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Bone defects caused by injury, disease, or congenital deformity remain a major health concern, and efficiently regenerating bone is a prominent clinical demand worldwide. However, bone regeneration is an intricate process that requires concerted participation of both cells and bioactive factors. Mimicking physiological bone healing procedures, the sustained release of bioactive molecules plays a vital role in creating an optimal osteogenic microenvironment and achieving promising bone repair outcomes. The utilization of biomaterial scaffolds can positively affect the osteogenesis process by integrating cells with bioactive factors in a proper way. A high water content, tunable physio-mechanical properties, and diverse synthetic strategies make hydrogels ideal cell carriers and controlled drug release reservoirs. Herein, we reviewed the current advancements in hydrogel-based drug sustained release systems that have delivered osteogenesis-inducing peptides, nucleic acids, and other bioactive molecules in bone tissue engineering (BTE).

Background The symptoms of cool-temperature-induced chlorosis (CTIC) are widely existed in higher plants. Although many studies have shown that the genetic mechanism of CTIC is generally controlled by recessive genes in model plants, the dominant inheritance of albinism has not been reported thus far. Here, two CTIC mutants, Red Kamome and White Kamome, were utilized to analyse the inheritance of the albino trait in ornamental kale. The objective of this investigation is to fine-map the target locus and identify the most likely candidate genes for albinism. Results Genetic analysis revealed that the albinism in the inner leaves of ornamental kale followed semi-dominant inheritance and was controlled by a single locus in two segregating populations. BSR-seq in combination with linkage analysis was employed to fine-map the causal gene, named AK ( Albino Kale ), to an approximate 60 kb interval on chromosome C03. Transcriptome data from two extreme pools indicated that the differentially expressed gene of Bol015404 , which encodes a cytochrome P450 protein, was the candidate gene. The Bol015404 gene was demonstrated to be upregulated in the albino leaves of ornamental kale by qPCR. Additionally, the critical temperature for the albinism was determined between 10 °C and 16 °C by gradient test. Conclusions Using two independent segregating populations, the albino mutants were shown to be controlled by one semi-dominant gene, AK , in ornamental kale. The Bol015404 gene was co-segregated with albinism phenotypes, suggesting this unknown function P450 gene as the most likely candidate gene. The albino trait appeared caused by the low temperatures rather than photoperiod. Our results lay a solid foundation on the genetic control of albinism in ornamental kale.

Background Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), was commonly used as the hypoglycaemic agent, while the impact on blood pressure (BP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remained unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of sitagliptin therapy on modulating systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in T2DM. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the impact of sitagliptin on SBP and DBP in T2DM. Given to the inherent clinical heterogeneity, a random-effect model was used for the overall meta-analysis. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were conducted using standard methods. Results A total of 24 studies were identified. Treatment with sitagliptin was associated with a reduction in SBP (WMD = − 2.57 mmHg, 95% CI − 4.40 to − 0.75; I 2  = 0%; P = 0.006) and DBP (WMD = − 1.09 mmHg, 95% CI − 2.16 to − 0.03; I 2  = 0%; P  = 0.04) compared to placebo in patients with T2DM. Exploratory subgroup analysis suggested a potential trend toward BP reduction according to the subgroup analysis on treatment duration, BMI, HbA1c and dosage. The leave-one-out sensitivity analysis supported the robustness of these pooled effects. No significant publication bias was observed in BP parameters across the RCTs according to Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Conclusions Administration of sitagliptin was associated with a reduction of BP in patients with T2DM. However, its clinical role remained primarily glycemic control. The potential reduction of BP might be considered an ancillary benefit rather than a substitute for standard antihypertensive therapy. International prospective register for systematic review (PROSPERO) number: CRD42026128657.

Evans syndrome, characterized by autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia, is rare and often refractory to conventional therapies. In Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), its incidence is approximately 0.47%. We report the first case of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for SLE-Evans syndrome. A 36-year-old woman with refractory disease received autologous CD19 CAR T cells (inati-cel) after lymphodepleting chemotherapy. CAR T cells expanded rapidly, peaking on day 7, and remained detectable for 6 months. CD19 B cells were eliminated by day 14. Hemoglobin levels improved from 48 g/L pre-infusion to 115 g/L at day 28 and stabilized. Platelet counts increased from 60,000/µL to 195,000/µL at 2 months. Only grade 1 cytokine release syndrome occurred, with no other adverse events. This case demonstrates that CD19 CAR T cell therapy is a promising approach for refractory Evans syndrome, warranting further investigation.

To evaluate the impact of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on pregnancy outcomes and maternal and fetal complications in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and autoimmune disease. The medical records of pregnant women with a history of RPL and autoimmune disease attending the Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital between January 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Primary outcomes were gestational week at delivery (term: ≥ 37 weeks; preterm: < 37 weeks). Secondary outcomes were mid-to-late pregnancy loss and maternal and fetal complications, defined in accordance with national and international guidelines. 103 (20.9%) patients were exposed to HCQ (0.1g twice daily), 389 (79.1%) were not. There were 436 full-term births, 48 preterm births, 5 late-term miscarriages, 2 stillbirths, and 1 fetal malformation-induced abortion. Univariable/multivariable analyses showed a potential protective trend of HCQ against preterm birth (unadjusted OR 0.86 [95% CI 0.40-1.84], p=0.70; Model 1 [adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), recurrent abortion, antiphospholipid antibodies, undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD)/Sjogren's syndrome (SS), serological markers]: OR 0.59 [95% CI 0.19-1.84], p=0.37; Model 2 [additional adjustment for low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), prednisone, aspirin]: OR 0.41 [95% CI 0.11-1.51], p=0.18). Fetal weight (HCQ: 3215.46 ± 459.21g vs. non-HCQ: 3226.96 ± 500.01g, p=0.84) and maternal-fetal complications showed no differences. Subgroup analysis stratified by autoimmune diagnosis (antiphospholipid syndrome [APS], UCTD, SS) revealed no heterogeneity (APS: OR 0.78 [95% CI 0.28, 2.22], p = 0.64; UCTD: OR 0.52 [95% CI 0.15, 1.81], p = 0.30; SS: OR 1.03 [95% CI 0.12, 8.87], p = 0.98). This study showed that in women with a history of RPL and autoimmune disease, HCQ use was not statistically significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes or maternal-fetal complications. A potential protective trend against preterm birth was observed, but this association did not reach statistical significance.

Accurate prediction of electricity demand during hot seasons is essential for maintaining power system reliability, particularly in humid subtropical regions such as Guangdong, China, where high temperatures strongly influence consumption. However, many models rely primarily on air temperature and may not fully capture combined atmospheric effects. This study evaluates the potential of biometeorological thermal indices for improving summer electricity load forecasting. Daily maximum load and meteorological data during May–September 2019–2021 were analyzed using Back-Propagation Neural Network (BP), Random Forest (RF), and a Stacking ensemble model. Three indices—Effective Temperature (ET), Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI)—were introduced as predictors. The ensemble model achieved the best performance, with Ensemble–UTCI yielding the highest accuracy (R2 = 0.559, RMSE = 60.96 × 104 kW, MAE = 45.10 × 104 kW). Compared with temperature-based models, biometeorological indices consistently improved predictions, with UTCI performing best (average RMSE = 62.81 × 104 kW). Bayesian analysis shows strong evidence of improvement in RF and ensemble models, but not in BP or linear models, indicating model dependence. During the July 2021 heat event, RF showed greater robustness, with PET–RF achieving the lowest error (MAPE = 3.03%). These results demonstrate the value of biometeorological indices for load forecasting in humid subtropical regions.

In the context of global warming, compound dry-hot events (CDHEs) are intensifying in Guangdong, yet CMIP6 projections remain uncertain. This study employs CMIP6 data and the Standardized Compound Event Indicator (SCEI) to quantify CDHEs severity, applying an observational constraint approach to reduce inter-model uncertainty. The results show that, after observational constraint, uncertainties decrease by about 63% and 77% in Period I and II under SSP126 and by about 57% and 59% under SSP585, greatly improving projection robustness. CDHE risk is highest in SSP585-Period II. Future dry-hot intensification in Guangdong generally increases from north to south, with western Guangdong most strongly affected. Although CDHEs weaken in other periods, western Guangdong shows persistent aggravation. Mechanism analyses indicate that SSP585-Period I is mainly linked to cold sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the South Atlantic and waters near Australia. After correction, dry-hot conditions show a marked weakening across Guangdong, although slight intensification persists over the Leizhou Peninsula. SSP585-Period II is primarily influenced by warm SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific and South Atlantic and cold anomalies in the North Pacific. The two SSP126 periods are associated with warm SST anomalies in the South Atlantic and waters near Australia and with cold anomalies in the South Atlantic, North Pacific, and North Atlantic, respectively. After correction, CDHEs generally weaken across Guangdong, although southern and south-central areas remain relatively severe. These findings indicate that historical key SST biases can strongly influence future CDHEs projections in Guangdong by modulating large-scale atmospheric circulation, including the Pacific-South American wave train, Indian Ocean SST anomalies, and the Western North Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone.

Repairing tooth defects with dental resin composites is currently the most commonly used method due to their tooth-colored esthetics and photocuring properties. However, the higher than desirable failure rate and moderate service life are the biggest challenges the composites currently face. Secondary caries is one of the most common reasons leading to repair failure. Therefore, many attempts have been carried out on the development of a new generation of antimicrobial and therapeutic dental polymer composite materials to inhibit dental caries and prolong the lifespan of restorations. These new antimicrobial materials can inhibit the formation of biofilms, reduce acid production from bacteria and the occurrence of secondary caries. These results are encouraging and open the doors to future clinical studies on the therapeutic value of antimicrobial dental resin-based restoratives. However, antimicrobial resins still face challenges such as biocompatibility, drug resistance and uncontrolled release of antimicrobial agents. In the future, we should focus on the development of more efficient, durable and smart antimicrobial dental resins. This article focuses on the most recent 5 years of research, reviews the current antimicrobial strategies of composite resins, and introduces representative antimicrobial agents and their antimicrobial mechanisms.

Objective: To provide real-world data and summarize current clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of sirolimus in active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Methods: This was a prospective real-world clinical study. Included SLE patients should have Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) ⩾ 2. They were treated with sirolimus and followed up regularly. The SLEDAI-2K, Physician Global Assessment (PGA), serological activity indices, and remission of organ manifestations were evaluated. We also performed a meta-analysis to integrate current evidence of sirolimus in SLE. Results: A total of 49 patients were included in the final analysis. After treatment, the SLEDAI-2K (6.2 ± 3.1 versus 4.0 ± 3.4, p = 0.001) decreased significantly, and the prednisone dosage was tapered successfully (9.9 ± 8.8 mg/day versus 5.9 ± 4.0 mg/day, p = 0.002). Serological activity indices also improved [complement 3 (C3): 0.690 ± 0.209 g/l versus 0.884 ± 0.219 g/l, p < 0.001; complement 4: 0.105 ± 0.059 g/l versus 0.141 ± 0.069 g/l, p < 0.001; anti-dsDNA antibody, 200 ± 178 IU/ml versus 156 ± 163 IU/ml, p = 0.022]. The remission proportions of arthritis, skin rash, and thrombocytopenia were 100%, 88.8%, and 46.2%, respectively. A total of 41.2% of lupus nephritis (LN) patients achieved renal remission, but the average 24-h urine protein level was not significantly changed. Meta-analysis enrolled five studies with 149 patients included, and revealed similar results regarding the changes of SLEDAI-2K [−3.5 (−5.0, −2.1)], C3 [0.224 (0.136, 0.311) g/l] and daily dosage of prednisone [−12.7 (−19.9, −5.6) mg/day]. Conclusion: Sirolimus might be effective and tolerated in SLE. The role of sirolimus in LN requires further study.

Backgroud To analyze the morphological changes of the anterior alveolar bone after the retraction of incisors in premolar extraction cases and the relationship between incisor retraction and remodeling of the alveolar base represented by points A and B displacements. Methods Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) lateral cephalograms of 308 subjects in the maxilla and 154 subjects in the mandible who underwent the orthodontic treatment with extraction of 2 premolars in upper or lower arches were included. Alveolar bone width and height in both the maxillary and mandible incisor area were measured at T0 and T1 respectively. By superimposing the T0 and T1 cephalometric tracings, changes of points A and B, and the movement of the incisors were also measured. Then the correlation between incisor movement and the displacements of points A and B was analyzed. Results The alveolar bone width (ABW) showed a significant decrease in both maxilla and mandible ( P  < 0.001) except the labial side of the mandible ( P  > 0.05). The alveolar bone height (ABH) showed a significant increase in the labial side of maxilla and a significant decrease in the lingual side of maxilla and mandible. A strong positive correlation was verified between incisor movement and position changes of points A and B in both horizontal and vertical directions. Conclusions Anterior alveolar bone width and height generally decreased after orthodontic treatment. Incisor retraction led to significant position changes of points A and B. The decrease of anterior alveolar bone due to significant incisor retraction should be taken into account in treatment planning.