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In these days, conservation of the environment is the vital theme of the globe. For that green materials are being discovered to a greater extent. By dint of exclusive properties like optical and electronic properties, water solubility, exceptional biocompatibility, low toxicity and influential chemical inertness of carbon nanodots (CDs) have been extensively investigated systematically and applied in many fields. One can increase the applicability of photostable and biocompatible CDs by doping of nitrogen, sulfur and/or other organic or inorganic materials. In particular, CDs are at present intensifying as a class of potential fluorescent explore in account of their low photobleaching and versatile surfaces. In this review article, we discuss a range of “green” sources along with diverse synthetic routes and photo- and electron properties of this unique material and also provide further insight for improvement in their functionality using various dopants and arouse further research into their potential applications, such as photovoltaics, bioimaging, nanodots-sensitized solar cells, energy conversion, optoelectronics, supercapacitor and light-emitting devices. For each topic, the most relevant end results reported in the literature are accessed with some considerations on the future perspectives.

We demonstrate the infiltration of ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) skeleton within robust Co metal loaded mesoporous zeolites viz. Co/ZSM-5 and/or Co/HY to prepare the ([BMIM]BF 4 @Co/ZSM-5) and/or ([BMIM]BF 4 @Co/HY) host–guest systems and characterized by various physico–chemical techniques. The catalytic activity of these catalysts was investigated in the liquid phase Baeyer–Villiger (BV) oxidation of cyclohexanone under solvent-free condition. Amongst them, [BMIM]BF 4 @Co/HY was found to be potential candidate by showing excellent performance with 54.88% conversion of cyclohexanone and 86.36% ε-caprolactone selectivity with elevated TOF and TON values of 4312.43 h −1 and 25874.58, respectively. In addition to this, the host–guest system could be successfully recycled six times without significant loss of activity.