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"Papathanassis, Alexis"
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A decade of ‘blue tourism’ sustainability research: Exploring the impact of cruise tourism on coastal areas
Cruise tourism research has developed exponentially during the past decades. Global tourism activity in general and cruises in particular are concentrated in coastal areas and represent a dominant part of the so-called ‘blue economy’. Within this context, the public debate surrounding the impact of cruise tourism on port communities reflects a narrative of unsustainable growth, environmental pollution and negative globalisation-related symbolism. Yet, the relatively small size of the cruise sector and the over-focus on emissions arguably misrepresents the overall impact and potential of this tourism domain for portside communities, economies and ecosystems. Cruise-related scientific research, as probably expected, offers a much more refined and holistic picture, transcending the somewhat populist public debate on this matter. Based on a systematic literature review examining cruise-related papers published between 1983 and 2009, Papathanassis and Beckmann (2011)
Annals of Tourism Research
38(1), 153–174, identified 145 papers, which were subsequently subjected to a metadata- and a thematic-analysis. Approximately, a quarter of them addressed the environmental-, social- and economic impacts of cruising on coastal regions. A decade later, and following an analogous methodological approach, a total of 305 cruise research papers, published between 2012 and 2022, yielded 161 relevant papers, subjected to the same coding scheme and thematically compared to previous findings. The subsequent thematic analysis, revealed a comprehensive set of issues, opportunities and challenges cruise tourism poses to coastal areas. Following a critical discussion of past developments and their trajectory, a future research and action agenda is proposed.
Journal Article
The growth and development of the cruise sector: a perspective article
Purpose
The cruise sector has undergone a significant transformation over the past decades, rendering it amongst the fastest growing tourism segments. Nevertheless, cruise holidays represent a relatively small fraction of the entire tourism sector; and so do their economic impacts and externalities. The cruise business has emerged as a result of technological developments in passenger air-transportation and the resulting decline of passenger-shipping. While the increased visibility and over-exposure of its market and product developments may have enabled the re-invention and growth of the cruise sector, they are also amplifiers for its economic and sustainability risks. The purpose of this paper is to relativise both the potential risks and benefits to contribute to more pragmatism in future destination development investments and policies.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on a brief historical analysis of cruising and current trends, a realistic future is painted where the passenger and capacity growth rates of cruise tourism gradually level out.
Findings
Moreover, the cruise business becomes increasingly technologically driven to maintain profitability and establish its position in the wider experience portfolio of holiday consumers.
Originality/value
Traditionally, the relevance argument for cruise tourism research is based on the reported sector's growth rates and corresponding impacts, positive and negative, on destinations. Yet, the mere reproduction of growth rates and passenger numbers in isolation may well foster a misconception and even an overstatement of the cruise sector's significance and role within the wider tourism context. Arguably, the historical analysis and the comparative statistics contained in this paper paint a much-needed realistic picture and contribute to a deeper understanding of the sector's current dynamics.
Journal Article
The impact of corruption on travelers’ perceptions and preferences
Purpose
This paper aims to explore and model tourists’ perceptions of corruption-related holiday incidents and their impact on travel preferences and behavior.
Design/methodology/approach
This research methodology reflects an exploratory-sequential, mixed-method design, comprising a content analysis of 205 online reviews, followed by a survey of 268 respondents.
Findings
According to the data collected and analyzed, exposure to corruption appears to be more than an exception for holidaymakers. Moreover, tourists often associate corruption with a wide spectrum of incident types; those ranging from personal integrity threats to service delivery failures and heritage/attraction mismanagement. The impact of such incidents on travel preferences and behavior of tourists is highly dependent on the perceived competence, effectiveness and professionalism of local (destination) public services and authorities.
Practical implications
Recommendations for destination stakeholders include the need to enable and take ownership of tourists’ complaints and the importance of recognizing the role of heritage attractions as corruption-related symbols and destination image carriers.
Originality/value
This paper attempts to establish the connection between corruption and tourism externalities within the context of the recent “over-tourism” debate. In exploring tourism-corruption, the authors adopt a “micro-behavioral” perspective, which represents a novelty in the related macro/systemic-level approach, characterizing the predominant research in this area. Moreover, in terms of research methodology, both qualitative and quantitative methods are combined. This is an ambitious and challenging research design, demonstrating the synergies between the two paradigms and contributing to the completeness of the paper.
Journal Article
\Yellow Tourism\ - Crime & Corruption in Tourism
Exemplary cases and examples supporting this statement were presented and discussed during the conference and included: conflict and fraud during holidays (e.g. sunbed availability disputes, counterfeit products); criminal and negligence offences at the expense of tourists (e.g. missing cruise passengers, sexual offences during holidays, tourist substance abuse, misbehaviour and vandalism); exploitation and mistreatment of service workers (e.g. guide abuse, cruise staff exploitation); deterioration of heritage, cultural and natural resources (e.g. destruction of cultural property, antiquity trafficking, tourism/maritime spatial-(mis)planning); and securitisation of tourism (interpretation of security measures, threat/security perception). Institutional weakness and the tourism system At a macro-level, corruption has been associated with a number of economic indicators related to tourism development (e.g. tourism income, investments in tourism, socio-cultural and environmental impacts) and the actual influence of corruption levels mainly in terms of weak law and inefficient government to tourism. [...]the ones who are aware of it cannot fix it, whilst the ones who can are not aware of it. More importantly, this inaugural conference provided a thematic framework for synthesising, an otherwise fragmented, “body of tourism knowledge”, and providing a connection between tourism-related themes such as crime/security, heritage protection, health and safety, destination reputation, holiday quality, sustainability and economic impact.
Journal Article
Smart cruising: smart technology applications and their diffusion in cruise tourism
Purpose
This paper aims to explore and discuss the impact of digital innovations from a business eco-systemic perspective. Key smart technology application themes in the cruise industry are extracted and synthesised in a “Smart Cruise Ecosystem” (SCE) framework.
Design/methodology/approach
Information communication technologies (ICTs) advancements and smart tools revolutionise interactions and affect all transactions, transforming the cruise experience. Gradually a Smart Cruise Ecosystem emerges by incorporating all technologies available and involving cruise passengers, who as smart actors interact dynamically with stakeholders, creating value before, during and after the cruising experience. The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak stressed the need for touchless and digital interactions as well as real-time information, fast-tracking the deployment of smart technologies. The diffusion of ICTs in the cruise industry is multi-faceted and dynamic, resulting in a number of smart-technology use-cases.
Findings
Smart technology constitutes a comprehensive smart ecosystem to manage all actors, controls, devises and systems to optimise ship operations and management, while co-creating value for guests and crew in an effective way. The multiplex SCE proposed is enabled by digital technologies collecting, storing, accessing and processing big data dynamically, including: object detection, Internet of Things, Internet of Everything, satellite communications, Big Data, automation, robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learnin, Cloud Computing, Augmented, Virtual and Mixed Reality. A range of interoperable and interconnected supporting systems form the basis of the smart ecosystem.
Originality/value
The proposed framework offers a holistic perspective of the smart-cruising domain, highlighting innovations, interfaces, dependencies, along with the corresponding key limitations and challenges. The synthesis and conceptual structure provided serves as a topology for guiding and connecting further research in smart cruising.
智能巡航：智能技术应用及其在邮轮旅游中的传播
研究目的
本文从商业生态系统的角度探索和讨论了数字创新的影响。在“智能邮轮生态系统”框架中提取和综合邮轮行业的关键智能技术应用主题
研究方法论/方法/途径
信息通信技术 (ICT) 的进步和智能工具彻底改变了交互并影响所有交易, 从而改变了邮轮体验。通过整合所有可用技术并让邮轮乘客参与其中, 智能邮轮生态系统逐渐出现, 他们作为聪明的参与者与利益相关者动态互动, 在巡航体验之前、期间和之后创造价值。 COVID19 大流行的爆发强调了对非接触式和数字化交互以及实时信息的需求, 以快速跟踪智能技术的部署。信息通信技术在邮轮行业的传播是多方面的和动态的, 产生了许多智能技术用例
研究发现
智能技术构成了一个全面的智能生态系统, 用于管理所有参与者、控制、设计和系统, 以优化船舶运营和管理, 同时以有效的方式与用户和船员共同创造价值。提出的多元智能巡航生态系统（SCE）由数字技术实现, 包括物体检测、物联网、卫星通信、大数据、自动化、机器人、人工智能、云计算、AR、VR, 动态收集、访问和处理大数据。一系列可互操作和互连的支持系统构成了智能生态系统的基础。
研究原创性/价值
本研究提议的理论框架提供了智能巡航领域的整体视角, 突出了创新、接口和依赖关系, 以及相应的关键限制和挑战。所提供的综合和概念结构用于指导和连接智能领域的进一步研究提供划分类型。
Journal Article
Cruise Tourism and Innovation
Long description:
Innovation management is arguably essential for the profitability and growth sustainability of the cruise industry; as it is for most areas of business endeavour. Now, more than ever, the cruise sector is faced with significant challenges, including: safety and industry reputation in the aftermath of the Costa Concordia disaster, al larger competitive scope and diminishing profit margins. Given that innovation management can be perceived as a management attitude and cultural habit, fostering inspiration is just as relevant as delivering innovation methodologies and guidelines. On this basis, the aim of this combined conference proceedings is to provide a creativity impulse and to illustrate the breadth and potential of innovation management in the cruise sector. Sources on inspiration include: mobile information and communication technologies, multimedia, and the internet and focus on areas as diverse as safety, aesthetics, culture and professional education.
eBook
Sexual Harassment During Tourism and Cruise Internships: Exploring Situational Factors, Causes, and Their Implications
The goal of this study is to determine the factors influencing students' perception of sexual harassment during their tourism and/or cruise internship. Particular focus was placed on the role of organizational culture and work environment, as well on the effectiveness of anti-harassment
company policies. For this purpose, a self-administered survey was distributed online, yielding 135 completed questionnaires. The analysis results underlined aspects of organizational culture/work environment as a reliable predictor of sexual harassment occurrences. More specifically, the
degree of direct customer contact and the fluidity between private and public space, both foster sexual harassment occurrences. In this context, the particularities of the work environment and conditions on board cruise ships would be expected to result to relatively higher frequencies of
sexual harassment incidents. Indeed, compared to the rest of the sample, the cruise interns reported higher frequencies of sexual harassment and were also less likely to receive support from their employers. Despite the small sample size, the study produced statistically significant results
for tourism internships in general. Yet, the small proportion of cruise interns in the sample only allowed a nonrepresentative comparison (i.e., descriptive comparison of sample means). Nonetheless, our preliminary findings encourage a more in-depth investigation in the cruise domain, underlining
the relevance of this research note.
Journal Article