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IntroductionGiant cell tumor (GCT) or bony tumor mainly involving long bones of arms and legs is very rarely associated with the small bones of hands and feet. Due to its nonspecific signs and symptoms, it is not easy to diagnose based on clinical findings; therefore, histopathological evidence is required to confirm it.MethodA total of 16 patients with positive histopathological bone lesions enriched with giant cells were included in our study. After a complete evaluation of their case records, the required radiological assessment was carried out. Campanacci's method of staging was used to evaluate the advancement of lesions. The Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) score was recorded postoperatively. All the patients were followed up for a mean duration of 2.8 years until they were lost to follow-up.ResultThe result of the current study shows that 62.5% of our patients presented in their twenties and 81.25% of patients came at a reasonably advanced stage. Hand and foot were involved in 1:1 cases. Patients were treated by one of the following options: extended curettage with bone graft or cement, wide excision, or en bloc resection. Phenol, a neoadjuvant, was used in all patients. Two of our patients (6.25%) who underwent curettage with bone graft showed up with recurrence during follow-up - one was then treated with wide excision and the other with amputation.ConclusionGiant cell tumors should undoubtedly be aggressively approached with the goal of preserving limb function while reducing recurrence risk to as minimal as possible. GCT of hand is more aggressive comparatively and should be treated accordingly.

The modifications in the electronic properties induced by the thickness and size of an individual flake of transition-metal halides on different substrates (silicon oxide or In-doped tin oxide) are of particular technological interest, even more in the case of chromium trihalides (CrX3, X = Cl, Br, and I), whose longer lifetime under ambient conditions is particularly intriguing. By using synchrotron-based scanning photoelectron microscopy with a resolution of 0.1 μm and Kelvin probe force microscopy, we evaluated the surface modification reaction and the surface potential. Our results established the correlations of the two latter properties with the thickness of flakes, observing a natural tendency to preserve their characteristic when the flakes have significantly less thickness. This is in contrast to thicker flakes, which show alteration patterns similar to those observed in bulk-cleaved samples (Kazim, S.; Mastrippolito, D.; Moras, P.; Jugovac, M.; Klimczuk, T.; Ali, M.; Ottaviano, L.; Gunnella, R. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.2023, 25, 3806–3814. https://doi.org/10.1039%2FD2CP04586A%29. This preliminary study investigates interfaces made by dry transfer of CrCl3 flakes in an atmospheric environment. Cl vacancies and the formation of O/CrCl3 are induced, serving as dissociation centers that facilitate the migration of Cl vacancies between the top and bottom surfaces. By manipulating 2D atomic layers via surface oxidation or the introduction of surface vacancies, a novel and versatile approach is unveiled for the development of low-dimensional multifunctional nanodevices.

In an effort to synthesize metallaheteroborane clusters of higher nuclearity, the reactivity of metallaheteroboranes, nido-[(Cp*M)2B6S2H4(CS3)] (Cp* = C5Me5) (1: M = Co; 2: M = Rh) with various metal carbonyls have been investigated. Photolysis of nido-1 and nido-2 with group 6 metal carbonyls, M’(CO)5.THF (M’ = Mo or W) were performed that led to the formation of a series of adducts [(Cp*M)2B6S2H4(CS3)M’(CO)5] (3: M = Co, M’ = Mo; 4: M = Co, M’ = W; 5: M = Rh, M’ = Mo; 6: M = Rh, M’ = W) instead of cluster expansion reactions. In these adducts, the S atom of C=S group of di(thioboralane)thione B2CS3 moiety is coordinated to M’(CO)5 (M = Mo or W) in η1-fashion. On the other hand, thermolysis of nido-1 with Ru3(CO)12 yielded one fused metallaheteroborane cluster [Ru(CO)33SRu(CO)Ru(CO)2Co2B6SH4(CH2S2)Ru(CO)32S], 7. This 20-vertex-fused cluster is composed of two tetrahedral Ru3S and Ru2B2, a flat butterfly Ru3S and one octadecahedron Co2RuB7S core with one missing vertex, coordinated to Ru2SCH2S2 through two boron and one ruthenium atom. On the other hand, the room temperature reaction of nido-2 with Co2(CO)8 produced one 19-vertex fused metallaheteroborane cluster [(Cp*Rh)2B6H4S4Co(CO)2Co(CO)22(μ-CO)SCo(CO)32], 8. Cluster 8 contains one nido-decaborane Rh2B6S2, one butterfly Co2S2 and one bicapped square pyramidal Co6S unit that exhibits an intercluster fusion with two sulfur atoms in common. Clusters 3–6 have been characterized by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and structurally determined by XRD analyses. Furthermore, the DFT calculations have been carried out to gain insight into electronic, structural and bonding patterns of the synthesized clusters.

In an effort to synthesize metallaheteroborane clusters of higher nuclearity, the reactivity of metallaheteroboranes, nido-[(Cp*M)[sub.2] B[sub.6] S[sub.2] H[sub.4] (CS[sub.3] )] (Cp* = C[sub.5] Me[sub.5] ) (1: M = Co; 2: M = Rh) with various metal carbonyls have been investigated. Photolysis of nido-1 and nido-2 with group 6 metal carbonyls, M’(CO)[sub.5] .THF (M’ = Mo or W) were performed that led to the formation of a series of adducts [(Cp*M)[sub.2] B[sub.6] S[sub.2] H[sub.4] (CS[sub.3] )M’(CO)[sub.5] ] (3: M = Co, M’ = Mo; 4: M = Co, M’ = W; 5: M = Rh, M’ = Mo; 6: M = Rh, M’ = W) instead of cluster expansion reactions. In these adducts, the S atom of C=S group of di(thioboralane)thione B[sub.2] CS[sub.3] moiety is coordinated to M’(CO)[sub.5] (M = Mo or W) in η[sup.1] -fashion. On the other hand, thermolysis of nido-1 with Ru[sub.3] (CO)[sub.12] yielded one fused metallaheteroborane cluster [Ru(CO)[sub.3] [sub.3] SRu(CO)Ru(CO)[sub.2] Co[sub.2] B[sub.6] SH[sub.4] (CH[sub.2] S[sub.2] )Ru(CO)[sub.3] [sub.2] S], 7. This 20-vertex-fused cluster is composed of two tetrahedral Ru[sub.3] S and Ru[sub.2] B[sub.2] , a flat butterfly Ru[sub.3] S and one octadecahedron Co[sub.2] RuB[sub.7] S core with one missing vertex, coordinated to Ru[sub.2] SCH[sub.2] S[sub.2] through two boron and one ruthenium atom. On the other hand, the room temperature reaction of nido-2 with Co[sub.2] (CO)[sub.8] produced one 19-vertex fused metallaheteroborane cluster [(Cp*Rh)[sub.2] B[sub.6] H[sub.4] S[sub.4] Co(CO)[sub.2] Co(CO)[sub.2] [sub.2] (μ-CO)SCo(CO)[sub.3] [sub.2] ], 8. Cluster 8 contains one nido-decaborane Rh[sub.2] B[sub.6] S[sub.2] , one butterfly Co[sub.2] S[sub.2] and one bicapped square pyramidal Co[sub.6] S unit that exhibits an intercluster fusion with two sulfur atoms in common. Clusters 3–6 have been characterized by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and structurally determined by XRD analyses. Furthermore, the DFT calculations have been carried out to gain insight into electronic, structural and bonding patterns of the synthesized clusters.

Improvements in sodium intercalation in sodium cathodes have been debated in recent years. In the present work, we delineate the significant effect of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their weight percent in the intercalation capacity of the binder-free manganese vanadium oxide (MVO)-CNTs composite electrodes. The performance modification of the electrode is discussed taking into account the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer under optimal performance. We observe an intermittent distribution of the chemical phases on the CEI, formed on these electrodes after several cycles. The bulk and superficial structure of pristine and Na+ cycled electrodes were identified via micro-Raman scattering and Scanning X-ray Photoelectron Microscopy. We show that the inhomogeneous CEI layer distribution strongly depends on the CNTs weight percentage ratio in an electrode nano-composite. The capacity fading of MVO-CNTs appears to be associated with the dissolution of the Mn2O3 phase, leading to electrode deterioration. This effect is particularly observed in electrodes with low weight percentage of the CNTs in which the tubular topology of the CNTs are distorted due to the MVO decoration. These results can deepen the understanding of the CNTs role on the intercalation mechanism and capacity of the electrode, where there are variations in the mass ratio of CNTs and the active material.

Improvements in sodium intercalation in sodium cathodes have been debated in recent years. In the present work, we delineate the significant effect of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their weight percent in the intercalation capacity of the binder-free manganese vanadium oxide (MVO)-CNTs composite electrodes. The performance modification of the electrode is discussed taking into account the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer under optimal performance. We observe an intermittent distribution of the chemical phases on the CEI, formed on these electrodes after several cycles. The bulk and superficial structure of pristine and Na[sup.+] cycled electrodes were identified via micro-Raman scattering and Scanning X-ray Photoelectron Microscopy. We show that the inhomogeneous CEI layer distribution strongly depends on the CNTs weight percentage ratio in an electrode nano-composite. The capacity fading of MVO-CNTs appears to be associated with the dissolution of the Mn[sub.2] O[sub.3] phase, leading to electrode deterioration. This effect is particularly observed in electrodes with low weight percentage of the CNTs in which the tubular topology of the CNTs are distorted due to the MVO decoration. These results can deepen the understanding of the CNTs role on the intercalation mechanism and capacity of the electrode, where there are variations in the mass ratio of CNTs and the active material.

The modifications in the electronic properties induced by the thickness and size of an individual flake of transition-metal halides on different substrates (silicon oxide or In-doped tin oxide) are of particular technological interest, even more in the case of chromium trihalides (CrX 3 , X = Cl, Br, and I), whose longer lifetime under ambient conditions is particularly intriguing. By using synchrotron-based scanning photoelectron microscopy with a resolution of 0.1 μm and Kelvin probe force microscopy, we evaluated the surface modification reaction and the surface potential. Our results established the correlations of the two latter properties with the thickness of flakes, observing a natural tendency to preserve their characteristic when the flakes have significantly less thickness. This is in contrast to thicker flakes, which show alteration patterns similar to those observed in bulk-cleaved samples (Kazim, S.; Mastrippolito, D.; Moras, P.; Jugovac, M.; Klimczuk, T.; Ali, M.; Ottaviano, L.; Gunnella, R. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2023 , 25 , 3806–3814. doi:10.1039/D2CP04586A). This preliminary study investigates interfaces made by dry transfer of CrCl 3 flakes in an atmospheric environment. Cl vacancies and the formation of O/CrCl 3 are induced, serving as dissociation centers that facilitate the migration of Cl vacancies between the top and bottom surfaces. By manipulating 2D atomic layers via surface oxidation or the introduction of surface vacancies, a novel and versatile approach is unveiled for the development of low-dimensional multifunctional nanodevices.

Improvements in sodium intercalation in sodium cathodes have been debated in recent years. In the present work, we delineate the significant effect of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their weight percent in the intercalation capacity of the binder-free manganese vanadium oxide (MVO)-CNTs composite electrodes. The performance modification of the electrode is discussed taking into account the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer under optimal performance. We observe an intermittent distribution of the chemical phases on the CEI, formed on these electrodes after several cycles. The bulk and superficial structure of pristine and Na+ cycled electrodes were identified via micro-Raman scattering and Scanning X-ray Photoelectron Microscopy. We show that the inhomogeneous CEI layer distribution strongly depends on the CNTs weight percentage ratio in an electrode nano-composite. The capacity fading of MVO-CNTs appears to be associated with the dissolution of the Mn2O3 phase, leading to electrode deterioration. This effect is particularly observed in electrodes with low weight percentage of the CNTs in which the tubular topology of the CNTs are distorted due to the MVO decoration. These results can deepen the understanding of the CNTs role on the intercalation mechanism and capacity of the electrode, where there are variations in the mass ratio of CNTs and the active material.

In an effort to synthesize metallaheteroborane clusters of higher nuclearity, the reactivity of metallaheteroboranes, -[(Cp*M) B S H (CS )] (Cp* = C Me ) ( : M = Co; : M = Rh) with various metal carbonyls have been investigated. Photolysis of - and - with group 6 metal carbonyls, M'(CO) .THF (M' = Mo or W) were performed that led to the formation of a series of adducts [(Cp*M) B S H (CS ){M'(CO) }] ( : M = Co, M' = Mo; : M = Co, M' = W; : M = Rh, M' = Mo; : M = Rh, M' = W) instead of cluster expansion reactions. In these adducts, the S atom of C=S group of di(thioboralane)thione {B CS } moiety is coordinated to M'(CO) (M = Mo or W) in -fashion. On the other hand, thermolysis of - with Ru (CO) yielded one fused metallaheteroborane cluster [{Ru(CO) } S{Ru(CO)}{Ru(CO) }Co B SH (CH S ){Ru(CO) } S], . This 20-vertex-fused cluster is composed of two tetrahedral {Ru S} and {Ru B }, a flat butterfly {Ru S} and one octadecahedron {Co RuB S} core with one missing vertex, coordinated to {Ru SCH S } through two boron and one ruthenium atom. On the other hand, the room temperature reaction of - with Co (CO) produced one 19-vertex fused metallaheteroborane cluster [(Cp*Rh) B H S {Co(CO)} {Co(CO) } ( -CO)S{Co(CO) } ], . Cluster contains one -decaborane {Rh B S }, one butterfly {Co S } and one bicapped square pyramidal {Co S} unit that exhibits an intercluster fusion with two sulfur atoms in common. Clusters - have been characterized by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and structurally determined by XRD analyses. Furthermore, the DFT calculations have been carried out to gain insight into electronic, structural and bonding patterns of the synthesized clusters.

Parallel execution of smart contract transactions in large multicore architectures is critical for higher efficiency and improved throughput. The main bottleneck for maximizing the throughput of a node through parallel execution is transaction conflict resolution: when two transactions interact with the same data, like an account balance, their order matters. Imagine one transaction sends tokens from account A to account B, and another tries to send tokens from account B to account C. If the second transaction happens before the first one, the token balance in account B might be wrong, causing the entire system to break. Conflicts like these must be managed carefully, or you end up with an inconsistent, unusable blockchain state. Traditional software transactional memory (STM) has been identified as a possible abstraction for the concurrent execution of transactions within a block, with Block-STM pioneering its application for efficient blockchain transaction processing on multicore validator nodes. This paper presents a parallel execution methodology that leverages conflict specification information of the transactions for block transactional memory (BTM) algorithms. Our experimental analysis, conducted over synthetic transactional workloads and real-world blocks, demonstrates that BTMs leveraging conflict specifications outperform their plain counterparts on both EVM and MoveVM. Our proposed BTM implementations achieve up to 1.75x speedup over sequential execution and outperform the state-of-the-art Parallel-EVM (PEVM) execution by up to 1.33x across synthetic workloads.