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"Pelzer, David J"
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Help yourself for teens : real-life advice for real-life challenges
In this book, the author offers advice to teenagers based on the difficulties in his own life, and how he overcame them.
Book
Comparative genomics of chytrid fungi reveal insights into the obligate biotrophic and pathogenic lifestyle of Synchytrium endobioticum
Synchytrium endobioticum
is an obligate biotrophic soilborne Chytridiomycota (chytrid) species that causes potato wart disease, and represents the most basal lineage among the fungal plant pathogens. We have chosen a functional genomics approach exploiting knowledge acquired from other fungal taxa and compared this to several saprobic and pathogenic chytrid species. Observations linked to obligate biotrophy, genome plasticity and pathogenicity are reported. Essential purine pathway genes were found uniquely absent in
S. endobioticum
, suggesting that it relies on scavenging guanine from its host for survival. The small gene-dense and intron-rich chytrid genomes were not protected for genome duplications by repeat-induced point mutation. Both pathogenic chytrids
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
and
S. endobioticum
contained the largest amounts of repeats, and we identified
S. endobioticum
specific candidate effectors that are associated with repeat-rich regions. These candidate effectors share a highly conserved motif, and show isolate specific duplications. A reduced set of cell wall degrading enzymes, and LysM protein expansions were found in
S. endobioticum
, which may prevent triggering plant defense responses. Our study underlines the high diversity in chytrids compared to the well-studied Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, reflects characteristic biological differences between the phyla, and shows commonalities in genomic features among pathogenic fungi.
Journal Article
Associations between antagonistic SNPs for neuropsychiatric disorders and human brain structure
A previously published genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis across eight neuropsychiatric disorders identified antagonistic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at eleven genomic loci where the same allele was protective against one neuropsychiatric disorder and increased the risk for another. Until now, these antagonistic SNPs have not been further investigated regarding their link to brain structural phenotypes. Here, we explored their associations with cortical surface area and cortical thickness (in 34 brain regions and one global measure each) as well as the volumes of eight subcortical structures using summary statistics of large-scale GWAS of brain structural phenotypes. We assessed if significantly associated brain structural phenotypes were previously reported to be associated with major neuropsychiatric disorders in large-scale case-control imaging studies by the ENIGMA consortium. We further characterized the effects of the antagonistic SNPs on gene expression in brain tissue and their association with additional cognitive and behavioral phenotypes, and performed an exploratory voxel-based whole-brain analysis in the FOR2107 study (
n
= 754 patients with major depressive disorder and
n
= 847 controls). We found that eight antagonistic SNPs were significantly associated with brain structural phenotypes in regions such as anterior parts of the cingulate cortex, the insula, and the superior temporal gyrus. Case-control differences in implicated brain structural phenotypes have previously been reported for bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia. In addition, antagonistic SNPs were associated with gene expression changes in brain tissue and linked to several cognitive-behavioral traits. In our exploratory whole-brain analysis, we observed significant associations of gray matter volume in the left superior temporal pole and left superior parietal region with the variants rs301805 and rs1933802, respectively. Our results suggest that multiple antagonistic SNPs for neuropsychiatric disorders are linked to brain structural phenotypes. However, to further elucidate these findings, future case-control genomic imaging studies are required.
Journal Article
n−3 Fatty Acid Supplementation for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease
Among patients with dry eye disease, those who were randomly assigned to receive oral supplements containing fish-derived n−3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids did not have significantly better outcomes at 1 year than those who received placebo.
Journal Article
A man named Dave
This volume is the harrowing but ultimately uplifting true story of a boy's journey to confronting his abusive parents and learning to love, trust and live for the future.
Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new susceptibility loci for migraine
Verneri Anttila and colleagues report meta-analysis of 29 genome-wide association studies for migraine. They identify five loci newly associated with migraine, three of which are associated with specific subtypes of migraine with or without aura.
Migraine is the most common brain disorder, affecting approximately 14% of the adult population, but its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We report the results of a meta-analysis across 29 genome-wide association studies, including a total of 23,285 individuals with migraine (cases) and 95,425 population-matched controls. We identified 12 loci associated with migraine susceptibility (
P
< 5 × 10
−8
). Five loci are new: near
AJAP1
at 1p36, near
TSPAN2
at 1p13, within
FHL5
at 6q16, within
C7orf10
at 7p14 and near
MMP16
at 8q21. Three of these loci were identified in disease subgroup analyses. Brain tissue expression quantitative trait locus analysis suggests potential functional candidate genes at four loci:
APOA1BP
,
TBC1D7
,
FUT9
,
STAT6
and
ATP5B
.
Journal Article
طفل اسمه \نكرة\
تكشف القصة التي تحمل في ثنايا أحداثها ومجرياتها صورا مبكية ومفزعة لحال أشباه ديفيد في المجتمع المعاصر عامة وفي المجتمع الأميريكي بصورة خاصة ويمكن لهذه القصة أن تكون مثار أبحاث على جميع الأصعدة النفسية والاجتماعية والفلسفية والحياتية، فقد حفلت بالكثير من المسائل التي يجدر البحث فيها لرسم صورة لمعاناة معظم أطفال العالم اليوم، في محاولة لإيجاد مخرج لهم من تلك المعاناة ويعيدوا إليهم حقهم في عيش طفولتهم كما يجب أن تعاش.
BOOK
Structural differences in impaired verbal fluency in essential tremor patients compared to healthy controls
Objective We wanted to identify differences in grey and white matter in essential tremor patients compared to controls in the non‐motor domain, using the example of impaired verbal fluency. Background A disturbance of verbal fluency in essential tremor patients compared to healthy controls is behaviorally well described. Methods Voxel‐based morphometry and tract‐based spatial statistics were used to analyze structural differences in grey and white matter in 19 essential tremor patients compared to 23 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Results Several significant observations were made. (I) There was less grey matter in the predominantly right precuneus in the essential tremor group compared to controls [p < .001]. (II) In ET patients mean, axial, and radial diffusivity values broadly correlated with the tremor rating scale, pronounced in fronto‐parietal regions [p < .05]. (III) In ET patients there was a significant decline in fractional anisotropy values in the corpus callosum in the correlation with verbal fluency results [p < .05]; by inclusion of the tremor rating scale as covariate of no interest this significance was however diminished to a tendency (p < .1). No significant results were found in these within‐group correlations in grey matter analyses for ET patients (p > .05). Conclusion The present results indicate that non‐motor symptoms such as verbal fluency (VBF) in ET have a structural substrate; their reproduction requires the integration of potential environmental plasticity effects, differentiation into individual clinical subtypes and a careful handling with methodological peculiarities of structural MR imaging. The present results indicate that non‐motor symptoms such as VBF in ET have a structural substrate like the precuneus and the corpus callosum; their reproduction requires the integration of potential environmental plasticity effects, differentiation into individual clinical subtypes and a careful handling with methodological peculiarities of structural MR imaging.
Journal Article