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Wound healing involves multiple interrelated processes required to lead to successful healing outcomes. Phagocytosis, inflammation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, energy production, and collagen synthesis are all directly or indirectly dependent on oxygen. Along with other critical factors, such as nutrition and comorbidities, availability of oxygen is a key determinant of healing success. Previously, we have presented a novel oxygenated hydrogel material that can be made into dressings for continuous localized oxygen delivery to wounds. In this study, an acute porcine wound model was used to test the healing benefits of these oxygenated MACF (MACF + O2) hydrogel dressings compared to controls, which included commercial Derma-GelTM hydrogel dressings. Wound closure and histological analyses were performed to assess re-epithelialization, collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and keratinocyte maturation. Results from these assays revealed that wounds treated with MACF + O2 hydrogel dressings closed faster as compared to Derma-Gel (p<0.05). Targeted metabolomics via liquid chromatography separation and mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS/MS) and a biochemical assay determined the concentration of hydroxyproline in wound samples at days 14 and 21, showing that MACF + O2 hydrogel dressings improved wound healing via an upregulated collagen synthesis pathway as compared to Derma-Gel (p<0.05). Histological evidence showed that MACF + O2 hydrogel dressings improve new blood vessel formation and keratinocyte maturation over all other treatments.

Climate change has intensified extreme weather events, posing major challenges to agriculture-dependent regions like Northern Maharashtra. This study analyzed temperature and precipitation extremes across five districts—Nashik, Dhule, Nandurbar, Jalgaon and Ahmednagar using data from 1982 to 2022 with the help of RClimDex model. Key temperature indices, including tropical nights (TR25), warm days (TX90p), and frost days (FD13) showed an increase in warm events and a decline in cool nights and frost days. Reduced diurnal temperature range (DTR) indicated less nighttime cooling, consistent with global warming. For precipitation, extreme rainfall events are rising as indicated by the maximum 1-day precipitation (Rx1day), while consecutive dry days (CDD) are shortening. These shifts heighten risks such as crop heat stress, altered growing seasons, soil erosion, and water management challenges. The study underscores the urgent need for adaptive agricultural strategies, improved irrigation, and early warning systems to mitigate the impacts of climate change and enhance resilience in Northern Maharashtra.

The vast usage of synthetic plastics has led to the global problem of plastic pollution which in turn has positively impacted the concerns regarding microplastic pollution. The major factor responsible for the increased level of pollution is the smaller size of microplastics which helps in its transportation across the globe. It has been found in most remote areas like glaciers and Antarctic regions where it is difficult for other contaminants to reach. This is ensured by the physicochemical cycle of plastic. They can either be produced for different applications or generated through the fragmentation of large plastic particles. Different studies have shown the accumulation of microplastics in different organisms, especially in aquatic animals leading to their entry into the food chain. The ultimate fate of the microplastics is accumulation inside the human body posing the risk of different health conditions like cancer, diabetes, and allergic reactions. The present review summarizes a detailed discussion on the current status of microplastic pollution, their effect on different organisms, and its impact on human health with a case study on the human health risk assessment for analyzing the global rate of microplastic ingestion.

Worldwide ever-augmenting urbanization, modernization, and industrialization have contributed to the release of pernicious compounds and a variety of pollutants into the environment. The pollutants discharged due to industrialization are of global concern. Industrial waste and effluent are comprised of hazardous organic and inorganic chemicals including heavy metals which pose a significant threat to the environment and may bring about numerous diseases or abnormalities in human beings. This brings on greater urgency for remediation of these polluted soil and water using sustainable approaches and mechanisms. In the present research, a multi-metal-resistant, gram-positive, non-virulent bacterial strain Bacillus sp. GH-s29 was isolated from contaminated groundwater of Bhojpur district, Bihar, India. The strain had the potential to develop a biofilm that was able to remediate different heavy metals [arsenic, cadmium, and chromium] from individual and multi-heavy metal solutions. Maximum removal for As (V), Cd (II), and Cr (VI) from individual-metal and the multi-metal solution was observed to be 73.65%, 57.37%, 61.62%, and 48.92%, 28.7%, and 35.46%, respectively. SEM-EDX analysis revealed the sequestration of multi-heavy metals by bacterial biofilm. Further characterization by FTIR analysis ensured that the presence of negatively charged functional groups on the biofilm-EPS such as hydroxyl, phosphate, sulfate, and carboxyl helps in binding to the positively charged metal ions. Thus, Bacillus sp. GH-s29 proved to be an effective and economical alternative for different heavy metal remediation from contaminated sites.

The long-term sustainability of intensive vegetable production systems is threatened by soil degradation and environmental pollution from chemical inputs. A comprehensive seven-year field experiment (2018–2025) was conducted to identify effective organic strategies for tomato (var. PKM-1) cultivation on a medium black soil in Parbhani, India. The study evaluated ten nutrient management regimes in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Treatments included variations of farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC), neem cake, Jivamrut applications, and an integrated organic package. Pooled results demonstrated that 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost (T₂) significantly ( p  < 0.05) outperformed other treatments, yielding the highest tomato fruit yield (22.60 t/ha), gross monetary returns (₹271,690/ha), net monetary returns (₹184,169/ha), and benefit-cost ratio (3.03). This treatment also produced superior fruit quality, evidenced by the highest lycopene content (9.77 mg/100 g), number of fruits per plant (23.86), and individual fruit weight (48.55 g). Treatment T₂ was statistically on par with T₃ (50% RDN through FYM + 50% RDN through VC) for most agronomic and economic parameters. Post-harvest soil analysis revealed that T₂ and T₉ significantly enhanced the soil’s chemical fertility (available N, P, K, and micronutrient status). Nutrient uptake studies confirmed the efficient translation of soil health improvements into plant nutrient assimilation. The study also meticulously tracked year-on-year variations in yield and soil properties, revealing consistent performance trends and the gradual improvement of soil fertility under specific organic amendments. This seven-year, single-site study on a medium black soil demonstrates that, under the tested semi-arid tropical conditions, the consistent application of vermicompost emerged as the most effective organic nutrient management strategy, delivering competitive productivity, economic viability, and enhanced soil fertility. The results suggest that vermicompost can be a cornerstone practice for organic tomato systems in similar agro-ecologies, though validation across a wider range of environments is recommended.

Oflox-TZ, Dto, and Ofnida syrup are well-known antimicrobial combination medications used to treat illnesses caused by parasites and bacteria. Environmentally sustainable model creation for antimicrobial compounds utilizing chemometric application, isosbestic point, and dual wavelength assisted by spectrophotometric and chromatographic analysis using ANOVA comparison with all developed methods. Deconvolution of the spectral overlaps and harmful use of organic solvents in spectrophotometric and chromatographic conditions with these combinations were performed using the partial least squares method, either with or without variable selection methods such as principal component regression. A good agreement was found when comparing the findings of the developed methods statistically to an ANOVA, indicating the efficacy of the suggested methodology. Calibration and validation sets comprising 24 and 12 samples, respectively, were carefully developed using partially factorial designs for the experiments at different dosages. The developed models were validated according to established International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) strategies. For the dual-wavelength approach, Beer’s plot confirmed linearity between 2 and 12 µg/mL for (OFL) and 5 and 30 µg/mL for Tinidazole (TZ) respectively. The mean percent recoveries were found to 101.0% and 102.0% for OFL and TZ. Chemometrics-assisted UV spectrophotometry, employing both partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) analysis models, yielded mean OFL recoveries of 102.3% (PLS) and 102.4% (PCR), and TZ recoveries of 102.6% (PLS) and 102.6% (PCR). Additionally, chromatographic model development using hydrotropic solutions yielded mean percentage recoveries of 100.2% and 100.6% for OFL and TZ, respectively, in commercial drug formulations. The study found that the proposed chemometric-assisted spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods could reliably determine OFL and TZ concentrations in both laboratory-prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical preparations, thereby proving them to be useful analytical instruments for quality control and in-process testing of different pharmaceutical drug preparations. This approach provides a significant outcome over the use of less polluted solvents, making it more precise and economical. Graphical Abstract

The presence of trace metals in wastewater brings serious environmental pollution that threatens human health as well as the ecosystem throughout the world due to their non-biodegradability nature. The present study focuses on the bioremediation of toxic trace metals, namely arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr), using Acalypha wilkesiana leaf raw biomass. The optimization of various process variables was done to determine the removal percentage of trace metal using Acalypha wilkesiana leaf raw biomass, and the optimum conditions were an adsorbent dose of 0.5 g, contact time 10 h, 8 h, and 10 h, process temperature 30 °C, initial concentration of trace metal as 30 µg/L, 30 mg//L, and 40 mg/L, and pH of 7.5, 7 and 7.5 for As 5+ , and Cd 2+ and Cr 6+ , respectively. Acalypha wilkesiana leaf raw biomass is characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential before and after adsorption of the trace metal ions. The study was well fitted for the equilibrium data for Langmuir isotherm for As 5+ , Cd 2+ , and Cr 6+ , Freundlich for As 5+ , Dubinin-Radushkevinch (D-R) for Cr 6+ , and Temkin for As 5+ and Cr 6+ . The adsorption of all three trace metals was confirmed by the kinetics and thermodynamic studies to be following pseudo-second-order kinetics with endothermic as well as spontaneous processes, respectively. Thus, the present study indicates Acalypha wilkesiana leaf raw biomass as an effective and efficient novel biosorbent to remediate different trace metals from aqueous systems with its possible application in existing and novel methods for wastewater management.

Biobased furans have emerged as chemical building blocks for the development of materials because of their diverse scaffolds and as they can be directly prepared from sugars. However, selective, efficient, and cost-effective scalable conversion of biobased furans remains elusive. Here, we report a robust transaminase (TA) from Shimia marina (SMTA) that enables the scalable amination of biobased furanaldehydes with high activity and broad substrate specificity. Crystallographic and mutagenesis analyses provide mechanistic insights and a structural basis for understanding SMTA, which enables a higher substrate conversion. The enzymatic cascade process established in this study allows one-pot synthesis of 2 ,5 - bis (aminomethyl)furan (BAMF) and 5 -(aminomethyl)furan- 2 -carboxylic acid from 5 -hydroxymethylfurfural. The biosynthesis of various furfurylamines, including a one-pot cascade reaction for BAMF generation using whole cells, demonstrates their practical application in the pharmaceutical and polymer industries. Biobased furans are important chemical building blocks for the development of materials, but selective, efficient, and cost-effective scalable conversion of biobased furans remains elusive. Here, the authors report a transaminase from Shimia marina (SMTA) that enables the scalable amination of biobased furanaldehydes with high activity and broad substrate specificity and provide structural and mechanistic insights into SMTA activity.

This study presents a systematic approach for synthesizing spinel-structured Co 3 O 4 thin films using a double hydrothermal synthesis method, followed by an annealing treatment. Variations in reaction time and the incorporation of additional cobalt ions (Co 2+ ) during a secondary hydrothermal process affect the morphology of the synthesized Co 3 O 4 film and its corresponding physicochemical properties. It results in distinctive ultrathin flower-like structures composed of uniformly grown nanowires with diameters ranging from 17 to 84 nm on a conductive substrate. Through this synthesis strategy, we found that C 4 thin film with longer reaction times exhibits superior average specific capacitance, reaching 1072.67 F g -1 at a scan rate of 10 mV s -1 , with an effective mass loading of 8.2 mg cm -2 . The synthesis process assists a substantial amount of active material present on the substrate and creates a unique morphology that increases the surface area available for electrode–electrolyte interaction. This increased surface area facilitates more efficient charge transfer and storage, thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of the thin film. Consequently, this approach offers a promising pathway for developing high-performance materials for energy storage applications.

This study presents a dual surfactant-assisted hydrothermal approach for the synthesis of Co3V2O8 (CoVO) nanostructures and their surfactant-modified derivatives, PVP-assisted Co3V2O8 (P-CoVO) and PVP–SDS co-assisted Co3V2O8 (P/S-CoVO), which were directly grown on nickel foam. The use of PVP and SDS enabled controlled nucleation and growth, yielding a hierarchical nanoflower-like morphology in P/S-CoVO with increased porosity, a higher surface area, and uniform structural features. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization confirmed that surfactant incorporation effectively modulated particle size, dispersion, and active-site availability. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that P/S-CoVO exhibited superior performance, with the largest CV area, low equivalent series resistance (0.52 Ω), and a maximum areal capacitance of 13.71 F cm−2 at 8 mA cm−2, attributable to rapid redox kinetics and efficient ion transport. The electrode also showed excellent cycling stability, retaining approximately 83.7% of its initial capacitance after 12,000 charge–discharge cycles, indicating robust structural integrity and interfacial stability. Additionally, an asymmetric supercapacitor device (P/S-CoVO//AC) delivered a high energy density of 0.082 mWh cm−2, a power density of 1.25 mW cm−2, and stable operation within a 1.5 V potential window. These results demonstrate that cooperative surfactant engineering provides an effective and scalable strategy to enhance the morphology, electrochemical kinetics, and durability of Co3V2O8-based electrodes for next-generation high-performance supercapacitors.