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In this thematic survey, Gabriel Paquette focuses on the development of the Spanish, Portuguese, English, French, and Dutch overseas empires in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He draws on recent advances in the field to re-examine their development, from efficacious forms of governance and finance to coercive violence. Beginning with a narrative overview of imperial expansion that incorporates recent critiques of older scholarly approaches, Paquette then analyzes the significance of these empires, including their political, economic, and social consequences and legacies. He makes the multifaceted history of Europe's globe-spanning empires in this crucial period accessible to new readers.

Portugal made great efforts to tie its territories together, but the Luso-Brazilian empire eventually succumbed to revolution like its British, French and Spanish counterparts. This book reveals the links and relationships between Portugal and Brazil that survived the demise of empire and shaped the trajectories of the two countries.

Contributing to the historiography of transnational and global transmission of ideas, Connections after Colonialism examines relations between Europe and Latin America during the tumultuous 1820s.   In the Atlantic World, the 1820s was a decade marked by the rupture of colonial relations, the independence of Latin America, and the ever-widening chasm between the Old World and the New. Connections after Colonialism , edited by Matthew Brown and Gabriel Paquette, builds upon recent advances in the history of colonialism and imperialism by studying former colonies and metropoles through the same analytical lens, as part of an attempt to understand the complex connections—political, economic, intellectual, and cultural—between Europe and Latin America that survived the demise of empire.   Historians are increasingly aware of the persistence of robust links between Europe and the new Latin American nations. This book focuses on connections both during the events culminating with independence and in subsequent years, a period strangely neglected in European and Latin American scholarship. Bringing together distinguished historians of both Europe and America, the volume reveals a new cast of characters and relationships ranging from unrepentant American monarchists, compromise seeking liberals in Lisbon and Madrid who envisioned transatlantic federations, and British merchants in the River Plate who saw opportunity where others saw risk to public moralists whose audiences spanned from Paris to Santiago de Chile and plantation owners in eastern Cuba who feared that slave rebellions elsewhere in the Caribbean would spread to their island.   Contributors Matthew Brown / Will Fowler / Josep M. Fradera / Carrie Gibson / Brian Hamnett / Maurizio Isabella / Iona Macintyre / Scarlett O’Phelan Godoy / Gabriel Paquette / David Rock / Christopher Schmidt-Nowara / Jay Sexton / Reuben Zahler

An accessible survey of the history of European overseas empires in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries based on new scholarshipIn this thematic survey, Gabriel Paquette focuses on the evolution of the Spanish, Portuguese, English, French, and Dutch overseas empires in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He draws on recent advances in the field to examine their development, from efficacious forms of governance to coercive violence. Beginning with a narrative overview of imperial expansion that incorporates recent critiques of older scholarly approaches, Paquette then analyzes the significance of these empires, including their political, economic, and social consequences and legacies. He makes the multifaceted history of Europe's globe-spanning empires in this crucial period accessible to new readers.

As the British, French and Spanish Atlantic empires were torn apart in the Age of Revolutions, Portugal steadily pursued reforms to tie its American, African and European territories more closely together. Eventually, after a period of revival and prosperity, the Luso-Brazilian world also succumbed to revolution, which ultimately resulted in Brazil's independence from Portugal. The first of its kind in the English language to examine the Portuguese Atlantic World in the period from 1750 to 1850, this book reveals that despite formal separation, the links and relationships that survived the demise of empire entwined the historical trajectories of Portugal and Brazil even more tightly than before. From constitutionalism to economic policy to the problem of slavery, Portuguese and Brazilian statesmen and political writers laboured under the long shadow of empire as they sought to begin anew and forge stable post-imperial orders on both sides of the Atlantic.

This article analyses the intellectual and political activities of the newly-created consulados and Economic Societies in Spanish America between 1780 and 1810. It argues that these institutions decisively shaped both the formulation and implementation of metropolitan policy. Colonial elites used the consulados and Economic Societies as a vehicle to pursue licensed privilege and moderate, incremental reform in the context of a revivified, socio-economically stable Old Regime. They embraced the Bourbon reforms and used them to their advantage. Judging from consulado documents, the prevailing relationship between civil society and the state in Spanish America, at least until the late 1790s, was amicable and mutually supportive. After that time, mainly due to the disruption of Atlantic commerce, close co-operation gave way to conflict, but always within the framework of a cohesive empire. Drawing on archives in Argentina, Chile, Cuba and Spain, this essay traces the coalescence of numerous local intelligentsias that collaborated, to varying degrees, in the renovation of imperial governance and, simultaneously, incubated a robust public sphere in the nascent polities which gradually emerged after the collapse of Spanish royal authority in 1808. Este artículo analiza las actividades intelectuales y políticas de los recién creados consulados y Sociedades Económicas en Hispanoamérica entre 1780 y 1810. Señala que estas instituciones decisivamente dieron forma a la formulación e implementación de las políticas metropolitanas. Las élites coloniales usaron a los consulados y las Sociedades Económicas como vehículo para alcanzar privilegios legales y a la vez moderar e incrementar reformas en el contexto de un revivido Régimen Antiguo estable a nivel socioeconómico. Estos adoptaron las reformas borbónicas y las utilizaron a su favor. A juzgar por los documentos de los consulados, la relación existente entre la sociedad civil y el Estado en Hispanoamérica, al menos hasta fines de los años 1790s, era amigable y de apoyo mutuo. Más tarde, principalmente debido a la disrupción del comercio en el Atlántico, tal cercana cooperación dio paso al conflicto, aunque siempre dentro del marco de un imperio cohesivo. Basándose en archivos en Argentina, Chile, Cuba y España, este ensayo rastrea el encuentro de numerosas inteligencias locales que colaboraron, en diferentes grados, en la renovación del gobierno imperial y, simultáneamente, incubaron una robusta esfera pública en los nacientes sistemas de gobierno que emergieron gradualmente tras el colapso de la autoridad real española en 1808. Palabras clave: Consulado, Sociedad Económica, Reformas Borbónicas, Iluminismo Colonial Este artigo analisa as atividades intelectuais e políticas dos recém-criados consulados e Sociedades Econômicas na América espanhola entre 1780 e 1810. Considera-se aqui que estas instituições formularam e implementaram diretrizes metropolitanas de maneira decisiva. Elites coloniais utilizaram os consulados e Sociedades Econômicas como um veículo para conseguir privilégios bem como reformas moderadas e progressivas no contexto de um Antigo Regime economicamente estável e revigorado. Elas adotaram as reformas Bourbons e as utilizaram em seu benefício. A julgar pelos documentos dos consulados, ao menos até a década de 1790, o que predominava entre a sociedade civil e o Estado era uma relação amistosa e de apoio mútuo. Em seguida – principalmente devido à ruptura do comércio Atlântico – essa relação deu lugar a uma situação de conflito, no entanto, se mantendo dentro da estrutura de um império coeso. Este ensaio, que utiliza arquivos na Argentina, Chile, Cuba e Espanha, delineia a união de várias comunidades intelectuais locais que, em diferentes graus, colaboraram para a renovação do governo imperial e simultaneamente iniciaram uma vigorosa esfera pública nos nascentes programas de ação que emergiram gradualmente após o colapso da autoridade real espanhola em 1808.

Paquette discusses the link between enlightened historical narratives and imperial rivalry in Bourbon Spain. He focuses on Duke of Almodovar's translation of the Abbe Raynal's Histoire Philosophique et Politique des Etablissements et du Commerce' dans les Indie's (1770), which bore only slight resemblance to the original in ideology, content, and structure. International rivalry provoked patriotic indignation which, in turn, engendered a genre of counterhistorical narrative which endeavored to reprove and contest the unflattering images of Spain promulgated by foreign writers. In addition, Palquette contends, Spanish historians sought to glean practices of rival states which could be used either to vindicate existing policy or to provide support for a policy shift.

This article analyses the intellectual and political activities of the newly-created consulados and Economic Societies in Spanish America between 1780 and 1810. It argues that these institutions decisively shaped both the formulation and implementation of metropolitan policy. Colonial elites used the consulados and Economic Societies as a vehicle to pursue licensed privilege and moderate, incremental reform in the context of a revivified, socio-economically stable Old Regime. They embraced the Bourbon reforms and used them to their advantage. Judging from consulado documents, the prevailing relationship between civil society and the state in Spanish America, at least until the late 1790s, was amicable and mutually supportive. After that time, mainly due to the disruption of Atlantic commerce, close co-operation gave way to conflict, but always within the framework of a cohesive empire. Drawing on archives in Argentina, Chile, Cuba and Spain, this essay traces the coalescence of numerous local intelligentsias that collaborated, to varying degrees, in the renovation of imperial governance and, simultaneously, incubated a robust public sphere in the nascent polities which gradually emerged after the collapse of Spanish royal authority in 1808. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Este artículo analiza las actividades intelectuales y políticas de los recién creados consulados y Sociedades Económicas en Hispanoamérica entre 1780 y 1810. Señala que estas instituciones decisivamente dieron forma a la formulación e implementación de las políticas metropolitanas. Las élites coloniales usaron a los consulados y las Sociedades Económicas como vehículo para alcanzar privilegios legales y a la vez moderar e incrementar reformas en el contexto de un revivido Régimen Antiguo estable a nivel socioeconómico. Estos adoptaron las reformas borbónicas y las utilizaron a su favor. A juzgar por los documentos de los consulados, la relación existente entre la sociedad civil y el Estado en Hispanoamérica, al menos hasta fines de los años 1790s, era amigable y de apoyo mutuo. Más tarde, principalmente debido a la disrupción del comercio en el Atlántico, tal cercana cooperación dio paso al conflicto, aunque siempre dentro del marco de un imperio cohesivo. Basándose en archivos en Argentina, Chile, Cuba y España, este ensayo rastrea el encuentro de numerosas inteligencias locales que colaboraron, en diferentes grados, en la renovación del gobierno imperial y, simultáneamente, incubaron una robusta esfera pública en los nacientes sistemas de gobierno que emergieron gradualmente tras el colapso de la autoridad real española en 1808. Palabras clave: Consulado, Sociedad Económica, Reformas Borbónicas, Iluminismo Colonial [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Este artigo analisa as atividades intelectuais e políticas dos recém-criados consulados e Sociedades Econômicas na América espanhola entre 1780 e 1810. Considera-se aqui que estas instituições formularam e implementaram diretrizes metropolitanas de maneira decisiva. Elites coloniais utilizaram os consulados e Sociedades Econômicas como um veículo para conseguir privilégios bem como reformas moderadas e progressivas no contexto de um Antigo Regime economicamente estável e revigorado. Elas adotaram as reformas Bourbons e as utilizaram em seu benefício. A julgar pelos documentos dos consulados, ao menos até a década de 1790, o que predominava entre a sociedade civil e o Estado era uma relação amistosa e de apoio mútuo. Em seguida - principalmente devido à ruptura do comércio Atlântico - essa relação deu lugar a uma situação de conflito, no entanto, se mantendo dentro da estrutura de um império coeso. Este ensaio, que utiliza arquivos na Argentina, Chile, Cuba e Espanha, delineia a união de várias comunidades intelectuais locais que, em diferentes graus, colaboraram para a renovação do governo imperial e simultaneamente iniciaram uma vigorosa esfera pública nos nascentes programas de ação que emergiram gradualmente após o colapso da autoridade real espanhola em 1808. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]