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"Paxton, Marie"
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Agonistic democracy : rethinking political institutions in pluralist times
\"Agonistic Democracy explores how theoretical concepts from agonistic democracy can inform institutional design in order to mediate conflict in multicultural, pluralist societies. Drawing on the work of Foucault, Nietzsche, Schmitt, and Arendt, Marie Paxton outlines the importance of their themes of public contestation, contingency and necessary interdependency for contemporary agonistic thinkers. Paxton delineates three distinct approaches to agonistic democracy: David Owen's perfectionist agonism, Mouffe's adversarial agonism, and William Connolly and James Tully's inclusive agonism. Paxton demonstrates how each is fundamental to enabling citizens to cultivate better virtues for themselves and society (Owen), motivating democratic engagement (Mouffe) and enhancing relations of respect and understanding between conflicting citizens (Connolly and Tully). Situated within the context of a deeply polarised post-Trump America and post-Brexit Britain, this book reveals the need to rethink our approach to conflict mediation through democratic institutions. Pulling together insights from experimental research with deliberative democratic innovations, Paxton explores how agonistic theory might be institutionalised further. Through discussing ways in which agonistic institutions might be developed to render democracy more virtuous, more engaging, and more inclusive, Agonistic Democracy provides a unique resource for students of contemporary political theory\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice
This article seeks to explore democratic theory by focusing on the example of agonistic democracy, in which contest between citizens is valued for its potential to render politics more inclusive, more engaging, and more virtuous. Using Connolly and Tully's inclusivism, Chantal Mouffe's adversarialism, and David Owen's perfectionism, the article discusses democratic theory as a critique, a series of normative proposals, and a potential bridge between political theory and public policy. It is this bridge that enables democratic theory to pull together critical and normative discussions with those surrounding public policy and institutional design.
Journal Article
The colony : when the earth froze, the rules of survival changed forever
A savage and unrelenting thriller about mankind's greatest enemy: himself. As an endless winter engulfs Earth, humans struggle to survive in remote underground outposts. When Colony 7 receives a distress call from a nearby settlement, Sam and Briggs race through the snow on a dangerous rescue mission. What they find at the desolate base could mean mankind's salvation-or its total annihilation. Terrifying discoveries will unfold that will change the rules of survival forever.
DVD
Politics in Crisis?
Exploring and challenging the assumption that politics is in crisis, this volume brings together a series of conference papers from the University of Nottingham Post-Graduate Conference of April 2013. It includes fourteen research papers from contributors from universities around the world, as well as an afterword written by Professor Michael Freeden of the University of Nottingham. Speaking to the common theme of Politics in Crisis?, the papers draw on a range of different theoretical and methodological perspectives in order to critique the notion of politics as both a theoretical concept and political practice. The volume brings together conference discussions centred around British Politics, International Political Economy, International Relations, and Political Theory. It is divided into three sections: the first focuses predominantly on the crisis at the heart of political institutions; the second considers crises in political action using several international cases; and the third emphasises crises within political theorisation. The afterword demonstrates the significance of each of these in questioning whether or not politics is in crisis. This volume offers an engaging read for academics and practitioners alike, as well as anyone interested in the dangers of democratic deficit, the challenges to political transformation, and the difficulties of developing systems of governance in Europe and beyond.
eBook
Robert Bateman GeorgeJr., The Transformative Potential of Participatory Budgeting: Creating an Ideal Democracy. - Jones Garett, 10% Less Democracy: Why You Should Trust Elites a Little More and the Masses a Little Less
George Robert Bateman, Jr., The Transformative Potential of Participatory Budgeting: Creating an Ideal Democracy. Garett Jones, 10% Less Democracy: Why You Should Trust Elites a Little More and the Masses a Little Less.
Journal Article
Association Memberships and Generalized Trust: A Multilevel Model Across 31 Countries
This paper presents a large-scale, comprehensive test of generalized trust across 31 nations. I pay particular attention to the theory and measurement of voluntary associations in promoting trust, hypothesizing that voluntary associations connected to other voluntary associations are more beneficial for the creation of generalized trust than associations isolated from other associations. The theory is tested with a multi-level, cross-national model, including both individual-level and country-level variables to predict the placement of trust. At the individual level, I find that membership in connected associations creates more trust than membership in isolated associations. At the national level, having more connected voluntary associations increases trust, while having more isolated associations decreases trust.
Journal Article
Beyond Deliberative Systems
Normative democratic theory with a focus on civic engagement is increasingly interested in how participatory instances connect into democratic systems (Dean, Rinne, et al. 2019; Elstub et al. 2018). The deliberative perspective has pioneered this debate and proposes a systemic view that observes how everyday talk and media discourses connect deliberative forums including parliaments, mini-publics, and protest formations (Mansbridge 1999; Mansbridge et al. 2012). While various approaches within the deliberative systems debate can be differentiated (Owen and Smith 2015), they commonly understand deliberative qualities as distributed within a broader system and focus on scaling up democratic deliberation through the transmission from the public to state institutions (Chambers 2012; Dryzek 2009).
Journal Article
Women's Political Representation: The Importance of Ideology
Women's low rate of participation at the highest levels of politics is an enduring problem in gender stratification. Previous cross-national research on women in national legislatures has stressed three explanations for differences in women's political representation: social structure, politics, and ideology. Despite strong theory suggesting the importance of ideology, it has not found support in previous cross-national statistical studies. But ideology has not been as well measured as structural and political factors. In this article, we demonstrate that gender ideology strongly affects the number of women in national legislatures. We do so by introducing a newly available measure of national gender ideology into a cross-national model of women in legislatures. We demonstrate that ideology, when measured more precisely, strongly predicts differences in women's political representation.
Journal Article
Agonistic democracy and the challenges of diversity: exploring practical applications of conflict mediation
This research explores whether, and how, theoretical concepts from agonistic democracy could be operationalised in order to mediate conflict in multicultural, pluralist society. It highlights three central themes of agonistic democracy: political contestation, contingency and necessary interdependency. It subsequently demonstrates the various ways in which these themes are employed, delineating three distinct agonistic approaches: the ‘perfectionist’ (as encapsulated by David Owen), the ‘adversarial’ (as represented by Chantal Mouffe), and the ‘inclusive’ (as symbolised by William Connolly and James Tully). The research then considers possible tensions between agonistic assumptions and further institutional consideration, and draws on new institutionalist literature to identify which kinds of institution could be compatible with agonistic democracy. It explores these through an experiment, which employs three distinct discussion frameworks, each representing a different agonistic approach. The research combines insights from the experiment and agonistic literature to gain a deeper insight into agonistic concepts and the potential for their operationalisation. It suggests that perfectionism is valuable in encouraging unity, adversarialism is effective in reviving passions, and inclusivity is useful in enhancing interactions between conflicting citizens. Finally, the research proposes an ‘agonistic day’ and demonstrates how a synthesis of all three approaches could mediate multicultural, pluralist conflict.
Dissertation
Experiences of First-Generation Latinas in Education Doctoral Programs in South Texas
First-generation Latinas attain the lowest percentage of doctoral degrees in the United States compared to all other cultural and gender groups, despite being part of the fasted growing minority group. Latinx in the U.S. must increase degree attainment 6.2 million by 2030 to close the national gap that exists compared to all other ethnic groups (Excelencia in Education, 2020). First-generation Latina doctoral students may experience some of the same struggles of other minority females; yet their distinctive cultural and family expectations create intrinsic and extrinsic barriers which may be contributing factors to their underrepresentation in doctoral programs.The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore the experiences of first-generation Latinas in education doctoral programs in South Texas. Previous research studies have addressed persistence among doctoral students, yet few examine it from the perspective of first-generation Latinas. How a person perceives and internalizes personal experiences and social interactions creates their social worldview (habitus). The conceptual framework for this study is Bourdieu’s habitus through the lens of sociocultural development and doctoral persistence. Sociocultural is a concept centered around the acquisition of social capital through the development of habitus. Doctoral persistence is focused on the personal determination to complete a doctoral degree based on one’s developed habitus. Interviews were held with 8 first-generation Latina students in education doctoral programs in South Texas, to understand their personal experiences. The interviews were transcribed and then analyzed in two rounds. Round 1 consisted of structural coding identifying major theme development. Round 2 consisted of focused coding identifying specific participant quotes that supported major themes. Results of the data demonstrated a direct link between developed habitus and degree persistence. Major themes included parental support, relationships, feelings of guilt, stress, imposter syndrome, and persistence. Participants who were raised in a migrant family shared experiences of the difficult field work that prompted their desire for a better life. Recommendations were made that include outreach programs for parents, cohort programs, and supportive relationship establishment with professors and cohort members. Educational support programs that provide college students with strategies for coping with stress and feelings of belonging could add to doctoral program completion.
Dissertation