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Orthostatic hypotension (OH) and blood pressure circadian dysfunctions are common in older adults and may be related to aging-related autonomic nervous system deficits. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between orthostatic and nocturnal blood pressure changes in geriatric outpatients. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 425 Italian individuals aged ≥65 years (mean age 75.8 ± 7.1 years) who attended a hypertension outpatient clinic from January 2013 to January 2020. Each patient underwent orthostatic testing and noninvasive 24-h blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). OH was detected in 38.1% of patients, and these individuals were more likely to have abnormal circadian blood pressure patterns (reverse and nondipper) than those without OH (61.7% vs. 51.7%; p = 0.045). In linear regression, after adjusting for potential confounders, orthostatic and nocturnal changes in systolic blood pressure were inversely associated (β = -0.63, 95% CI [-0.95; -0.32]; p < 0.001). This association was stronger in patients ≥80 years. OH is highly prevalent in older patients and is associated with altered nocturnal blood pressure profiles, especially in the oldest old. Because both OH and altered blood pressure patterns are associated with elevated cardiovascular risk and mortality, our study suggests that elderly patients with OH should undergo noninvasive 24-h blood pressure monitoring.

Cognitive and motor performances decline with ageing, and this may be exacerbated in people with HIV (PWH) due to several factors. The study aimed to compare cognitive and fine motor performance between older adults with and without HIV. We conducted a cross-sectional study of participants ≥ 65 years in the GEPPO cohort using Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (MACE) and Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT). Quality of life, depression, anxiety, and sleep quality were also measured. PWH (n = 239) were younger (73.7 vs. 80.6 years) and more commonly males at birth (85 vs. 25%) than PWoH (n = 52). No significant differences in MACE scores were observed between groups (24 vs. 23, p > 0.900). Time to complete GPT was longer in PWoH (140 vs. 106 s, p = 0.004), with 56% exceeding normative GPT values vs. 24% in PWH (p < 0.001). In multivariate models, older age and lower education predicted worse MACE and GPT scores, whereas benzodiazepine/Z drug use predicted poorer fine motor skills. PWH reported lower quality of life but similar or better depression, anxiety, and sleep scores compared to PWoH. Older PWH show comparable cognitive but better fine motor performance than PWoH. Education and benzodiazepine use emerged as key modifiable or protective factors, underscoring the importance of targeted geriatric and mental health interventions.