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IntroductionDespite intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular treatment (EVT) have been demonstrated effective in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusions, there are still no conclusive data to guide treatment in stroke due to cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. We systematically reviewed available literature to compare IVT, EVT, and bridging (IVT + EVT) and define optimal treatment.MethodsSystematic review followed predefined protocol (Open-Science-Framework osf.io/bfykj). MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched. Results were restricted to studies in English, with sample size ≥ 10 and follow-up ≥30 days. Primary outcomes were favorable outcome (mRS ≤ 2), mortality, and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage(sICH), defined according to study original report. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for bias assessment.ResultsSeven records of 930 screened were included in meta-analysis. Quality of studies was low-to-fair in 5, good in 2. IVT (n = 450) did not differ for favorable outcome and mortality compared to EVT (n = 150), though having lower rate of sICH (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8). Compared to IVT, bridging (IVT + EVT) was associated with higher rate of favorable outcome (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.3–3.7). Compared to EVT, bridging (IVT + EVT) provided higher rate of favorable outcome (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.4), with a marginally increased risk of sICH (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1–4.4) but similar mortality rates.ConclusionsOur systematic review highlights that, in acute ischemic stroke associated with isolated cervical ICA occlusion, bridging (IVT + EVT) might lead to higher rate of functional independence at follow-up, without increasing mortality. The low quality of available studies prevents from drawing firm conclusions, and randomized-controlled clinical trials are critically needed to define optimal treatment in this AIS subgroup.

This article examines patient information leaflets (PILs), as texts addressed by experts to laypersons. The PIL (foglio illustrativo in Italian) is a mandatory document packed with medicines that provide the patient with information about the medicine and instructions on how and when to take it. The paper comparatively analyses the definitions of medical terms in Italian and British PILs. It is based on a qualitative analysis of data extracted from two small comparable corpora consisting of 50 Italian and 50 British texts, respectively. Results have revealed some similarities that seem to be cross-cultural features of the genre, and significant differences.

Simile is much less investigated than metaphor, although it occurs as frequently in discourse. This paper aims to provide an account of similes in English, which serves as the starting point for an exploration of the problems they can pose when translated into Italian. First, it deals with the nature and function of similes, the criteria for their classification, and their interpretation. Then, it examines a range of similes illustrating the translation problems they can pose, and discusses the strategies to adopt for each problem stated. The data discussed are taken from English texts belonging to various textual genres, and their translations into Italian.

RationaleIn patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and mild hypoxaemia, the clinical benefit of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) remains unclear. We aimed to examine whether HFNO compared with conventional oxygen therapy (COT) could prevent escalation of respiratory support in this patient population.MethodsIn this multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial, patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≤92% who required oxygen therapy were randomised to HFNO or COT. The primary outcome was the rate of escalation of respiratory support (ie, continuous positive airway pressure, non-invasive ventilation or invasive mechanical ventilation) within 28 days. Among secondary outcomes, clinical recovery was defined as the improvement in oxygenation (SpO2 ≥96% with fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) ≤30% or partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide/FiO2 ratio >300 mm Hg).ResultsAmong 364 randomised patients, 55 (30.3%) of 181 patients assigned to HFNO and 70 (38.6%) of 181 patients assigned to COT underwent escalation of respiratory support, with no significant difference between groups (absolute risk difference −8.2% (95% CI −18% to +1.4%); RR 0.79 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.05); p=0.09). There was no significant difference in clinical recovery (69.1% vs 60.8%; absolute risk difference 8.2% (95% CI −1.5% to +18.0%), RR 1.14 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.32)), intensive care unit admission (7.7% vs 11.0%, absolute risk difference −3.3% (95% CI −9.3% to +2.6%)), and in hospital length of stay (11 (IQR 8–17) vs 11 (IQR 7–20) days, absolute risk difference −1.0% (95% CI −3.1% to +1.1%)).ConclusionsAmong patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and mild hypoxaemia, the use of HFNO did not significantly reduce the likelihood of escalation of respiratory support.Trial registration number NCT04655638.

The present study aims to explore the ‘phraseology of tourism’, i.e. lexical choices and recurring patterns in discourse with the tools of corpus linguistics. It investigates the use of adjectives in the discourse of accommodation, considering their lexico-semantic, grammatical and pragmatic aspects. The data are extracted from a small and untagged corpus amounting to 196,400 words, compiled at the University of “Roma Tre” by downloading the pages of British hotel Web sites. The methodology consists of two steps. First, a frequency wordlist of the adjectives occurring in the corpus is produced. Then, some of the most frequent adjectives are analysed in concordances to highlight relevant features of accommodation discourse, and to discover collocations. The study tries to integrate a corpus approach into a discourse perspective in the analysis of data, considering situational and functional factors to explain linguistic choices.

The present study aims to explore the ‘phraseology of tourism’, i.e. lexical choices and recurring patterns in discourse with the tools of corpus linguistics. It investigates the use of adjectives in the discourse of accommodation, considering their lexico-semantic, grammatical and pragmatic aspects. The data are extracted from a small and untagged corpus amounting to 196,400 words, compiled at the University of “Roma Tre” by downloading the pages of British hotel Web sites. The methodology consists of two steps. First, a frequency wordlist of the adjectives occurring in the corpus is produced. Then, some of the most frequent adjectives are analysed in concordances to highlight relevant features of accommodation discourse, and to discover collocations. The study tries to integrate a corpus approach into a discourse perspective in the analysis of data, considering situational and functional factors to explain linguistic choices.