 days and longer durations. Notably, at day 7 after wound creation, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α as well as the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in the DM group were significantly increased, and rhaFGF treatment substantially suppressed these changes. Moreover, when HUVEC, HFF, and HaCaT cells were exposed to high glucose and LPS condition, the proliferation and migration of these cells were significantly inhibited, and rhaFGF treatment effectively reversed this inhibition. rhaFGF could promote the healing of acute DM wounds by preventing chronicity transition of acute inflammation via reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 in DM wounds.
Journal Article
The Effect of Price Discrimination on Fairness Perception and Online Hotel Reservation Intention
In light of the development of online travel agencies (OTAs), the rules of the entire tourism industry have changed. Due to the ease of finding information and comparing products, consumers can choose a hotel not only by room type, but also by rate, according to their preferences. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of price discrimination on the fairness perception toward reservation intentions. The interaction effects of the brand familiarity and the type of consumers on the fairness perception were also examined. The study used an experimental design, with 2 price discriminations × 2 brand familiarities × 2 regulatory focuses, on a total of 320 valid subjects. The results showed that advantaged-price discriminations had higher fairness perceptions than equal-price discriminations, and that higher fairness perceptions had higher reservation intentions. The interaction effect of brand familiarity showed no significant impact on the fairness perceptions, while the regulatory focus had a mitigating effect on the price discrimination and on the fairness perceptions. This study provides insights into the relationship between online price discrimination and tourism, and it contributes to the literature on hospitality. It also provides the managerial implications for online hotels in developing pricing strategies.
Journal Article