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Effective and thorough credit-risk management is a key factor for lending institutions, as significant financial losses can arise from the borrowers’ default. Consequently, machine learning methods can measure and analyze credit risk objectively when at the same time they face increasingly attention. This study analyzes default payment data from a credit cards’ portfolio containing some 30,000 clients from Taiwan with twenty-three attributes and with no missing information. We compare prediction accuracy of seven classification methods used, i.e. KNN, Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, Decision Trees, Random Forest, SVC, and Linear SVC. The results indicate that only few out of most of the typical variables used can adequately analyze default characteristics in terms of lending decisions. The results provide effective feedback to credit evaluators, lending institutions and business analysts for in-depth analysis. Also, they mention to the importance of the precautionary borrowing techniques to be used to better understand credit-card borrowers’ behavior, along with specific accounting, historical and demographical characteristics.

Research Question: Does Gender Diversity positively or negatively affect the non-financial information on ESG? Motivation: This research explores the connection between ESG and the synthesis of the Board of Directors. More explicitly, we explore if the board's Gender Diversity improves non-financial information on ESG. Also, the effect of board gender diversity on ESG is under investigation as the findings in the current literature about the synthesis of board gender diversity are mixed. Considering this gap, this research tries to understand if Gender Diversity positively or negatively affects the non-financial information on ESG. Idea: This research article aims to study the relationship between gender diversity on board and European companies' environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings. It also examines the potential impact of European Directive 2014/95/EU, which re-quires disclosure of non-financial information, on this relationship. Data: The investigation used the dataset of 5,380 observations from 20 European countries from 2013 to 2022. Tools: The association between the ESG ratings and control variables was examined using regression analysis. Findings: The investigation results confirm a statistically significant impact between gender diversity and ESG performance ratings. The findings confirm conclusions drawn in other research studies. The adoption and enforcement of EU Directive 2014/95/EU had a remarkable and positive impact on European firms' ESG policies, as shown by statistical significance in several regression models. Gender diversity on company boards positively impacted all ESG models except the Governance Pillar Score. The investigation shows the importance of board synthesis, gender diversity, and additional variables concerning ESG reporting practices. Contribution: This research explores the connection between ESG and the synthesis of the Board of Directors. More explicitly, we explore if the board's Gender Diversity improves non-financial information on ESG. Also, the effect of board gender diversity on ESG is under investigation as the findings in the current literature about the synthe-sis of board gender diversity are mixed. Considering this gap, this research tries to understand if Gender Diversity positively or negatively affects the non-financial in-formation on ESG.

The decreased demand for new vehicles will put pressure on the economy of the Czech Republic, a country deeply integrated into global value chains, as part of global vehicle production. The aim of this research was to define an appropriate industrial policy for the Czech Republic that will ensure that the country maintains its competitive position in the global market. A constrained optimization model was built, based on input–output analysis, to determine the optimal value-added structure and the intersectoral structure of the Czech economy for the country to retain its exporting character. The optimization problem was solved by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results suggest that the optimal industrial policy plan for the country is the structural transformation of production, mainly targeting the development of technologically advanced sectors of manufacturing (such as: chemicals and chemical products; basic pharmaceutical products; computer, electronic, and optical products; electrical equipment; and machinery and equipment). The suggested restructuring process increased the domestic value-added in gross exports as a share of total exports by 6.77%, creating optimal production capabilities for the economy. The Czech Republic appears to have the potential for the implementation of an industrial policy, avoiding the increasingly vulnerable motor-vehicle sector.

The decommissioning of synchronous generators, and their replacement by decoupled renewable power plants, has a significant impact on the transient stability performance of a power system. This paper concerns with an investigation of the degree of transient stability enhancement that can be achieved in power systems with high shares (e.g., around 75%) of wind generation. It is considered that the wind generators can work either under the principle of current control or under the principle of fast local voltage control. In both cases, a power–angle modulation (PAM) controller is superimposed on the current control loops of the grid side converters of the wind generators. The investigation of the degree of enhancement takes into account different approaches of the tuning of PAM. It considers a simple approach in the form of parametric sensitivity, and also a sophisticated approach in the form of a formal optimization problem. Besides, the paper gives insight on what is a suitable objective function of the optimization problem, which entails the best performance of PAM. The whole investigation is conducted based on a synthetic model of the Great Britain (GB) system

During the last few years, electric power systems have undergone a widespread shift from conventional fossil-based generation toward renewable energy-based generation. Variable speed wind generators utilizing full-scale power electronics converters are becoming the preferred technology among other types of renewable-based generation, due to the high flexibility to implement different control functions that can support the stabilization of electrical power systems. This paper presents a fundamental study on the enhancement of transient stability in electrical power systems with increasing high share (i.e., above 50%) of power electronic interfaced generation. The wind generator type IV is taken as a representative form of power electronic interfaced generation, and the goal is to investigate how to mitigate the magnitude of the first swing while enhancing the damping of rotor angle oscillations triggered by major electrical disturbances. To perform such mitigation, this paper proposes a power-angle modulation (PAM) controller to adjust the post-fault active power response of the wind generator type IV, after a large disturbance occurs in the system. Based on a small size system, the PAM concept is introduced. The study is performed upon time-domain simulations and analytical formulations of the power transfer equations. Additionally, the IEEE 9 BUS system and the test model of Great Britain’s system are used to further investigate the performance of the PAM controller in a multi-machine context, as well as to perform a comparative assessment of the effect of different fault locations, and the necessary wind generators that should be equipped with PAM controllers.

Research Question: Does Gender Diversity positively or negatively affect the non-financial information on ESG? Motivation: This research explores the connection between ESG and the synthesis of the Board of Directors. More explicitly, we explore if the board's Gender Diversity improves non-financial information on ESG. Also, the effect of board gender diversity on ESG is under investigation as the findings in the current literature about the synthesis of board gender diversity are mixed. Considering this gap, this research tries to understand if Gender Diversity positively or negatively affects the non-financial information on ESG. Idea: This research article aims to study the relationship between gender diversity on board and European companies' environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings. It also examines the potential impact of European Directive 2014/95/EU, which requires disclosure of non-financial information, on this relationship. Data: The investigation used the dataset of 5,380 observations from 20 European countries from 2013 to 2022. Tools: The association between the ESG ratings and control variables was examined using regression analysis. Findings: The investigation results confirm a statistically significant impact between gender diversity and ESG performance ratings. The findings confirm conclusions drawn in other research studies. The adoption and enforcement of EU Directive 2014/95/EU had a remarkable and positive impact on European firms' ESG policies, as shown by statistical significance in several regression models. Gender diversity on company boards positively impacted all ESG models except the Governance Pillar Score. The investigation shows the importance of board synthesis, gender diversity, and additional variables concerning ESG reporting practices. Contribution: This research explores the connection between ESG and the synthesis of the Board of Directors. More explicitly, we explore if the board's Gender Diversity improves non-financial information on ESG. Also, the effect of board gender diversity on ESG is under investigation as the findings in the current literature about the synthesis of board gender diversity are mixed. Considering this gap, this research tries to understand if Gender Diversity positively or negatively affects the non-financial information on ESG.

Research Question- Does Gender Diversity positively or negatively affect the non-financial information on ESG? Motivation- This research explores the connection between ESG and the synthesis of the Board of Directors. More explicitly, we explore if the board's Gender Diversity improves non-financial information on ESG. Also, the effect of board gender diversity on ESG is under investigation as the findings in the current literature about the synthesis of board gender diversity are mixed. Considering this gap, this research tries to understand if Gender Diversity positively or negatively affects the non-financial information on ESG. Idea- This research article aims to study the relationship between gender diversity on board and European companies' environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings. It also examines the potential impact of European Directive 2014/95/EU, which re-quires disclosure of non-financial information, on this relationship. Data- The investigation used the dataset of 5,380 observations from 20 European countries from 2013 to 2022. Tools- The association between the ESG ratings and control variables was examined using regression analysis. Findings- The investigation results confirm a statistically significant impact between gender diversity and ESG performance ratings. The findings confirm conclusions drawn in other research studies. The adoption and enforcement of EU Directive 2014/95/EU had a remarkable and positive impact on European firms' ESG policies, as shown by statistical significance in several regression models. Gender diversity on company boards positively impacted all ESG models except the Governance Pillar Score. The investigation shows the importance of board synthesis, gender diversity, and additional variables concerning ESG reporting practices. Contribution- This research explores the connection between ESG and the synthesis of the Board of Directors. More explicitly, we explore if the board's Gender Diversity improves non-financial information on ESG. Also, the effect of board gender diversity on ESG is under investigation as the findings in the current literature about the synthe-sis of board gender diversity are mixed. Considering this gap, this research tries to un-derstand if Gender Diversity positively or negatively affects the non-financial infor-mation on ESG.

Background: Increasing progress is being made in the field of accounting fraud, and extensive theoretical research is needed to develop future research topics using trend analysis. Our research consists of a literature review that examines the most common fraud theories and attempts to interpret the characteristics of human behaviour that lead to fraud as well as current methods of detecting corporate fraud. Methods: We searched the Scopus database for articles on a fraud theory. We analyse articles published between 2004 and 2022, using a keyword search for 'Fraud Triangle', 'Fraud Diamond', 'Fraud Pentagon', and 'Fraud Hexagon'. Furthermore, we include all document types like articles, conference papers, reviews, book chapters, conference reviews, notes, and data papers. The investigation was limited to papers published in English from 2004 to 2022, not including the current year 2023, as documents are still being published. The last research was done at the end of January 2023. The results from the above criteria are to collect 302 papers. We used VOS program viewer in our bibliometric analysis. Results: According to our network analysis, the Fraud Diamond theory seems to be the most functional fraud theory. According to our findings of the published articles, the main human behavioural characteristics that can lead a manager to commit fraud are the components of the fraud diamond theory: capability - opportunity - pressure - rationalization. Thus, the fraud diamond theory analyses more than the fraud triangle, pentagon, and hexagon theories. So human behavioural characteristics have a positive effect and can lead to fraud in companies. Conclusions: Future research needs to analyse more Pentagon and Hexagon fraud theories, which are more recent and have not yet been analysed in detail. Also, future research needs to analyse more of the human behaviour characteristics related to the Pentagon and Hexagon fraud theories.

In this research, the authors proposed a new method to evaluate borrowers’ credit risk and quality of financial statements information provided. They use qualitative and quantitative criteria to measure the quality and the reliability of its credit customers. Under this statement, the authors evaluate 35 features that are empirically utilized for forecasting the borrowers’ credit behavior of a Greek Bank. These features are initially selected according to universally accepted criteria. A set of historical data was collected and an extensive data analysis is performed by using non parametric models. Our analysis revealed that building simplified model by using only three out of the thirty five initially selected features one can achieve the same or slightly better forecasting accuracy when compared to the one achieved by the model uses all the initial features. Also, experimentally verified claim that universally accepted criteria can’t be globally used to achieve optimal results is discussed.