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Acute radiation dermatitis is a frequent adverse effect of radiotherapy, but standardisation of care for acute radiation dermatitis is lacking. Due to the conflicting evidence and variability in current guidelines, a four-round Delphi consensus process was used to compile opinions of 42 international experts on care for people with acute radiation dermatitis on the basis of the evidence in existing medical literature. Interventions for acute radiation dermatitis prevention or management that reached at least 75% consensus were recommended for clinical use. Six interventions could be recommended for the prevention of acute radiation dermatitis: photobiomodulation therapy and Mepitel film in people with breast cancer, Hydrofilm, mometasone, betamethasone, and olive oil. Mepilex Lite dressings were recommended for the management of acute radiation dermatitis. Most interventions were not recommended due to insufficient evidence, conflicting evidence, or lack of consensus to support use, suggesting a need for further research. Clinicians can consider implementing recommended interventions in their practice to prevent and manage acute radiation dermatitis until additional evidence becomes available.

Background: Adductor canal block (ACB) and local infiltration analgesia (LIA) are frequently used to manage pain in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Purpose: To compare the difference in pain scores and opioid consumption between ACB and LIA for ancillary pain management in patients after ACLR. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Studies that compared pain scores at 2, 6, 12, or 24 hours after ACLR or provided information on 24-hour opioid consumption were included. Of 240 publications initially screened by abstract and title, 4 studies were included, and data related to participant characteristics, anesthetic technique, and pain-related outcomes were extracted. The standardized mean difference (MD) in pain scores and morphine milligram equivalents consumed in 24 hours was compared using a random-effects model. Results: In all studies, ropivacaine was the primary anesthetic used for LIA and ACB, with 1 study also employing bupivacaine as an alternative. The difference in pain scores between LIA and ACB was not significant at 2 hours (MD, 0.04 [95% CI, –0.22 to 0.29]; P = .79), 6 hours (MD, 0.16 [95% CI, –0.20 to 0.52]; P = .39), 12 hours (MD, 0.54 [95% CI, –0.49 to 1.56]; P = .31), or 24 hours (MD, 0.12 [95% CI, –0.10 to 0.34]; P = .28). The difference in morphine milligram equivalents was also not statistically significant (MD, –0.07 [95% CI, –0.25 to 0.11]; P = .68). Conclusion: From this review, the authors suggest considering LIA over ACB because of its potential to offer comparable pain relief and opioid consumption while being less time intensive. However, the study results should be interpreted with caution, given the limited number of studies included.

High energy mechanical milling （HEMM） of a stoichiometric mixture of molybdenum and metal chalcogenides （CuT and MOT2; T = S, Se） followed by heat treatment at elevated temperatures was successfully applied to synthesize Chevrel phases （Cu2Mo6T8; T = S, Se） as positive electrodes for rechargeable magnesium batteries. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, thermogravimetric analyses （TGA）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） were used to understand the phase formation following milling and heat treatment. CuS and Mo were observed to react at 714-800 K and formed an intermediate ternary Chevrel phase （Cu1.83Mo3S4）, which further reacted with residual Mo and MoS2 to form the desired Cu2MosSs. Quantitative XRD analysis shows the formation of a -96%-98% Chevrel phase at 30 min following the milling and heat treatment. The electrochemical performance of de-cuprated Mo6S8 and Mo6Ses phases were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry （CV）, galvanostatic cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. The results of the CV and galvanostatic cycling data showed the expected anodic/cathodic behavior and a stable capacity after the first cycle with the formation of MgxMo6T8 （T = S, Se; 1 ≤ x 〈 2）. EIS at -0.1 V intervals for the Mo6Ss electrode during the first and second cycle shows that partial Mg-ion trapping resulted in an increase in charge transfer resistance Re. In contrast, the interfacial resistance Ri remained constant, and no significant trapping was evident during the galvanostatic cycling of the Mo6,Se8 electrode. Importantly, the ease of preparation, stable capacity, high Coulombic efficient35 and excellent rate capabilities render HEMM a viable route to laboratory-scale production of Chevrel phases for use as positive electrodes for rechargeable magnesium batteries.

Organ level simulation of bioelectric behavior in the body benefits from flexible and efficient models of cellular membrane potential. These computational organ and cell models can be used to study the impact of pharmaceutical drugs, test hypotheses, assess risk and for closed-loop validation of medical devices. To move closer to the real-time requirements of this modeling a new flexible Fourier based general membrane potential model, called as a Resonant model, is developed that is computationally inexpensive. The new model accurately reproduces non-linear potential morphologies for a variety of cell types. Specifically, the method is used to model human and rabbit sinoatrial node, human ventricular myocyte and squid giant axon electrophysiology. The Resonant models are validated with experimental data and with other published models. Dynamic changes in biological conditions are modeled with changing model coefficients and this approach enables ionic channel alterations to be captured. The Resonant model is used to simulate entrainment between competing sinoatrial node cells. These models can be easily implemented in low-cost digital hardware and an alternative, resource-efficient implementations of sine and cosine functions are presented and it is shown that a Fourier term is produced with two additions and a binary shift.

Background Forage sorghum is a highly valued crop in livestock feed production due to its versatility, adaptability, high productivity, and resilience under adverse environmental conditions, making it a crucial option for sustainable forage production. This study aimed to investigate ninety-five forage sorghum genotypes and identify the marker – trait associations (MTAs) in adaptive traits, including yield and flowering through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Results Using 41,854 polymorphic SNPs, a GWAS involving the GLM, MLM, and FarmCPU models was performed to analyse fourteen adaptive traits. The population structure revealed the presence of two subpopulation groups. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) plots showed varying degrees of LD decay across the chromosomes, with an average LD decay of 19.49 kbp. Twelve common significant QTNs, encoding 17 putative candidate genes, were simultaneously co-detected and studied by at least two or more GWAS methods. Three QTNs were associated to days to 50% flowering; two each to leaf-to-stem ratio and number of nodes per plant; and one each to plant height, leaf width, number of leaves per plant, stem girth, and internodal length. Six candidate genes were associated with days to 50% flowering, two each with leaf width, stem girth, leaf-to-stem ratio, and number of nodes per plant, and one each with plant height, number of leaves per plant, and internodal length. Conclusion FarmCPU was identified as the most suitable and effective among all the models for controlling both false positives and false negatives. Further in-depth analysis of the newly discovered QTNs may lead to the identification of new candidate genes for the trait of interest. These studies elucidate gene functions and could transform forage sorghum breeding through marker-assisted selection and transgenic approaches, accelerating the development of superior forage sorghum varieties and enhancing global food security.

The genetic basis and expression patterns of key genes are important aspects of study to understand the colouration. This trait differs between wild and domesticated fish which is a matter of research. Botia dario is an indigenous fish, having ornamental and aesthetic value, which shows faded appearance in terms of colour in domesticated condition than wild. In the present study the carotenoid-fed B . dario were examined through incorporation of marigold petal meal in the diets at the rate of 5, 10 and 15% w/w along with wild fish. The carotenoid content of tissues that is skin, muscle and intestine along with intensity of colouration increased in a dose dependant manner of carotenoid in the diet. Important carotenoid-based colouration genes that is csf1r , BCDO2 , SR-B1 , MLN64 , STAR5 , GSTA2 and PLIN2 were characterized in the fish, to find out their role in fish pigmentation. The significant difference (p < 0.05) in the expression of these genes in different tissues, when compared among carotenoid-fed domesticated and wild fish, revealed the mechanism responsible for faded colouration and also revealed the means to enhance colour in the fish.

Device-assisted enteroscopy has revolutionized the management of small-bowel disorders (SBD). No study to date has compared both novel motorized spiral enteroscopy (NMSE) and single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) as a randomized controlled trial. Hence, this study was planned to include patients having SBD with the primary aim to compare the total enteroscopy rate (TER). This study was conducted at the Asian Institute of Gastroenterology (AIG Hospitals), Hyderabad, India, from September 20, 2022, to December 15, 2022. All consecutive patients, older than 18 years with suspected SBD, and planned for total enteroscopy were screened for inclusion. The primary outcome was to compare the TER, and secondary outcomes were to compare the technical success, time taken to reach the depth of maximal insertion, withdrawal time, total procedure time, diagnostic yield, therapeutic success, and adverse events (AE). Seventy-two patients of the 110 patients screened were randomized in either NMSE (n = 35) or SBE (n = 37) group. The most common indication for the procedures was obscure gastrointestinal bleed (48%), others being unexplained abdominal pain with indeterminate radiologic findings (32%) and chronic diarrhea (20%). In NMSE group, the TER was 71.4%, whereas in the SBE group, it was 10.8% ( P < 0.0001). The total procedure time (minutes) was much lesser with NMSE (58.17 ± 21.5 minutes) vs SBE (114.2 ± 33.5 minutes) ( P < 0.0001). The diagnostic yield of NMSE (80%) was comparatively higher than SBE (62.1%) ( P = 0.096). Minor AE (grade I) were observed in both the groups: NMSE 8.5% (3/35) and SBE 5.4% (2/37). This randomized controlled trial shows that with NMSE higher TER can be achieved in shorter duration with minimal AE, compared with SBE.

BackgroundGut dysbiosis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Crohn`s Disease (CD). The microbial profile of treatment-naive CD patients in India has not been evaluated. We aimed to analyse the fecal microbiota and develop a machine-learning model to predict the disease using microbial signatures and other diagnostic markers.MethodsDNA from fecal samples (treatment naïve CD=27, Healthy=29) were subjected to 16SrDNA-V4 sequencing. Amplicon Sequence Variants were analysed on the STAMP tool with Welch`s T-Test (p<0.05; q<0.05). Predictive metagenomics using the PICRUSt tool was performed and significant genes and metabolic pathways were identified (q<0.001, effect-size >2.5). Machine Learning (ML) algorithm was employed to assess prediction accuracy (CD vs Healthy;60% training set).ResultsThe gut microbiome of treatment naïve Indian CD showed significant dysbiosis from Healthy Control (HC) with the following prominent findings: (i) Significant decrease in α and β-diversity (p=4.2e-5; p=0.001 resp.) in CD compared to HC (IDDF2023-ABS-0242 Figure 1 (A)Shannon Index and Bray-Curtis β-diversity). (ii) 5 phyla,16 genera were significantly different between CD and HC (IDDF2023-ABS-0242 Figure 1(B), IDDF2023-ABS-0242 Figure 2). (iii) A novel microbial signature with 9 non-overlapping taxa was identified that could distinguish Indian CD from HC (IDDF2023-ABS-0242 Figure 3). (iv) Predictive metagenomics revealed 76 pathways (IDDF2023-ABS-0242 Figure 4) significantly different between CD and HC. (v) An ML-model to distinguish CD-HC using 235 genera as predictors achieved an accuracy of 88% (0.95AUC); 89% (0.97AUC) with significant pathways and 82.6% (0.92AUC) using 15 diagnostic markers. A multi-way-importance plot was drawn to depict the top 10 genera, pathway and diagnostic markers as predictors for CD (IDDF2023-ABS-0242 Figure 5. ROC curve based on Random Forest classifier with confusion matrix as inset). (vi)Our data was compared to published Western studies to identify unique and common features relative to respective healthy controls (IDDF2023-ABS-0242 Figure 6).ConclusionsWe have identified a unique gut microbiome signature in treatment naïve CD patients in India. Interestingly, a machine learning microbiome-based classifier could accurately predict CD from healthy. Further multi-centric studies with a diverse population are warranted to identify universal biomarkers.Abstract IDDF2023-ABS-0242 Figure 1(A) Shannon Index and Bray-Curtis β-diversityAbstract IDDF2023-ABS-0242 Figure 2Abstract IDDF2023-ABS-0242 Figure 3Abstract IDDF2023-ABS-0242 Figure 4Abstract IDDF2023-ABS-0242 Figure 5ROC curve based on Random Forest classifier with confusion matrix as insetAbstract IDDF2023-ABS-0242 Figure 6

Herbal waste produced during the manufacturing of herbal products is a potential feedstock for anaerobic digestion due to high amount of organic matter that can be transformed into biogas as an energy resource. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to convert herbal waste produced during the manufacturing of common of Ayurveda products into biogas through anaerobic digestion process using batch test study under controlled mesophilic temperature conditions of 35 °C with food to inoculum ratio of 0.75. The maximum biomethane potential (BMP) of 0.90 ( gCH 4 COD/g COD fed ) and sludge activity of 0.70 (gCH 4 -CD/gVSS) was exhibited by WS herbal waste owing to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 4 g/g and better solubilization potential of the organic matter showing change in volatile suspended solids (ΔVSS) of 79%. On the other hand, the waste derived from the TA herb, exhibited the least biogas yield of 0.55 ( gCH 4 COD/g COD fed ) and sludge activity of 0.40 (gCH 4 -CD/gVSS), albeit with higher organic matter present. This was due to the possible hindrance of waste solubilization by the presence of lignin. The waste derived from VVL and PE showed intermediate BMP and sludge activity. The methane generation rate constant ( k ), a key indicator of the biodegradation potential, was also evaluated. The k values showed similar trend as of BMP values ranging from 0.081 to 0.15 d −1 thus indicating the influence of presence of lignin and the change in ΔVSS. The present study proves anaerobic digestion to be an alternative treatment method to be a milestone for management of herbal wastes and can be successfully implemented on real-scale systems.

Forage sorghum is a highly valued crop in livestock feed production due to its versatility, adaptability, high productivity, and resilience under adverse environmental conditions, making it a crucial option for sustainable forage production. This study aimed to investigate ninety-five forage sorghum genotypes and identify the marker - trait associations (MTAs) in adaptive traits, including yield and flowering through genome-wide association studies (GWAS).BACKGROUNDForage sorghum is a highly valued crop in livestock feed production due to its versatility, adaptability, high productivity, and resilience under adverse environmental conditions, making it a crucial option for sustainable forage production. This study aimed to investigate ninety-five forage sorghum genotypes and identify the marker - trait associations (MTAs) in adaptive traits, including yield and flowering through genome-wide association studies (GWAS).Using 41,854 polymorphic SNPs, a GWAS involving the GLM, MLM, and FarmCPU models was performed to analyse fourteen adaptive traits. The population structure revealed the presence of two subpopulation groups. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) plots showed varying degrees of LD decay across the chromosomes, with an average LD decay of 19.49 kbp. Twelve common significant QTNs, encoding 17 putative candidate genes, were simultaneously co-detected and studied by at least two or more GWAS methods. Three QTNs were associated to days to 50% flowering; two each to leaf-to-stem ratio and number of nodes per plant; and one each to plant height, leaf width, number of leaves per plant, stem girth, and internodal length. Six candidate genes were associated with days to 50% flowering, two each with leaf width, stem girth, leaf-to-stem ratio, and number of nodes per plant, and one each with plant height, number of leaves per plant, and internodal length.RESULTSUsing 41,854 polymorphic SNPs, a GWAS involving the GLM, MLM, and FarmCPU models was performed to analyse fourteen adaptive traits. The population structure revealed the presence of two subpopulation groups. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) plots showed varying degrees of LD decay across the chromosomes, with an average LD decay of 19.49 kbp. Twelve common significant QTNs, encoding 17 putative candidate genes, were simultaneously co-detected and studied by at least two or more GWAS methods. Three QTNs were associated to days to 50% flowering; two each to leaf-to-stem ratio and number of nodes per plant; and one each to plant height, leaf width, number of leaves per plant, stem girth, and internodal length. Six candidate genes were associated with days to 50% flowering, two each with leaf width, stem girth, leaf-to-stem ratio, and number of nodes per plant, and one each with plant height, number of leaves per plant, and internodal length.FarmCPU was identified as the most suitable and effective among all the models for controlling both false positives and false negatives. Further in-depth analysis of the newly discovered QTNs may lead to the identification of new candidate genes for the trait of interest. These studies elucidate gene functions and could transform forage sorghum breeding through marker-assisted selection and transgenic approaches, accelerating the development of superior forage sorghum varieties and enhancing global food security.CONCLUSIONFarmCPU was identified as the most suitable and effective among all the models for controlling both false positives and false negatives. Further in-depth analysis of the newly discovered QTNs may lead to the identification of new candidate genes for the trait of interest. These studies elucidate gene functions and could transform forage sorghum breeding through marker-assisted selection and transgenic approaches, accelerating the development of superior forage sorghum varieties and enhancing global food security.