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"Peng, Li-li"
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Innermost stable circular orbit and shadow of the 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black hole
Recently, a novel 4
D
Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity was formulated by Glavan and Lin (Phys Rev Lett 124(8):081301, 2020). Although whether the theory is well defined is currently debatable, the spherically symmetric black hole solution is still meaningful and worthy of study. In this paper, we study the geodesic motions in the spacetime of the spherically symmetric black hole solution. First of all, we find that a negative GB coupling constant is allowable, as in which case the singular behavior of the black hole can be hidden inside the event horizon. Then we calculate the innermost stable circular orbits for massive particles, which turn out to be monotonic decreasing functions of the GB coupling constant. Furthermore, we study the unstable photon sphere and shadow of the black hole. It is interesting to find that the proposed universal bounds on black hole size in Lu and Lyu (Phys Rev D 101(4):044059, 2020) recently can be broken when the GB coupling constant takes a negative value.
Journal Article
The association between systemic immune-inflammation index and rheumatoid arthritis: evidence from NHANES 1999–2018
Purpose
We aimed to explore the relationship between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using NHANES from 1999 to 2018.
Methods
We collected data from the NHANES database from 1999 to 2018. The SII is calculated from the counts of lymphocytes (LC), neutrophils (NC), and platelets (PC). The RA patients were derived from questionnaire data. We used weighted multivariate regression analysis and subgroup analysis to explore the relationship between SII and RA. Furthermore, the restricted cubic splines were used to explore the non-linear relationships.
Result
Our study included a total of 37,604 patients, of which 2642 (7.03%) had rheumatoid arthritis. After adjusting for all covariates, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high SII (In-transform) levels were associated with an increased likelihood of rheumatoid arthritis (OR=1.167, 95% CI=1.025–1.328,
P
=0.020). The interaction test revealed no significant effect on this connection. In the restricted cubic spline regression model, the relationship between ln-SII and RA was non-linear. The cutoff value of SII for RA was 578.25. The risk of rheumatoid arthritis increases rapidly when SII exceeds the cutoff value.
Conclusion
In general, there is a positive correlation between SII and rheumatoid arthritis. Our study shows that SII is a novel, valuable, and convenient inflammatory marker that can be used to predict the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in US adults.
Journal Article
مناشدة الحلم الفني
يتناول كتاب (مناشدة الحلم الفني) والذي قام بتأليفه (يوان مو، وانغ ويمينغ، بنغ بوه) في حوالي (56، 76) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (الفنون في الصين ودراسة وتعليم اللغة الصينية) مستعرضا ما يحويه الكتاب من موضوع سطع وهج النفوذ الصيني على الصعيد الدولي، وبات كثير من الناس يرغب في التعرف إلى الصين وإلى حياة شعبها اليومية، ومع انتشار معاهد كونفوشيوس في شتى أرجاء المعمورة، ازداد عدد الطالب وال سيما الصغار الذين يرغبون بتعلم اللغة الصينية.
Book
Roles of dietary glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline in collagen synthesis and animal growth
Glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline (Hyp) contribute to 57% of total amino acids (AAs) in collagen, which accounts for one-third of proteins in animals. As the most abundant protein in the body, collagen is essential to maintain the normal structure and strength of connective tissue, such as bones, skin, cartilage, and blood vessels. Mammals, birds, and fish can synthesize: (1) glycine from threonine, serine, choline, and Hyp; (2) proline from arginine; and (3) Hyp from proline residues in collagen, in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. In addition, livestock (e.g., pigs, cattle, and sheep) produces proline from glutamine and glutamate in the small intestine, but this pathway is absent from birds and possibly most fish species. Results of the recent studies indicate that endogenous synthesis of glycine, proline, and Hyp is inadequate for maximal growth, collagen production, or feed efficiency in pigs, chickens, and fish. Although glycine, proline and Hyp, and gelatin can be used as feed additives in animal diets, these ingredients except for glycine are relatively expensive, which precludes their inclusion in practical rations. Alternatively, hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM), which contains 9% glycine, 5% Hyp, and 12% proline, holds great promise as a low cost but abundant dietary source of glycine, Hyp, and proline for ruminants and nonruminants. Because HFM is deficient in most AAs, future research efforts should be directed at improving the bioavailability of its AAs and the balance of AAs in HFM-supplemented diets. Finally, HFM may be used as a feed additive to prevent or ameliorate connective tissue disorders in domestic and aquatic animals.
Journal Article
Protecting lithium metal anodes in lithium–sulfur batteries: A review
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered as one of the most promising next-generation energy storage devices because of their ultrahigh theoretical energy density beyond lithium-ion batteries. The cycling stability of Li metal anode largely determines the prospect of practical applications of Li–S batteries. This review systematically summarizes the current advances of Li anode protection in Li–S batteries regarding both fundamental understanding and regulation methodology. First, the main challenges of Li metal anode instability are introduced with emphasis on the influence from lithium polysulfides. Then, a timeline with 4 stages is presented to afford an overview of the developing history of this field. Following that, 3 Li anode protection strategies are discussed in detail in aspects of guiding uniform Li plating/stripping, reducing polysulfide concentration in anolyte, and reducing polysulfide reaction activity with Li metal. Finally, 3 viewpoints are proposed to inspire future research and development of advanced Li metal anode for practical Li–S batteries.
Journal Article
Composition of amino acids and related nitrogenous nutrients in feedstuffs for animal diets
We analyzed the composition of amino acids (AAs) in oligopeptides, proteins, and the free pool, as well as creatine, agmatine, polyamines, carnosine, anserine, and glutathione, in animal- and plant-derived feedstuffs. Ingredients of animal origins were black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFM), chicken by-product meal, chicken visceral digest, feather meal, Menhaden fishmeal, Peruvian anchovy fishmeal, Southeast Asian fishmeal, spray-dried peptone from enzymes-treated porcine mucosal tissues, poultry by-product meal (pet-food grade), spray-dried poultry plasma, and spray-dried egg product. Ingredients of plant origins were algae spirulina meal, soybean meal, and soy protein concentrate. All animal-derived feedstuffs contained large amounts of all proteinogenic AAs (particularly glycine, proline, glutamate, leucine, lysine, and arginine) and key nonproteinogenic AAs (taurine and 4-hydroxyproline), as well as significant amounts of agmatine, polyamines, creatine, creatinine, creatine phosphate, and glutathione. These nitrogenous substances are essential to either DNA and protein syntheses in cells or energy metabolism in tissues (particularly the brain and skeletal muscle). Of note, chicken by-product meal, poultry by-product meal, and spray-dried poultry plasma contained large amounts of carnosine and anserine (potent antioxidants). Compared with most of the animal-derived feedstuffs, plant-derived feedstuffs contained much lower contents of glycine and proline, little 4-hydroxyproline, and no creatine, creatinine, creatine phosphate, carnosine or anserine. These results indicate the unique importance of animal-source feedstuffs in improving the feed efficiency, growth and health of animals (including fish and companion animals). Because soy protein concentrate is consumed by infants, children and adults, as are BSFM and algae for children and adults, our findings also have important implications for human nutrition.
Journal Article