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"Patel, Prashant"
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IoT in healthcare systems : applications, benefits, challenges and case studies
\"Implementing new information technologies into the healthcare sector can provide alternatives to managing patients' health records, systems, and improving the quality of care received. This book provides an overview of IoT technologies related to the healthcare field and covers the main advantages and disadvantages along with industry case studies\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Viscosity Approximation for Split Equality Generalized Mixed Equilibrium Problems With Semigroups of Nonexpansive Mappings
The paper proposes a viscosity approximation algorithm for approximating fixed points. The study in this paper demonstrates that without having the prior estimations of operator norm and semicompactness of one-parameter semigroups of nonexpansive mappings, the algorithm converges strongly to the solution of split equality generalized mixed equilibrium problem (SEGMEP).MSC2010 Classification: Primary 47H10, 47H09, 47J05, 47J25, 54H25
Journal Article
A Drosophila model of HPV16-induced cancer reveals conserved disease mechanism
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) cause almost all cervical cancers and a significant number of vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV16 and 18 are the most prevalent types among HR-HPVs and together cause more than 70% of all cervical cancers. Low vaccination rate and lack of molecularly-targeted therapeutics for primary therapy have led to a slow reduction in cervical cancer incidence and high mortality rate. Hence, creating new models of HPV-induced cancer that can facilitate understanding of the disease mechanism and identification of key cellular targets of HPV oncogenes are important for development of new interventions. Here in this study, we used the tissue-specific expression technique, Gal4-UAS, to establish the first Drosophila model of HPV16-induced cancer. Using this technique, we expressed HPV16 oncogenes E5, E6, E7 and the human E3 ligase (hUBE3A) specifically in the epithelia of Drosophila eye, which allows simple phenotype scoring without affecting the viability of the organism. We found that, as in human cells, hUBE3A is essential for cellular abnormalities caused by HPV16 oncogenes in flies. Several proteins targeted for degradation by HPV16 oncoproteins in human cells were also reduced in the Drosophila epithelial cells. Cell polarity and adhesion were compromised, resulting in impaired epithelial integrity. Cells did not differentiate to the specific cell types of ommatidia, but instead were transformed into neuron-like cells. These cells extended axon-like structures to connect to each other and exhibited malignant behavior, migrating away to distant sites. Our findings suggest that given the high conservation of genes and signaling pathways between humans and flies, the Drosophila model of HPV16- induced cancer could serve as an excellent model for understanding the disease mechanism and discovery of novel molecularly-targeted therapeutics.
Journal Article
A lightweight magnetically shielded room with active shielding
Magnetically shielded rooms (MSRs) use multiple layers of materials such as MuMetal to screen external magnetic fields that would otherwise interfere with high precision magnetic field measurements such as magnetoencephalography (MEG). Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have enabled the development of wearable MEG systems which have the potential to provide a motion tolerant functional brain imaging system with high spatiotemporal resolution. Despite significant promise, OPMs impose stringent magnetic shielding requirements, operating around a zero magnetic field resonance within a dynamic range of ± 5 nT. MSRs developed for OPM-MEG must therefore effectively shield external sources and provide a low remnant magnetic field inside the enclosure. Existing MSRs optimised for OPM-MEG are expensive, heavy, and difficult to site. Electromagnetic coils are used to further cancel the remnant field inside the MSR enabling participant movements during OPM-MEG, but present coil systems are challenging to engineer and occupy space in the MSR limiting participant movements and negatively impacting patient experience. Here we present a lightweight MSR design (30% reduction in weight and 40–60% reduction in external dimensions compared to a standard OPM-optimised MSR) which takes significant steps towards addressing these barriers. We also designed a ‘window coil’ active shielding system, featuring a series of simple rectangular coils placed directly onto the walls of the MSR. By mapping the remnant magnetic field inside the MSR, and the magnetic field produced by the coils, we can identify optimal coil currents and cancel the remnant magnetic field over the central cubic metre to just |
B
|= 670 ± 160 pT. These advances reduce the cost, installation time and siting restrictions of MSRs which will be essential for the widespread deployment of OPM-MEG.
Journal Article
Etiologies, Trends, and Predictors of 30-Day Readmission in Patients With Heart Failure
Heart failure (HF) is the most common discharge diagnosis across the United States, and these patients are particularly vulnerable to readmissions, increasing attention to potential ways to address the problem. The study cohort was derived from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Readmission Data 2013, sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. HF was identified using appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Readmission was defined as a subsequent hospital admission within 30 days after discharge day of index admission. Readmission causes were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes in primary diagnosis filed. The primary outcome was 30-day readmission. Hierarchical 2-level logistic models were used to evaluate study outcomes. From a total 301,892 principal admissions (73.4% age ≥65 years and 50.6% men), 55,857 (18.5%) patients were readmitted with a total of 64,264 readmissions during the study year. Among the etiologies of readmission, cardiac causes (49.8%) were most common (HF being most common followed by coronary artery disease and arrhythmias), whereas pulmonary causes were responsible for 13.1% and renal causes for 8.9% of the readmissions. Significant predictors of increased 30-day readmission included diabetes (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, p value: 1.06, 1.03 to 1.08, p <0.001), chronic lung disease (1.13, 1.11 to 1.16, p <0.001), renal failure/electrolyte imbalance (1.12, 1.10 to 1.15, p <0.001), discharge to facilities (1.07, 1.04 to 1.09, p <0.001), lengthier hospital stay, and transfusion during index admission. In conclusion, readmission after a hospitalization for HF is common. Although it may be necessary to readmit some patients, the striking rate of readmission demands efforts to further clarify the determinants of readmission and develop strategies in terms of quality of care and care transitions to prevent this adverse outcome.
Journal Article
Rapid and Automatic Reachability Estimation of Electric Propulsion Spacecraft
Reachable and controllable sets for electric propulsion spacecraft are important to many problems including: dynamic replanning, robust mission design, space situational awareness, assessing advanced concepts, and threat assessments. Current methods result in a two-point boundary value problem or are limited in their application. The reachable and controllable problem is solved using an multistage indirect approach. The paper demonstrates our formulation enables rapid, reliable, and autonomous estimates of the reachable and controllable sets. Numerical examples show that the algorithms work in strong multibody environments (i.e., flybys) and incorporates uncertainty in initial conditions. These conditions make the algorithm suitable for space situational awareness and cislunar applications.
Journal Article
Prioritizing Sustainability Dimensions in Locally Focused Tourism: An Advanced Ranking Approach
Locally focused tourism (LFT) promotes sustainable development by prioritizing local community empowerment through local engagement, preservation of cultural traditions, and equitable economic participation. However, aligning these local development goals with the interests of tourism investors and authorities is still a significant challenge. The current study addresses this gap by ranking four key sustainability pillars, namely, economic, environmental, social, and cultural sustainability with a hybrid soft computing approach combining fuzzy sets and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), that is, fuzzy AHP. Findings reveal environmental sustainability as the highest priority, followed by economic, cultural, and social dimensions. An intelligent information system was developed to find these rankings, serving as a decision‐support tool for both policymakers and tourism administrators. The framework balances both the investment priorities and LFT values, by offering a path toward long‐term, environmentally responsible, and culturally sensitive tourism planning, and is achieved by systematically prioritizing sustainability dimensions through expert‐driven soft computing modeling, which ensures environmental and community‐centric factors are not dominated by purely economic interests, while still acknowledging investment viability.
Journal Article
The outcomes of biliary drainage by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography for the palliation of malignant biliary obstruction in England between 2001 and 2014: a retrospective cohort study
IntroductionRelieving obstructive jaundice in inoperable pancreato-biliary cancers improves quality of life and permits chemotherapy. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with drainage and/or stenting relieves jaundice but can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in malignant biliary obstruction was therefore examined in a national cohort to establish risk factors for poor outcomes.MethodsRetrospective study of adult patients undergoing PTBD for palliation of pancreato-biliary cancer in England between 2001 and 2014 identified from Hospital Episode Statistics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations with mortality and the need for a repeat PTBD within 2 months.Results16 822 patients analysed (median age 72 (range 19–104) years, 50.3% men). 58% pancreatic and 30% biliary tract cancer. In-hospital and 30-day mortality were 15.3% (95% CI 14.7% to 15.9%) and 23.1% (22.4%–23.8%), respectively. 20.2% suffered a coded complication within 3 months. Factors associated with 30-day mortality: age (≥81 years OR 2.68 (95% CI 2.37 to 3.03), p<0.001), increasing comorbidity (Charlson score 20+, 3.10 (2.64–3.65), p<0.001), pre-existing renal dysfunction (2.37 (2.12–2.65), p<0.001) and non-pancreatic cancer (unspecified biliary tract 1.28 (1.08–1.52), p=0.004). Women had lower mortality (0.91 (0.84–0.98), p=0.011), as did patients undergoing PTBD in a ‘higher volume’ provider (84–180 PTBDs per year 0.68 (0.58–0.79), p<0.001).ConclusionsIn patients undergoing PTBD for the palliation of malignant biliary obstruction, 30-day mortality was high at 23.1%. Mortality was higher in older patients, men, those with increasing comorbidity, a cancer site other than pancreas and at ‘lower-volume’ PTBD providers.
Journal Article
A New Fixed‐Point Framework for Nonexpansive and Averaged Mappings in Normed GE‐Algebras
In this paper, we develop a systematic framework for studying fixed‐point theory in the setting of normed GE‐algebras. Building on the GE‐norm, we introduce and analyze nonexpansive mappings, α‐averaged mappings, and enriched contractions with respect to the quasimetric induced by the GE‐norm. Several new fixed point results are established, including the nonexpansiveness of averaged operators, a demiclosedness principle, and the sequential closedness of fixed‐point sets. We further prove convergence theorems for Picard‐type iterations associated with α‐averaged and enriched nonexpansive mappings, thereby extending classical fixed point principles from normed linear and metric spaces to the broader, nonsymmetric, and algebraic setting of GE‐algebras. The results presented here demonstrate that normed GE‐algebras provide a natural and robust framework for nonlinear operator theory and open new directions for fixed point analysis within algebraic systems.
Journal Article