Explore the vast range of titles available.

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of an integrated multidisciplinary hip fracture unit through the following parameters: time to surgery, mortality, return to activities of daily living, adherence to re-fractures prevention programs. Methods Six hundred seventy-seven consecutive patients with hip fracture were included in the study. We calculated the time to surgery as the time in hours from admission until surgery. The in-hospital mortality was calculated as the number of deaths that occurred before discharge. Each patient was then evaluated post-operatively at six weeks, three months, and one year. We studied basic activity of daily living (BADL) and the New Mobility Scale (NMS). Adherence to re-fractures prevention programs was also evaluated. Results 88.9% of patients underwent surgery within two calendar days from admission. In-hospital mortality was 2.4%, and the overall mortality at one year from the intervention was 18.7%. Full mobility status or a low impairment of the mobility status was reached in 32.1% of the patients at one year and a level ≥ 3 of autonomy in BADL was reached in 62.4% (338/542) of patients. Three hundred forty-two patients were prescribed a specific therapy for secondary prevention of re-fracture. Conclusions An integrated, multidisciplinary model for the treatment of hip fragility fractures was effective in reducing time to surgery and mortality, increasing the level autonomy and mobility status and promoting adherence to re-fracture therapy.

Most theories on the function of play have focused on ultimate rather than proximate benefits. Play peaks during juvenility but, in some species, it is present in adulthood as well. In primates, social play and grooming often show a matched pattern because they bring individuals into close contact and favor social cohesion. In Pan, researchers have widely documented anticipation of competition at feeding time. Chimpanzees limit aggression over food by grooming (celebration), whereas bonobos use sociosexuality as a reassurance mechanism. We examined the function of play in the context of conflict prevention in the Apenheul bonobo colony. We analyzed the distribution of social play, grooming, and sexual contacts in periods around feeding and in a control condition. Adult-adult and adult-immature play frequencies were significantly higher during prefeeding than in any other condition, thus not supporting the commonly held view that social stress suppresses play. Further, there is a significant positive correlation between adult-adult play and rates of cofeeding. During feeding, adults engaged in their highest levels of sociosexual behaviors, whereas an increase in grooming rates occurred in prefeeding, though not significantly compared to the control rates. In conclusion, bonobos apparently cope with competition and social tension via 2 different mechanisms of conflict management: play to prevent tension, e.g., prefeeding, and sociosexual behaviors as appeasement and reassurance mechanisms once a tense situation emerges.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Löwenstein Lateral view and the True Lateral view for the positioning of the cephalic hip screw, through a cadaveric study. Materials and Methods We placed two Kirschner wires in eight femur specimens using an Antero-Posterior view, Löwenstein Lateral view and True Lateral view. The distances between the Kirschner wires and the anterior, posterior, superior and inferior cortex were measured in all projections. The head of the femur was then sectioned, and the same macroscopic distances were measured. Finally, we could calculate the accuracy of the two radiographic lateral projections. Results When the Kirschner wire was placed in the center of the head using the Antero-Posterior and the True Lateral view, the accuracy of Antero-Posterior view was 0.9705 while the accuracy of True Lateral view and Löwenstein Lateral view was 1.1479 and 1.1584, respectively. When the Kirschner wire was placed superior on the Antero-Posterior and centrally on the True Lateral view, the accuracy of Antero-Posterior view was 0.9930 while the accuracy of True Lateral view and Löwenstein Lateral view was 1.1159 and 0.7224, respectively. Conclusion When the Kirschner wire was positioned proximal in Antero-Posterior view and central in True Lateral view, only the True Lateral view showed high accuracy.

Kappeler excluded the presence of reconciliation in a free-ranging group of Lemur catta, but a recent study on the same group indicated reconciliation, though with a very long PC duration. We collected data on 2 captive groups of ring-tailed lemurs at the Pistoia Zoo (Italy) in order to shed light on conflict resolution in the species. We investigated the influence of seasonality and of a targeted aggression episode on the occurrence of reconciliation. We collected 164 PC-MC pairs for the A group and 141 for the B group. We performed all analyses at the dyadic level via randomization procedures. Despite the targeting episode, we found no difference in the levels of aggression between the 2 groups. In contrast, just before the onset of the targeting episode, B showed significantly lower rates of affinitive behaviors versus A. Reconciliation occurred in A, whereas it was absent in B. Therefore, we suggest that in B, with the decrease of baseline affinitive interactions associated with the beginning of the targeting episode, the function of postconflict reunions probably stopped working. On the whole, we found that contrasting results were probably related to different seasonal and social conditions (A: breeding/pregnancy season, characterized by higher tolerance rates; B: birth season, characterized by lower tolerance rates). Accordingly, reconciliation should be monitored throughout the different seasonal phases.

Socio-sexuality has been described in bonobos as a mechanism reducing social tension. We studied a captive group of bonobos (Apenheul colony) and tested the influence of feeding sessions on various sexual patterns to functionally differentiate them. Non-reproductive sexual interactions (mounting, GG-rubbing) peaked during the feeding period, whereas copulations did not. During short-term crowding, aggression, self-grooming and copulation rates did not change, however, non-reproductive sexuality and grooming intensified. We suggest that during feeding bonobos may selectively use non-reproductive sex to reduce tension, and that during short-term crowding they may employ both grooming and non-procreative sexuality to avoid a potential raise in tension.

Bonobos(Pan paniscus)and chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)share a similar fission-fusion society, characterized by male philopatry and female dispersal, in which communities of up to 140 individuals form temporary subgroups (or “parties”) that fluctuate in size, composition, and duration. Despite these common features, three decades of research have revealed clear differences between the two species in their social behavior, particularly in the nature of social bonds within and between the sexes. Bonobos exhibit more frequent male-female and female-female associations (Kuroda 1980; Badrian and Badrian 1984; White 1996; de Waal, 2001), a reduced level of aggression within and between groups, and

Exercise generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), creating a redox imbalance towards oxidation when inadequately intense. Normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) breathed while not exercising induces antioxidant enzymes expression, but literature is still poor. Twenty-two athletes were assigned to five groups: controls; 30%, or 50% O2; 100% O2 (HBO) at 1.5 or 2.5 atmosphere absolute (ATA). Twenty treatments were administered on non-training days. Biological samples were collected at T0 (baseline), T1 (end of treatments), and T2 (1 month after) to assess ROS, antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation, redox (amino-thiols) and inflammatory (IL-6, 10, TNF-α) status, renal function (i.e., neopterin), miRNA, and hemoglobin. At T1, O2 mixtures and HBO induced an increase of ROS, lipid peroxidation and decreased TAC, counterbalanced at T2. Furthermore, 50% O2 and HBO treatments determined a reduced state in T2. Neopterin concentration increased at T1 breathing 50% O2 and HBO at 2.5 ATA. The results suggest that 50% O2 treatment determined a reduced state in T2; HBO at 1.5 and 2.5 ATA similarly induced protective mechanisms against ROS, despite the latter could expose the body to higher ROS levels and neopterin concentrations. HBO resulted in increased Hb levels and contributed to immunomodulation by regulating interleukin and miRNA expression.

Objectives: The initial phase of infection of a foot ulcer in a person with diabetes is often categorized as mild. Clinicians usually treat these infections with antimicrobial therapy, often applied topically. Some experts, however, believe that mild diabetic foot ulcer infections will usually heal with local wound care alone, without antimicrobial therapy or dressings. Methods: To evaluate the potential benefit of treatment with a topical antibiotic, we performed a single-center, investigator-blinded pilot study, randomizing (1:1) adult patients with a mild diabetic foot ulcer infection to treatment with a gentamicin–collagen sponge with local care versus local care alone. Systemic antibiotic agents were prohibited. Results: We enrolled a total of 22 patients, 11 in the gentamicin–collagen sponge arm and 11 in the control arm. Overall, at end of therapy, 20 (91%) patients were categorized as achieving clinical cure of infection, and 2 (9%) as significant improvement. At the final study visit, only 12 (56%) of all patients achieved microbiological eradication of all pathogens. There was no difference in either clinical or microbiological outcomes in those who did or did not receive the gentamicin–collagen sponge, which was very well tolerated. Conclusion: The results of this pilot trial suggest that topical antibiotic therapy with gentamicin–collagen sponge, although very well tolerated, does not appear to improve outcomes in mild diabetic foot ulcer infection.

Background Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) has been recently introduced for lymphatic mapping in several tumors. We aimed at investigating whether this technology may improve the intraoperative visualization of lymph nodes during robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods Between June 2014 and June 2018, a total of 94 patients underwent robotic gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for gastric cancer. In 37 patients, ICG was injected endoscopically into the submucosal layer around the tumor the day before surgery. After propensity score matching, the results of these 37 patients were compared with the results of 37 control patients who had undergone robotic gastrectomy without ICG injection. Results Among the 37 patients within the ICG group, no adverse events related to ICG injection or intraoperative NIR imaging occurred. After completion of D2 lymph node dissection, no residual fluorescent lymph nodes were left in the surgical field. A mean of 19.4 ± 14.7 fluorescent lymph nodes was identified per patient. The mean total number of harvested lymph nodes was significantly higher in the ICG group than in the control group (50.8 vs 40.1, P  = 0.03). In the ICG group, 23 patients had metastatic lymph nodes. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of ICG fluorescence for metastatic lymph nodes were 62.2%, 52.6%, and 63.0%, respectively. Conclusion Our study indicates that NIR imaging with ICG may provide additional node detection during robotic surgery for gastric cancer. Unfortunately, this technique failed to show good selectivity for metastatic lymph nodes.