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Parents want daughters- and sons-in-law who are similar to their children, and children want spouses who are similar to themselves. In turn, the question arises: Do parents agree among themselves on how much similarity they desire in their prospective in-laws concerning their children? Moreover, do parents and children agree on the level of similarity they desire in an in-law and a spouse, respectively? Furthermore, to exercise an in-law preference for similarity, parents need to assess how their children score in traits deemed desirable in a spouse. This raises the question of whether mothers and fathers perceive their children similarly, and whether they perceive their children in the same way their children perceive themselves in these traits. The current study aimed to address these questions using a sample of 356 families from China, focusing on four desirable traits: good looks, good providers, good economic prospects, and good family background. Our results indicated that parents preferred sons- and daughters-in-law who were similar to their children, and mothers and fathers concurred on the level of similarity they desired between their children and their in-laws. Additionally, parents desired as much similarity between their children and their in-laws as their children desired between themselves and their spouses. Furthermore, we found that mothers and fathers concurred on how they perceive their children across the four desirable traits. Finally, both parents scored their children higher in these traits than their children scored themselves.

The use of radial jet drilling (RJD) to exploit unconventional natural gas is an attractive study area. A self‐propelled bit enormously affects the drilling efficiency. Herein, for a straight‐swirling mixed jet (SSMJ) bit, the internal and external velocity fields were analyzed using a simulation to reveal a jet mixed mechanism. The rock‐breaking characteristics of different bit structures were investigated using laboratory experiments. A straight jet and a swirling jet were independent flowing through the impeller and were gradually mixed together in the mixing chamber inside the bit. The jets' boundary gradually dissipated along the radial direction, and the swirling jet distribution along the circumferential direction tended to be uniform. The velocity vector gradually decreased from the center to the periphery, and the energies were slowly concentrated due to the cluster‐narrowing by the conical wall until the velocity at the nozzle outlet reached its peak. Different flow fields were modulated by changing the bit structures. The diameters ratio greatly affected the distribution proportion of straight and swirling; the length‐diameter ratio primarily affected the contribution of the swirling jet to its center, and the width‐diameter ratio chiefly affected the initial formation velocity of the swirling jet, which all directly affected the depth variation along the radial and diameter of a borehole. The hole depth and diameter, erosion volume, and bottom flatness were combined to evaluate the rock‐breaking performance. The bit with a diameters ratio of 0.67, a length‐radius ratio of 0.57, and the width‐radius ratio of 0.13 had the best erosion effect. The simulation and experimental results achieved good mutual verifications. Overall, this study can guide research on the SSMJ rock‐breaking mechanism and bit design for RJD. The formation mechanism of a new‐type straight‐swirling mixed jet was revealed by analyzing the internal flow field. The characteristics of rock‐breaking under different key factors were explained, combined with the analysis of the jet mixing process. The bit with a diameters ratio of 0.67, a length‐radius ratio of 0.57, and the width‐radius ratio of 0.13 had the best erosion effect.

Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) face high postevent mortality. This study aims to evaluate the impact of living without spouse on 1-year mortality of ACS patients. This retrospective study enrolled a total of 600 consecutive patients (≥75 years of age) with ACS hospitalized in our hospital between January 2013 and December 2016. Patients’ clinical characteristics, laboratory values, hospital course, demographic characteristics, and angiographic data were collected. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to living with (n = 396) or without (n = 204) spouse. Patients living without spouse were older (79 [77,82] vs 77 [76,80], p <0.001), more frequently female (54.9% vs 31.8%, p <0.001), less smokers (23.5% vs 38.9%, p <0.001), lower left ventricular ejection fraction value (52.1±10.7% vs 54.4±9.8%, p = 0.021) compared with patients living with spouse. In addition, compared to patients living with spouse, patients living without spouse were less likely to get percutaneous coronary intervention (41.2% vs 54.0%, p = 0.003) during hospitalization and had higher 1-year mortality post-ACS (22.1% vs 13.4%, p = 0.006). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that living without spouse remained an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality after ACS in patients ≥75 years (odds ratio 2.350, 95% confidence interval 1.245 to 4.434, p = 0.008), after adjusted with age, gender, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction value at baseline, hemoglobin, white blood cell, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, creatinine, brain natriuretic peptide, type of ACS, severe heart failure at admission, percutaneous coronary intervention treatment, β blocker, diuretics application during hospital. In conclusion, living without spouse is an independent risk factor for 1-year all-cause mortality in ACS patients ≥75 years.

In this paper, we study the asymptotic distribution of the maxima of suprema of dependent Gaussian processes with trend. For different scales of the time horizon we obtain different normalizing functions for the convergence of the maxima. The obtained results not only have potential applications in estimating the delay of certain Gaussian fork-join queueing systems but also provide interesting insights to the extreme value theory for triangular arrays of random variables with row-wise dependence.

This paper studies the joint tail asymptotics of extrema of the multi-dimensional Gaussian process over random intervals defined as $P(u)\\;:\\!=\\; \\mathbb{P}\\{\\cap_{i=1}^n (\\sup_{t\\in[0,\\mathcal{T}_i]} ( X_{i}(t) +c_i t )>a_i u )\\}$ , $u\\rightarrow\\infty$ , where $X_i(t)$ , $t\\ge0$ , $i=1,2,\\ldots,n$ , are independent centered Gaussian processes with stationary increments, $\\boldsymbol{\\mathcal{T}}=(\\mathcal{T}_1, \\ldots, \\mathcal{T}_n)$ is a regularly varying random vector with positive components, which is independent of the Gaussian processes, and $c_i\\in \\mathbb{R}$ , $a_i>0$ , $i=1,2,\\ldots,n$ . Our result shows that the structure of the asymptotics of P(u) is determined by the signs of the drifts $c_i$ . We also discuss a relevant multi-dimensional regenerative model and derive the corresponding ruin probability.

Paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10) is important for apoptosis resistance in cancer cells; however, the effect of PEG10 on tumor cell migration remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of PEG10 on proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion and migration in the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, Raji. Apoptosis was induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in pcDNA3.0/PEG10 transiently transfected HEK293T cells and PEG10-suppressed Raji cells. siRNAPEG10 was used to inhibit PEG10 expression. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) were performed to analyze the effect of PEG10 on apoptosis. CCK-8 were performed to detect cell proliferation and adhesion. Matrigel invasion were performed using PEG10-suppressed Raji cells to investigate cell migration. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases -2and -9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were analyzed in PEG10-suppressed Raji cells using both real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. HEK293T cells that overexpressed PEG10 exhibited greater viability 48 h following treatment with 5-FU, relative to control cells. Specific inhibition of PEG10 expression by siRNA resulted in inhibition of growth and apoptosis in Raji cells. Adherence and invasion capabilities were downregulated and expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were reduced in PEG10-suppressed Raji cells. Our findings demonstrated that PEG10 enhances the apoptotic resistance and viability of Raji cells. The migration and adherence invasion capacity of Raji cells could potentially be affected by regulation of the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Our research provides a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy of lymphoma.

ObjectiveThe aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of ischaemic postconditioning (IPC) therapy on hard clinical endpoints in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of IPC on the outcomes of patients with STEMI.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for relevant articles published prior to May 1, 2018.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised trials comparing conventional PPCI to PPCI combined with IPC in STEMI patients were included. The primary endpoint was heart failure. Secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including cardiac death, heart failure and MI. The Cochrane Reviewer’s Handbook 4.2 was used to assess the risk of bias.Data extraction and synthesisRelevant data were extracted by two independent investigators. We derived pooled risk ratios (RRs) with random effects models. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsTen studies that had enrolled 3137 patients were included. PPCI combined with IPC failed to reduce heart failure (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.26, p=0.47; absolute risk: 3.64% in the IPC group and 4.11% in the PPCI only group), all-cause mortality (RR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.27, p=0.68; absolute risk: 5.07% in the IPC group and 5.27% in the PPCI onlygroup), MACE (RR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.83 to 1.32, p=0.69; absolute risk: 9.37% in the IPC group and 8.93% in the PPCI only group), cardiac death (RR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.85 to 1.93, p=0.24; absolute risk: 4.28% in the IPC group and 3.25% in the PPCI only group) and MI (RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.38 to 3.12, p=0.88; absolute risk: 3.61% in the IPC group and 3.44% in the PPCI only group).ConclusionsIPC combined with PPCI does not reduce heart failure, MACE and all-cause mortality compared with traditional PPCI in patients with STEMI.Trial registration numberCRD42017063959

Patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) undergoing cardiac surgery have a high mortality rate. Levosimendan, a calcium sensitizer, improves myocardial contractility without increasing myocardial oxygen demand. It is not clear whether levosimendan can reduce mortality in cardiac surgery patients with LVD. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central databases were searched to identify randomized trials comparing levosimendan with conventional treatment in cardiac surgery patients with LVD. We derived pooled risk ratios (RRs) with random effects models. The primary endpoint was perioperative mortality. Secondary endpoints were renal replacement treatment, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmia, and hypotension. Fifteen studies enrolling 2606 patients were included. Levosimendan reduced the incidence of perioperative mortality (RR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.45–0.91) and renal replacement treatment (RR:0.71, 95%CI:0.52–0.95). However, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) indicated that more evidence was needed. Furthermore, levosimendan did not reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation (RR:0.82, 95%CI:0.64–1.07), myocardial infarction (RR:0.56, 95%CI:0.26–1.23), or ventricular arrhythmia (RR:0.74, 95%CI:0.49–1.11), but it increased the incidence of hypotension (RR:1.11,95%CI:1.00–1.23). There was not enough high-quality evidence to either support or contraindicate the use of levosimendan in cardiac surgery patients with LVD.

We investigate the tail asymptotic behavior of the sojourn time for a large class of centered Gaussian processes X, in both continuous- and discrete-time framework. All results obtained here are new for the discrete-time case. In the continuous-time case, we complement the investigations of Berman (Commun Pure Appl Math 38(5):519–528, 1985a and Probab Theory Relat Fields 20(1):113–124, 1987) for non-stationary X. A by-product of our investigation is a new representation of Pickands constant which is important for Monte-Carlo simulations and yields a sharp lower bound for Pickands constant.

In this paper, we study optimal dividend problems in a diffusion risk model for two different cases depending on whether reinsurance is incorporated. In either case, the dividend rate is bounded above by a constant, and the company earns investment income at a constant force of interest. Unlike existing approaches in the literature dealing with optimal problems with interest, we allow the force of interest to be greater than the discount factor, and we use a different method to solve the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation instead of introducing a confluent hypergeometric function. We conclude that the optimal dividend policy is of a threshold type and show that the corresponding dividend barrier is nondecreasing in the dividend rate bound. In cases where there is no reinsurance, we construct an auxiliary reflecting control problem to find the nonzero dividend barrier. If proportional reinsurance is purchased, the optimal reinsurance strategy looks somewhat strange. The optimal retention level of risk first increases monotonically with risk reserve to some possible value (less than 1 ) and then stays at level 1 for a while or, if 1 has been reached, finally, it decreases to 0.