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A successful high-level gymnastics performance is the result of the coordination and inter-relation of body segments to produce movement prototypes. In this context, the exploration of different movement prototypes, as well as their relations with judges’ scores, can aid coaches to design better learning and practice methodologies. Therefore, we investigate if there are different movement prototypes of the technique of the handspring tucked somersault with a half twist (HTB) on a mini trampoline with a vaulting table and its relations with judges’ scores. We assessed flexion/extension angles of five joints during fifty trials, using an inertial measurement unit system. All trials were scored by international judges for execution. A multivariate time series cluster analysis was performed to identify movement prototypes and their differential association with judges’ scores was statistically assessed. Nine different movement prototypes were identified for the HTB technique, with two of them associated with higher scores. Statistically strong associations were found between scores and movement phases one (i.e., from the last step on the carpet to the initial contact of both feet with the mini trampoline), two (i.e., from the initial contact to the take-off on the mini trampoline) and four (i.e., from the initial contact of both hands with the vaulting table to take-off on the vaulting table) and moderate associations with movement phase six (i.e., from the tucked body position to landing with both feet on the landing mat). Our findings suggest (a) the presence of multiple movement prototypes yielding successful scoring and (b) the moderate-to-strong association of movement variations along phases one, two, four and six with judges’ scores. We suggest and provide guidelines for coaches to encourage movement variability that can lead their gymnasts to functionally adapt their performance and succeed when facing different constraints.

Perception-action coupling is fundamental to effective motor behaviour in complex sports such as gymnastics. We examined the gaze and motor behaviours of 10 international level gymnasts when performing two skills on the mini-trampoline that matched the performance demands of elite competition. The presence and absence of a vaulting table in each skill served as a task-constraint factor, while we compared super-elite and elite groups. We measured visual search behaviours and kinematic variables during the approach run phase. The presence of a vaulting table influenced gaze behaviour only in the elite gymnasts, who showed significant differences in the time spent fixating on the mini-trampoline, when compared to super-elite gymnasts. Moreover, different approach run characteristics were apparent across the two different gymnastic tasks, irrespective of the level of expertise, and take-off velocity was influenced by the skill being executed across all gymnasts. Task constraints and complexity influence gaze behaviours differed across varying levels of expertise in gymnastics, even within a sample of international level athletes. It appears that the time spent fixating their gazes on the right areas of interest during the approach run is crucial to higher-level performance and therefore higher scores in competition, particularly on the mini-trampoline with vaulting table.

Objective. To evaluate the associated factors on ageism in nursing students from a public university in Recife-PE. Methods. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative, analytical study, whose participants (n=215) were students of the bachelor's degree in Nursing at a public university in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Data regarding responses to a sociodemographic questionnaire and Fraboni Ageism Scale were analyzed. Results. The characteristics that predominated among the participants were: female (83.3%), age between 17-20 years (41.9%), single (92.1%), did not have a scholarship (83.5%), lived with parents and/or siblings (60.9%), had no child (98.1%), did not live with the older adult (74.4%), and was attending the first year of under graduation (28.4%). On the Fraboni Scale, the score was 36.74 out of 84 possible points for ageism, being by domain: 11.55 points for Avoidance, 11.54 points for Antilocution, and 10.05 points for Discrimination. Conclusion. Among the nursing students surveyed, ageism was associated with the male gender, younger age, not being a scholarship holder and living alone. Education and training aimed at caring for the older adults are effective tools to challenge prejudice related to aging.

There are advantages in using inertial measurement unit systems (IMUS) for biomechanical analysis when compared to 2D/3D video-based analysis. The main advantage is the ability to analyze movement in the natural performance environment, preserving the ecological validity of the task. Coaches can access accurate and detailed data in real time and use it to optimize feedback and performance. Efforts are needed to validate the accuracy of IMUS. We assess the accuracy of the IMUS Xsens MVN Link system using an optoelectronic system (OS) as a reference when measuring 3D joint angles during the gymnastics round-off back handspring technique. We collected movement kinematics from 10 participants. The coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) results showed very good and excellent values for the majority of the joint angles, except for neck flexion/extension (F/E). Root mean square errors (RMSE) were below/near 10°, with slightly higher values for shoulder (12.571°), ankle (11.068°), thorax-thigh F/E (21.416°), and thorax–thigh internal/external rotation (I/E) (16.312°). Significant SPM-1D t differences for thorax–thigh abduction/adduction (A/A), neck, thorax–thigh, knee, shoulder and ankle F/E were demonstrated during small temporal periods. Our findings suggest that the Xsens MVN Link system provides valid data that can be used to provide feedback in training.

Gray cast iron (GCI/FC) is widely used in various industrial applications, especially in the automotive industry, such as in engine blocks and brake discs, where machining plays a crucial role in manufacturing these components. In modern machining, the proper selection of cutting parameters and cooling-lubrication methods is essential not only to reduce costs but also to ensure precise geometric tolerances, high-quality surface finish, and compliance with environmental and occupational health standards. To address the challenges associated with the use of conventional cutting fluids, which have negative impacts on the pillars of the triple bottom line (TBL)—economic, social, and environmental—this study proposed the development of an internally cooled tool (ICT) system. In this system, a cooling fluid circulates exclusively through the tool and tool holder, avoiding direct contact with the workpiece and the operator. This innovative approach contributed to reducing environmental impacts, minimizing health risks to the operator, and lowering the costs associated with the acquisition and disposal of cutting fluids. Comparative machining analyses were conducted between ICT and dry machining, evaluating parameters such as surface roughness, cutting forces, and tool wear mechanisms under different cutting conditions. Additionally, an evaluation was conducted using the Pugh matrix, considering 13 indicators applied to six different cooling-lubrication methods, aiming to identify the most efficient and sustainable solution. The results showed that the ICT system was effective in reducing cutting forces and improving surface roughness compared to dry machining. The analysis of tool wear mechanisms revealed the predominance of adhesion, followed by friction, abrasion, and a lower occurrence of plastic deformation. The sustainability evaluation performed using the Pugh matrix, highlighted ICT as a promising and environmentally friendly solution, outperforming conventional methods due to its superior heat dissipation capability. However, further studies are needed to explore and consolidate the benefits of this innovative approach.

Execution scores of men's individual trampoline routines at the European Championships (EC) 2014 in Guimarães, Portugal were analysed. In total, 66 men competed in the qualifying round. The old, classic format of scoring, by which the execution score is the sum of the scores of individual judges (discarding the lowest and highest scores), was compared with the new format, by which only the median scores of each skill are tripled and then summed for the final score. Execution was found to be the most significant component of the total score, surpassing degree of difficulty and time of flight in both routines. Intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients and Kendall's coefficient of concordance W were computed. The bias of judging was small with only one judge found who scored significantly higher than the other judges did. Inter-rater reliability was found good for single skills (ICC around .9 and Kendall W around .7), while for the sum of all ten skills it was excellent (all ICC coefficients above .99 and Kendal W above .97) for both routines. Although the correlation coefficients between old and new format scores were high (r=.965 and r=.997 for first and second routine, respectively), there were some substantial differences in rankings of competitors between old and new scoring format (Spearman rank correlation rho=.94 and rho=.96 for first and second routines, respectively). Despite the reliability and validity of judging trampoline routines were high, some possible means of improvement are suggested. Regarding the differences between old and new formats, no clear (dis)advantages of one or another were found. Analizirali smo rezultate sestav moških posamezno na veliki prožni ponjavi na evropskem prvenstvu 2014 v Guimarãesu na Portugalskem. Skupno je v predtekmovanju tekmovalo 66 moških. Stari klasični način točkovanja, s katerim je rezultat izvedbe skupna vsota posameznih sodnikov (z izločanjem najnižjih in najvišjih ocen) za celotno sestavo, se je primerjala z novim načinom, s katerim se samo kot mediana ocen odbitka za posamezen skok pomnoži z tri in nato sešteje odbitke za vseh 10 skokov. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je izvedba najpomembnejši del skupne ocene, ki presega stopnjo težavnosti in časa leta v obeh sestavah. Izračunani so bili koeficienti povezanosti znotraj razreda (ICC) in Kendallov koeficient skladnosti W. Pristranost je bila nizka, saj je bil le en sodnik, ki je dosegel znatno višje rezultate kot drugi sodniki. Zanesljivost je bila dobra za posamezne skoke (ICC okrog 0,9 in Kendall W okrog 0,7), medtem ko je bil za vsoto vseh deset skokov odličen (vsi ICC koeficienti nad 0,99 in Kendal W nad 0,97) za obe sestavi. Čeprav so bili koeficienti povezanosti med starim in novim načinom visoki (r = .965 in r = .997 za prvo in drugo sestavo), je bilo nekaj bistvenih razlik v uvrstitvi med tekmovalci med starim in novim načinom točkovanja (Spearman rank korelacija rho = 0,94 in rho = 0,96 za prvo in drugo sestavo). Kljub visoki zanesljivosti in veljavnosti ocenjevanja so bile predlagane nekatere možne izboljšave. Kar zadeva razlike med starim in novim načinom, ni bilo nobenih jasnih (ne) prednosti enega ali drugega.

With the evolution of sport, the level of athletes is increasing. To be able to win it is necessary to understand what factors influence performance in competition and training. Sports performance analysis has evolved in accordance with data collection in competition practice, with performance indicators related to actions connected to performance outcome. We intend to verify the importance of task analysis in the performance analysis procedures. The review starts with task definition, then task analysis procedures and sports science application to finish with examples of performance analysis with task analysis. Each task has one or more goals with actions to be carried out and with task, performer, and environment constraints that influence it. Task analysis is a methodology to have information about technique, productivity and safety that allows developing training programmes. Sports task analysis has a preparatory phase, a description (phase analysis), assessment, and an intervention. Performance analysis was based on biomechanical and notational analysis including performance indicators and afterwards reinforced with the ecological dynamics approach with an emphasis on the performer-environment relationship. Similarities between actions from different sports could be observed with performance analysis using task analysis (phase analysis with description of the segmental actions and mechanical principles). Performance task analysis could support evidence-based training programmes with a replication of key features and performance indicators in dry-land training tasks. Future research should identify task constraints and performance indicators with technological devices and make performance analysis more coach friendly.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze information on resource allocation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, published in indexed scientific journals, from December 2019 to March 2020. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, which took place in March 2020. All databases were investigated and studies were found only in MEDLINE. After applying the established criteria, six articles were selected. Results: It was evident that the allocation of resources is carried out as the demands emerge. The fragility in presenting scientific-methodological evidence that can guide decision makers for assertive allocation of available resources is highlighted. The results showed that studies on this subject are incipient and need to be expanded. Final considerations: The need for health organizations and area authorities to be better prepared for the proper use of available resources, with allocation based on scientific evidence and maximization of resources is indicated. RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as informações sobre a alocação de recursos no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19, publicadas em periódicos científicos indexados, no período de dezembro de 2019 a março de 2020. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada em março de 2020. Foram investigadas todas as bases de dados e encontrados estudos somente na MEDLINE. Após a aplicação dos critérios estabelecidos, foram selecionados seis artigos. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que a alocação de recursos é realizada conforme emergem as demandas. Destaca-se a fragilidade na apresentação de evidência científico-metodológica que possa nortear os tomadores de decisão para alocação assertiva dos recursos disponíveis. Os resultados demonstraram que estudos sobre essa temática são incipientes e necessitam ser ampliados. Considerações finais: Indica-se a necessidade de as organizações de saúde e as autoridades da área estarem mais bem preparadas para o uso adequado dos recursos disponíveis, com a alocação baseada em evidências científicas e maximização dos recursos. RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las informaciones sobre la asignación de recursos en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, publicadas en periódicos científicos indexados, en el período de diciembre de 2019 a marzo de 2020. Métodos: Se trata de revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada en marzo de 2020. Han sido investigadas todas las bases de datos y encontrados estudios solamente en la MEDLINE. Después de la aplicación de los criterios establecidos, han sido seleccionados seis artículos. Resultados: Se evidenció que la asignación de recursos es realizada conforme emergen las demandas. Se destaca la fragilidad en la presentación de evidencia científico-metodológica que pueda orientar los tomadores de decisión para asignación asertiva de los recursos disponibles. Los resultados demostraron que estudios sobre esa temática son incipientes y necesitan ser ampliados. Consideraciones finales: Se indica la necesidad de las organizaciones de salud y las autoridades del área estar más bien preparadas para el uso adecuado de los recursos disponibles, con la asignación basada en evidencias científicas y maximización de los recursos.

Gymnastics are one of the most ancient motor activity in the world. It started with acrobatic movements in the Crete-Mycenaean culture, 2500 years BC. Scientific investigations start to arise in order to understand multiple aspects as expertise performance and interaction between the gymnast and context/environment. The aim of this work is to understand how gymnasts perceive context informational variables, and how they adjust their actions to succeed in vaulting. A sample of six male senior elite teamgym gymnasts were selected to participate. The authors conclude with this work that gymnasts use spacial-temporal cognition to visually perceive the context (apparatus position, distances to and between apparatus) and constantly adapt their actions.

O objetivo foi determinar os efeitos agudos do alongamento estático (AL) sobre os níveis de amplitude de movimento (ADM) da cintura escapular e sobre 10 repetições máximas (10-RM) no supino reto em dois ângulos articulares. Onze homens (28.32 ± 5.4 anos; 1.73 ± 0.1 m; 72.14 ± 15.3 kg) foram submetidos aleatoriamente à condição controle (CC) e experimental (2 séries de 30 s de AL passivos para o peitoral e tríceps). A ADM da cintura escapular no movimento de abdução horizontal do ombro foi analisada através da fotogrametria usando ferramenta de dimensão angular do CorelDRAW®. Os testes de 10-RM foram feitos no supino reto com barra livre com randomização para amplitude total e limitada a 90° de flexão do cotovelo. A confiabilidade da ADM da cintura escapular e das 10-RM nas duas amplitudes diferentes foi alta (R> 0.95). A ANOVA de duas entradas com medidas repetidas nos dois fatores com post-hoc de Bonferroni indicou uma interação significativa, com aumento da ADM (p= 0.029) após AL. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa para 10-RM e volume total em nenhuma das angulações e condições testadas. Conclui-se que volumes reduzidos de AL aumentaram significativamente a ADM sem promover prejuízo no desempenho da força dinâmica realizada em diferentes ângulos articulares.