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The emergence of live-streaming commerce has significantly altered the purchasing patterns of consumers, and it has become a critical component of e-commerce and marketing, specifically during the pandemic. This study investigates how customer engagement and trust are impacted by perceived utility, platform interaction, and source credibility, as well as how these factors affect purchase intention and actual purchasing behavior. Data were gathered from 247 regular live streaming platform users in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, employing purposive sampling and a standard questionnaire. From August to November 2024, the survey was administered during periods of significant online purchasing events and increasing live commerce activities. Participants were selected among technology-savvy, digitally engaged shoppers at major metropolitan shopping malls to generate a representative sample. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, results indicate that source credibility, platform interactivity, and perceived usefulness significantly affect consumer engagement (β = 1.376, p < 0.001). The results indicate that source credibility, platform interactivity, and perceived utility strongly affect trust (β = 1.198, p < 0.001, β = 0.351, p < 0.001, β = 0.224, p = 0.010). The findings also showed that customer engagement has a favorable impact on both purchase intention and the actual purchase (β = 1.272, 0.404; p = 0.001, 0.003). Trust positively affects both purchase intention (β = 0.994, p = 0.002) and actual purchase (β = 0.546, p = 0.001). Marketers and e-commerce platforms could apply these results to create more authentic and dynamic live streaming experiences that boost consumer engagement and trust.

Hypogonadism is an endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate serum testosterone production by the Leydig cells of the testis. It is triggered by alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is another common disorder in men that involves an alteration in erectile response–organic, relational, or psychological. The incidence of hypogonadism and ED is common in men aged over 40 years. Hypogonadism (including late-onset hypogonadism) and ED may be linked to several environmental factors-induced oxidative stresses. The factors mainly include exposure to pesticides, radiation, air pollution, heavy metals and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals. These environmental risk factors may induce oxidative stress and lead to hormonal dysfunctions. To better understand the subject, the study used many keywords, including “hypogonadism”, “late-onset hypogonadism”, “testosterone”, “erectile dysfunction”, “reactive oxygen species”, “oxidative stress”, and “environmental pollution” in major online databases, such as SCOPUS and PUBMED to extract relevant scientific information. Based on these parameters, this review summarizes a comprehensive insight into the important environmental issues that may have a direct or indirect association with hypogonadism and ED in men. The study concludes that environmental factors-induced oxidative stress may cause infertility in men. The hypothesis and outcomes were reviewed critically, and the mechanistic approaches are applied through oxidant-sensitive pathways. This study also provides reccomendations on future therapeutic interventions and protective measures against such adverse environmental factors-induced hypogonadism and ED.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common heterogeneous conditions of the endocrine reproductive system in women of childbearing age. Hyperandrogenism and oligomenorrhea are the two core characteristics of PCOS, a complicated and multifaceted illness. The condition is also linked to several major side effects, which include type 2 diabetes, early atherosclerosis, infertility, and endometrial cancer. There are few facts and statistics available on PCOS prevalence internationally due to the significant degree of geographic and ethnic variance and inconsistency caused by different diagnosis standards. Limited (n = 179) explorations have been made in the context of the prevalence of this complicated illness so far, and out of these, only 55 studies have discussed its association with race and/or ethnicity. However, those studies remain restricted due to the small sample size, biased selection, and the lack of comparative studies. Variations in PCOS prevalence frequency also arise due to different diagnostic criteria, as well as racial and ethnic differences, associated lifestyle factors, and subsequent illnesses that affect the accuracy of the diagnosis. The main objective behind this systematic review is to provide comprehensive epidemiological data on PCOS that is organized geographically. This evidence-based study also provides an overview of the clinical management of PCOS to instigate further research on this complex endocrinological condition and the subsequent development of preventive treatment strategies.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), an enigmatic endothelial cell vascular neoplasm, is characterized by the proliferation of spindle shaped endothelial cells, inflammatory cytokines (ICs), growth factors (GFs) and angiogenic factors. KSHV is etiologically linked to KS and expresses its latent genes in KS lesion endothelial cells. Primary infection of human micro vascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-d) results in the establishment of latent infection and reprogramming of host genes, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is one of the highly up-regulated genes. Our previous study suggested a role for COX-2 in the establishment and maintenance of KSHV latency. Here, we examined the role of COX-2 in the induction of ICs, GFs, angiogenesis and invasive events occurring during KSHV de novo infection of endothelial cells. A significant amount of COX-2 was detected in KS tissue sections. Telomerase-immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cells supporting KSHV stable latency (TIVE-LTC) expressed elevated levels of functional COX-2 and microsomal PGE2 synthase (m-PGES), and secreted the predominant eicosanoid inflammatory metabolite PGE2. Infected HMVEC-d and TIVE-LTC cells secreted a variety of ICs, GFs, angiogenic factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which were significantly abrogated by COX-2 inhibition either by chemical inhibitors or by siRNA. The ability of these factors to induce tube formation of uninfected endothelial cells was also inhibited. PGE2, secreted early during KSHV infection, profoundly increased the adhesion of uninfected endothelial cells to fibronectin by activating the small G protein Rac1. COX-2 inhibition considerably reduced KSHV latent ORF73 gene expression and survival of TIVE-LTC cells. Collectively, these studies underscore the pivotal role of KSHV induced COX-2/PGE2 in creating KS lesion like microenvironment during de novo infection. Since COX-2 plays multiple roles in KSHV latent gene expression, which themselves are powerful mediators of cytokine induction, anti-apoptosis, cell survival and viral genome maintainence, effective inhibition of COX-2 via well-characterized clinically approved COX-2 inhibitors could potentially be used in treatment to control latent KSHV infection and ameliorate KS.

The growing use of mobile augmented reality in gaming, e-commerce, education, and social media has influenced user interactions with digital material. The purpose of this study is to assess the technological acceptability and learning transfer theories in India among Gen Z and Millennial smartwatch purchasers using mobile augmented reality. In the months of July to September of 2024, 389 individuals were selected at random from a shopping center in Chennai, India. All of the participants got their hands on a free augmented reality shopping app for their smartwatches. They filled out a Google Form survey after a quick overview of the features of mobile augmented reality. Participants are already actively engaged in purchasing and may be more inclined to employ an Augmented Reality (AR) shopping application in a shopping center. The study results found that mobile augmented reality habits significantly impact Behavioral Intention, Performance Expectancy, Hedonic Motivation, and Effort Expectancy (β = 0.589, p = 0.001-0.871, p = 0.003-0.024). Behavioral intention between Generation Z and Millennials is not moderated by mobile augmented reality habits (β = 0.254, p = 0.227), but Performance Expectancy, Hedonic Motivation, and Effort Expectancy demonstrate significant moderating effects (β = 0.168, p = 0.012, p = 0.029, p = 0.000, β = 0.261, p = 0.005). This model states that Mobile Augmented Reality habits influence Millennials’ performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and effort expectancy. Age negatively moderates Habit using Mobile Augmented Reality on Performance Expectancy and Behavioral Intention, indicating Gen Z values quality more.

We report the influence of Co concentration on the exchange bias and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Co x Fe 3− x O 4 ( x  = 0.0, 0.4, 0.7, 1.0) nanoparticles. Co ions were substituted in magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles to obtain non-stoichiometric Co x Fe 3− x O 4 nanoparticles. The concentration of Co (mol) was varied from 0.0 to 1.0. Structure and magnetic anisotropic properties of non-stoichiometric Co x Fe 3− x O 4 nanoparticles were studied. The prepared Co x Fe 3− x O 4 nanoparticle was quasi-spherical in shape with particle sizes ranging from 15 to 20 nm. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies suggest the transformation of inverse to normal spinel structure concerning Co concentration. Blocking temperature increases from 155 to 302 K with an increase in concentration (mol) from 0.0 to 1.0 respectively. Co x Fe 3− x O 4 ( x  = 0.7) resulted in an exchange bias field and large magnetocrystalline anisotropy of about 70 Oe and 5.38 × 10 4  J/m 3 . Due to large magnetocrystalline anisotropy, Co x Fe 3− x O 4 ( x  = 0.7) shows a low exchange bias field. Co x Fe 3− x O 4 ( x  = 1.0) show room temperature hysteresis with coercivity of about 14.5 kOe at 5 K and M S of 45 emu/g.

The significance of inflammation in KSHV biology and tumorigenesis prompted us to examine the role of COX-2 in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), an aggressive AIDS-linked KSHV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) using nimesulide, a well-known COX-2 specific NSAID. We demonstrate that (1) nimesulide is efficacious in inducing proliferation arrest in PEL (KSHV+/EBV-; BCBL-1 and BC-3, KSHV+/EBV+; JSC-1), EBV-infected (KSHV-/EBV+; Raji) and non-infected (KSHV-/EBV-; Akata, Loukes, Ramos, BJAB) high malignancy human Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) as well as KSHV-/EBV+ lymphoblastoid (LCL) cell lines; (2) nimesulide is selectively toxic to KSHV infected endothelial cells (TIVE-LTC) compared to TIVE and primary endothelial cells (HMVEC-d); (3) nimesulide reduced KSHV latent gene expression, disrupted p53-LANA-1 protein complexes, and activated the p53/p21 tumor-suppressor pathway; (4) COX-2 inhibition down-regulated cell survival kinases (p-Akt and p-GSK-3β), an angiogenic factor (VEGF-C), PEL defining genes (syndecan-1, aquaporin-3, and vitamin-D3 receptor) and cell cycle proteins such as cyclins E/A and cdc25C; (5) nimesulide induced sustained cell death and G1 arrest in BCBL-1 cells; (6) nimesulide substantially reduced the colony forming capacity of BCBL-1 cells. Overall, our studies provide a comprehensive molecular framework linking COX-2 with PEL pathogenesis and identify the chemotherapeutic potential of nimesulide in treating PEL.

The organic additives-assisted vanadium pentoxide (OA:V2O5) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a facile co-precipitation method and their structural, optical, and electrical properties have been analyzed. The orthorhombic crystal structure was observed in the X-ray diffraction pattern of pure vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) NPs. The XRD patterns of OA: V2O5 NPs reveals that the crystallite size of the V2O5 NPs reduced without any change in the crystal structure. The SEM images showed that organic additives strongly influence on the surface morphology of the V2O5 NPs. The TEM analysis revealed that the acid-treated V2O5 NPs are relatively smaller in size compared to without acid-treated V2O5 NPs. From the optical measurements, an increase in optical band gap was observed for OA:V2O5 NPs. The dc electrical analysis revealed that the increased dc electrical conductivity is due to the incorporation of various organic additives (OA) in the V2O5 NPs. The electrical parameters such as ideality factor (n), barrier height (ФB), series resistance (Rs), and interface properties have been analyzed for the Cu/n-V2O5/p-Si Schottky diodes (SBDs) by the J–V, Cheung’s and Norde method. The barrier height value is increased for Cu/OA:V2O5/p-Si SBDs.

Background Adaptive designs (ADs) are intended to make clinical trials more flexible, offering efficiency and potentially cost-saving benefits. Despite a large number of statistical methods in the literature on different adaptations to trials, the characteristics, advantages and limitations of such designs remain unfamiliar to large parts of the clinical and research community. This systematic review provides an overview of the use of ADs in published clinical trials (Part I). A follow-up (Part II) will compare the application of AD in trials in adult and pediatric studies, to provide real-world examples and recommendations for the child health community. Methods Published studies from 2010 to April 2020 were searched in the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (Ovid). Clinical trial protocols, reports, and a secondary analyses using AD were included. We excluded trial registrations and interventions other than drugs or vaccines to align with regulatory guidance. Data from the published literature on study characteristics, types of adaptations, statistical analysis, stopping boundaries, logistical challenges, operational considerations and ethical considerations were extracted and summarized herein. Results Out of 23,886 retrieved studies, 317 publications of adaptive trials, 267 (84.2%) trial reports, and 50 (15.8%) study protocols), were included. The most frequent disease was oncology (168/317, 53%). Most trials included only adult participants (265, 83.9%),16 trials (5.4%) were limited to only children and 28 (8.9%) were for both children and adults, 8 trials did not report the ages of the included populations. Some studies reported using more than one adaptation (there were 390 reported adaptations in 317 clinical trial reports). Most trials were early in drug development (phase I, II (276/317, 87%). Dose-finding designs were used in the highest proportion of the included trials (121/317, 38.2 %). Adaptive randomization (53/317, 16.7%), with drop-the-losers (or pick-the-winner) designs specifically reported in 29 trials (9.1%) and seamless phase 2-3 design was reported in 27 trials (8.5%). Continual reassessment methods (60/317, 18.9%) and group sequential design (47/317, 14.8%) were also reported. Approximately two-thirds of trials used frequentist statistical methods (203/309, 64%), while Bayesian methods were reported in 24% (75/309) of included trials. Conclusion This review provides a comprehensive report of methodological features in adaptive clinical trials reported between 2010 and 2020. Adaptation details were not uniformly reported, creating limitations in interpretation and generalizability. Nevertheless, implementation of existing reporting guidelines on ADs and the development of novel educational strategies that address the scientific, operational challenges and ethical considerations can help in the clinical trial community to decide on when and how to implement ADs in clinical trials. Study protocol registration https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-2934-7 .

Introduction: It is generally expected that the time required for a clot to form in an extraction socket must be similar to that of the average physiological bleeding time (2-9 minutes). However, in dental practice does hemostasis require the full clot to form or does it occur earlier? Conventionally there is no accepted average time range for socket hemostasis with estimates ranging from 20 minutes to 40 minutes. This study is an attempt to quantify the average time period required for hemostasis to occur in an extraction socket. Methodology: 1205 consecutive patients attending the dental clinic and requiring dental extractions were evaluated for the average duration of hemostasis after extraction. Exclusion criteria were children (<15 years), pregnant mothers and patients who had a systemic bleeding disorder or were on anticoagulants. The socket was inspected first after five minutes after an extraction and later at 10 minutes and 15 minutes if bleeding continued. Results: Bleeding from an extraction socket settled in less than five minutes in about 83% of individuals and in 10 minutes in 96.5% of cases. Hence it is expected that in an otherwise normal healthy individual socket compression by biting over gauze for around 10 minutes will produce adequate haemostasis. Prolonged bleeding beyond 10 minutes was rare and was controlled with suturing and pressure applied with a gauze pack in healthy individuals. Conclusion: Checking for hemostasis after placing a pressure pack for 5-10 minutes over an extraction socket is a useful act of risk management before discharge of the patient from the clinic to rule out any hemorrhagic tendency.