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Low participant recruitment and retention rates are a significant barrier to successful Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs). A Study Within A Trial (SWAT) is an effective way to explore which trial delivery methods may be useful for improving participant recruitment and retention rates. Infographics are a useful information delivery tool that may improve participants' understanding of the trial and thus improve recruitment or retention rates. This SWAT was embedded within the Behavioural Activation in Social Isolation (BASIL+) RCT. BASIL+ was delivered during the Covid-19 pandemic and evaluated the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a brief psychological intervention (Behavioural Activation) to mitigate depression and loneliness in older adults with multiple long-term health conditions. Twelve research sites were randomly allocated 1:1 to either the SWAT intervention group (participant information included a one-page infographic) or the SWAT control group (participant information did not include a one-page infographic). The primary outcome was the recruitment rate to the BASIL+ trial. The secondary outcomes were the number of expressions of interest in the trial and the follow-up retention rate at 3 months post-randomisation. Results were compared for each group using a mixed-effect logistic regression model with trial site as a random effect. The cost-effectiveness of the SWAT intervention was also evaluated. Despite a small additional cost (£0.13) per participant, there was no evidence that participant recruitment, expressions of interest or retention was significantly affected by the inclusion of the one-page infographic. Our results suggest that the inclusion of an infographic alongside the participant information sheet may not be the best way to improve recruitment and retention rates for RCTs. However, infographics continue to be effective tools for information delivery in healthcare settings, and further research is needed to explore their use in RCTs.

Background Kinetic and kinematic gait analysis is increasingly practised as a part of lameness evaluation in dogs. The aim of this study was to examine the normal short- and long-term variation in forelimb gait in sound control dogs (CD) at a walk using seven selected variables of objective kinetic and kinematic gait analyses. Also, to compare the findings in CD to a group of forelimb lame dogs with elbow osteoarthritis (OAD). An additional aim was to test a kinetic based graphic method for lameness detection; symmetry squares (SS). A prospective longitudinal study was carried out on client owned CD and OAD. Clinical and orthopaedic evaluations were performed to ensure soundness and detect and grade lameness. Seven kinetic and kinematic variables and SS were tested for lameness evaluation. The CD were divided into two subgroups, CD1 and CD2, and examined twice: CD1 with two months interval and CD2 with 3–4 h interval. The OAD group was evaluated once and compared to the CD groups’ first examination. Results Thirteen CD and 19 OAD were included. For CD1 and CD2, there were no significant differences in any examined variable between examination occasions. Total peak force/impulse symmetry and fore-hind peak force/impulse symmetry differed significantly between OAD and CD. Symmetry squares had a 74% agreement to subjective orthopaedic evaluations. Conclusions In CD, no difference in the examined variables was seen between examination occasions. Four out of seven objective variables differed significantly between CD and OAD. The graphic SS method might have diagnostic potential for lameness detection, making it possible to detect a shift from lame to non-lame limbs. Potentially, this might be especially helpful in bilaterally lame dogs, which often represent a clinical challenge in lameness evaluation.

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is two to three times more common in people with severe mental illness (SMI) than in the general population. Supporting self-management in diabetes is fundamental to improving clinical outcomes. The DIAMONDS trial aims to evaluate the clinical and cost effectiveness of a novel, codesigned, supported diabetes self-management programme for people with T2DM and SMI.Methods and analysisThis multicentre, two-armed, parallel, individually randomised controlled trial will be conducted in National Health Service mental health trusts across England. We will recruit 380 participants (≥18 years old) with a diagnosis of SMI (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, psychosis and severe depression) and T2DM. Eligible and consenting participants will be randomised to the DIAMONDS intervention or treatment as usual. The intervention group will receive one-to-one sessions with a trained DIAMONDS Coach for six months. These sessions will focus on goal setting, action planning and diabetes self-management education, supported by a paper-based workbook and an optional digital application. Individuals allocated to the control group will continue to receive usual care and may be offered National Institute for Health and Care Excellence-recommended generic diabetes self-management education programmes in line with usual practice. The primary outcome is the difference in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) between both groups at 12 months postrandomisation. The secondary outcomes include measures of physical and mental health, diabetes complications and physical activity. Economic and process evaluations will also be performed. Outcomes will be collected at baseline and at six and 12 month post-randomisation.Ethics and disseminationThis study received ethics approval by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Committee 3 (22/WS/0117). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed, academic and professional journals. We will also be producing plain language summaries, infographics and audio summaries on the website, as well as attending conferences and dissemination events. A summary of the results will be distributed to all participants and other relevant stakeholders, and we will use social media channels, websites and knowledge exchange events to communicate our findings beyond academic audiences.Trial registration numberISRCTN22275538.

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BackgroundLow participant recruitment and retention rates are a significant barrier to successful Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs). A Study Within A Trial (SWAT) is an effective way to explore which trial delivery methods may be useful for improving participant recruitment and retention rates. Infographics are a useful information delivery tool that may improve participants' understanding of the trial and thus improve recruitment or retention rates. This SWAT was embedded within the Behavioural Activation in Social Isolation (BASIL+) RCT. BASIL+ was delivered during the Covid-19 pandemic and evaluated the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a brief psychological intervention (Behavioural Activation) to mitigate depression and loneliness in older adults with multiple long-term health conditions.MethodsTwelve research sites were randomly allocated 1:1 to either the SWAT intervention group (participant information included a one-page infographic) or the SWAT control group (participant information did not include a one-page infographic). The primary outcome was the recruitment rate to the BASIL+ trial. The secondary outcomes were the number of expressions of interest in the trial and the follow-up retention rate at 3 months post-randomisation. Results were compared for each group using a mixed-effect logistic regression model with trial site as a random effect. The cost-effectiveness of the SWAT intervention was also evaluated.ResultsDespite a small additional cost (£0.13) per participant, there was no evidence that participant recruitment, expressions of interest or retention was significantly affected by the inclusion of the one-page infographic.ConclusionOur results suggest that the inclusion of an infographic alongside the participant information sheet may not be the best way to improve recruitment and retention rates for RCTs. However, infographics continue to be effective tools for information delivery in healthcare settings, and further research is needed to explore their use in RCTs.

Ogren et al discuss the features of a network-ready color camera and its use on experiments in developmental biology, genetics and biochemistry laboratories, and in special student research projects. How a Web camera was used in some biological studies is also described. The study shows that the Axis 2120 RGB camera is suitable for both simple and sophisticated applications in high school or college biology laboratories.

The use of a network-ready color camera is described which is primarily marketed as a security device and is used for experiments in developmental biology, genetics and biochemistry laboratories and in special student research projects. Acquiring and analyzing project and archiving images is very important in microscopy, electrophoresis and chromatography.