Explore the vast range of titles available.

Wireless technology is one of the major area of research in communication systems. Antenna plays major role in communication system so designing and fabrication of antenna is very important for the communication system. An understanding the operation and fabrication of antennas is important as wireless technology is one of the major areas of research in communication systems. For short distance network communication widely used wireless distribution standard is WLAN (ictactjournals. in, ijates.com). In existing system such as single patch antenna has disadvantages of narrow bandwidth, low gain, low directivity and low efficiency etc. The proposed system reduces these disadvantages by implementing use of array of antennas. Microstrip array antenna optimizes overall performance of system. This system is to be cost effective, more reliable and smaller in size. Designing array of antenna is suggested using rectangular shape gives better performance in all aspects. The proposed patch antenna design has return loss of − 18.75 dB and covers 2.4 GHz frequency range. For WLAN applications this antenna offers excellent performance and a great solution.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking approach to treating glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive type of brain tumor with poor survival rates. CAR T-cells are genetically engineered to attack tumor-specific markers such as IL-13Rα2, EGFRvIII, and HER2. Despite promising preclinical results, clinical trials have shown limited success due to challenges like tumor heterogeneity, antigen escape, and the brain’s immunosuppressive environment. This paper explores the potential of CAR T-cell therapy in GBM treatment, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) for predictive modeling and patient stratification, identifying key challenges, cur- rent research gaps, and innovative methodologies for dose selection and trial design, such as adaptive Bayesian approaches and personalized strategies. Future directions focus on leveraging AI-driven innovations, combination therapies, biomarkers, and advanced mathematical modeling to optimize therapeutic outcomes

Alopecia areata (AA) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune illness characterized by intermittent, non-scarring hair loss, Alopecia totalis(AT) is a type of AA characterized by total hair loss on the face and scalp. Unfortunately, it is projected that 10–15% of people with AA will advance to total hair loss on the scalp (AT) or hair loss on the scalp and body Alopecia Universalis (AU) only 10% of patients with AT/AU recover completely. Treatment for severe AA is often unsatisfactory. The most popular AT/AU therapy techniques were topical steroid application and oral steroid administration. We present a case of Alopecia totalis that was treated with cupping therapy and ayurvedic treatments such as Punarnava Mandoor, manjistadi Kashaya, asanadi gana Kashaya, purnachandrodaya rasa, a churna combo, and Malatyadi and Dhurdhurapatradi taila for external application over scalp. The treatment's effectiveness is due to the synergistic action of all the herbs and the immunostimulant activity of cupping.

To evaluate the performance and treatment profile of advanced EML4-ALK positive Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in a developing country with potentially restricted access to Crizotinib. A retrospective analysis of advanced ALK positive NSCLC patients who were treated from June 2012 to September 2015 was conducted. The primary goal was to evaluate outcomes of advanced ALK positive NSCLC in our practice and examine the logistic constraints in procuring Crizotinib. 94 patients were available for analysis. 21 (22.3%) patients were started on Crizotinib upfront, 60 (63.8%) on chemotherapy, 10 (10.6%) on Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (in view of poor PS) and 3 (3.2%) patients were offered best supportive care. Reasons for not starting Crizotinib upfront included symptomatic patients needing early initiation of therapy (23.3%), ALK not tested upfront (23.3%) and financial constraints (21.9%). 69 patients (73.4%) received Crizotinib at some stage during treatment. Dose interruptions (> 1 week) with Crizotinib were seen in 20 patients (29%), with drug toxicity being the commonest reason (85%). Median Progression free survival (PFS) on first line therapy for the entire cohort was 10 months, with a significant difference between patients receiving Crizotinib and those who did not ever receive Crizotinib (10 months vs. 2 months, p = 0.028). Median Overall Survival (OS) was not reached for the entire cohort, with 1 year survival being 81.2%. Patients with an ECOG Performance Status (PS) of >2 had a significantly reduced PFS compared to patients with PS < = 2 (1.5 months vs. 11 months, p< 0.001). 47 patients with financial constraints (68.1%) received Crizotinib completely free via various extramural support schemes. A majority of our ALK positive NSCLC patients were exposed to Crizotinib through the help of various support mechanisms and these patients had similar outcomes to that reported from previously published literature.

Tools that can monitor biomass and nutritional quality of forage plants are needed to understand how arctic herbivores may respond to the rapidly changing environment at high latitudes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been widely used to assess changes in abundance and distribution of terrestrial vegetative communities. However, the efficacy of NDVI to measure seasonal changes in biomass and nutritional quality of forage plants in the Arctic remains largely un-evaluated at landscape and fine-scale levels. We modeled the relationships between NDVI and seasonal changes in aboveground biomass and nitrogen concentration in halophytic graminoids, a key food source for arctic-nesting geese. The model was calibrated based on data collected at one site and validated using data from another site. Effects of spatial scale on model accuracy were determined by comparing model predictions between NDVI derived from moderate resolution (250 × 250 m pixels) satellite data and high resolution (20 cm diameter area) handheld spectrometer data. NDVI derived from the handheld spectrometer was a superior estimator (R2 ≥ 0.67) of seasonal changes in aboveground biomass compared to satellite-derived NDVI (R2 ≤ 0.40). The addition of temperature and precipitation variables to the model for biomass improved fit, but provided minor gains in predictive power beyond that of the NDVI-only model. This model, however, was only a moderately accurate estimator of biomass in an ecologically-similar halophytic graminoid wetland located 100 km away, indicating the necessity for site-specific validation. In contrast to assessments of biomass, satellite-derived NDVI was a better estimator for the timing of peak percent of nitrogen than NDVI derived from the handheld spectrometer. We confirmed that the date when NDVI reached 50% of its seasonal maximum was a reasonable approximation of the period of peak spring vegetative green-up and peak percent nitrogen. This study demonstrates the importance of matching the scale of NDVI measurements to the vegetation properties of biomass and nitrogen phenology.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a common upshot of synaptosomal mitochondrial malady. The brain synaptosomes are rich in synaptosomal proteins that play an essential part in neuronal activity. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex dysfunction is a common factor in the generation of free radicals. Neurotoxins such as rotenone led to neuronal cell death as a virtue of a vicious cycle of causing mitochondrial dysfunction, which releases free radicals, and free radicals further lead to more intense mitochondrial damage. The MTT assay is widely used to quantify the viable cells which reduces the MTT into its violet-coloured formazan. The current article focuses on standardizing the acceptable concentration of rotenone, which can be used to screen various test drugs for neuroprotective activity. The four different concentrations i.e., 25, 50, 100 and 200µl of rotenone (1mM) were selected for the study. It was found that 50 and 100µl of rotenone (1mM) was more effective in causing significant and up to 50 percent of mitochondrial disruption. Thus, the invitro MTT assay along with the rotenone induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain synaptosome can be successfully used to screen potential neuroprotective agents.

Agricultural products are highly perishable and, hence, we need to preserve these products after harvest. India is an agricultural country and, thus, the post-harvest storage of perishable agricultural products is important to reduce the gap between the demand and supply. Cold storage technologies have been developed and are used in India; however, these technologies are not popular in rural and remote areas due to the higher initial cost and the electrical energy requirement. Therefore, a number of low-cost technologies have been developed and, among these technologies, the evaporative cooling technology is gaining in popularity due to its simple design and lower initial cost. In this work, we have developed and tested a solar photovoltaic (PV) powered evaporative cooling system and used coconut coir as the cooling medium and compared the results with celdex pad. From this work, we observed that this system is an economical and efficient in reducing the temperature and increasing the relative humidity for the storage of agricultural products.

Although polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the Southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) subpopulation have commonly created maternal dens on sea ice in the past, maternal dens on land have become increasingly prevalent as sea ice declines. This trend creates conditions for increased human–bear interactions associated with local communities and industrial activity. Maternal denning is a vulnerable period in the polar bear life cycle, and den disturbance could lead to den abandonment, cub mortality, and negative population impacts. We used published long-term data to parameterize a Bayesian hierarchical model of annual land den abundance during 2000–2015, in 4 regions of northern Alaska, USA, with current or potential future oil and gas activity. We also estimated long-term (1982–2015) shifts in the spatial distribution of land dens within and among regions using kernel density estimation and assessed the influence of local and regional sea ice and snow conditions on den site selection using a random forest resource selection function. Our objectives were to quantify current den distribution and abundance, test for distributional shifts over time, and investigate if those shifts could be attributed to environmental variables related to den habitat. We estimated that between 2000 and 2015, the SBS contained a median 123 dens in a typical year, of which 68 occurred on land. The region between the Colville and Canning rivers, where most current oil and gas activity occurred, also contained the largest fraction of land dens. Overall, land dens were disproportionately concentrated on barrier islands and on land within 30 km of the coast. The probability of dens occurring on land varied from 1982–1999 to 2000–2015 in all regions, and the overall distribution of land dens shifted west between those periods. This regional-scale change in den distribution was predictable based on spatial and temporal heterogeneity in snow and sea ice conditions within 50 km of individual den locations. Land denning is likely to become increasingly common with continued sea ice loss, and our results and modeling framework could be used to design additional mitigation strategies for reducing the risk of incidental take due to den disturbance.

A combination of Pd and Ni complexes activated aryl bromides for the thermal Mizoroki-Heck reaction and Suzuki coupling giving high yields in short reaction times. A thermal redox mechanism probably occurs whereby Ni complex transfers electron and reduces the Pd (II) to Pd (0) which then takes the reactants through the standard protocol of oxidative-addition, migratory insertion and reductive elimination, typical for the Mizoroki-Heck reaction and the Suzuki coupling. Graphic Abstract

Background Anti-EGFR-based therapies have limited success in HNSCC patients. Predictive biomarkers are greatly needed to identify the patients likely to be benefited from these targeted therapies. Here, we present the prognostic and predictive association of biomarkers in HPV-negative locally advanced (LA) HNSCC patients. Methods Treatment-naive tumour tissue samples of 404 patients, a subset of randomised Phase 3 trial comparing cisplatin radiation (CRT) versus nimotuzumab plus cisplatin radiation (NCRT) were analysed to evaluate the expression of HIF1α, EGFR and pEGFR by immunohistochemistry and EGFR gene copy change by FISH. Progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan–Meier method. Hazard ratios were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models. Results Baseline characteristics of the patients were balanced between two treatment groups (CRT vs NCRT) and were representative of the trial cohort. The median follow-up was of 39.13 months. Low HIF1α was associated with better PFS [HR (95% CI) = 0.62 (0.42–0.93)], LRC [HR (95% CI) = 0.56 (0.37–0.86)] and OS [HR (95% CI) = 0.63 (0.43–0.93)] in the CRT group. Multivariable analysis revealed HIF1α as an independent negative prognostic biomarker. For patients with high HIF1α, NCRT significantly improved the outcomes [PFS:HR (95% CI) = 0.55 (0.37–0.82), LRC:HR (95% CI) = 0.55 (0.36–0.85) and OS:HR (95% CI) = 0.54 (0.36–0.81)] compared to CRT. While in patients with low HIF1α, no difference in the clinical outcomes was observed between treatments. Interaction test suggested a predictive value of HIF1α for OS ( P  = 0.008). Conclusions High HIF1α expression is a predictor of poor clinical response to CRT in HPV-negative LA-HNSCC patients. These patients with high HIF1α significantly benefited with the addition of nimotuzumab to CRT. Clinical trial registration Registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (Trial registration identifier—CTRI/2014/09/004980).