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Selecting superior genotypes is facilitated by marker-assisted selection (MAS), which is particularly suitable for transferring disease resistance alleles because it nullifies environmental effects and allows selection of resistant individuals in the absence of the pathogen or race, enabling preventive breeding. Molecular markers linked to two major genes (SH3 and SH?), conferring resistance to coffee rust, and those linked to the Ck-1 gene, conferring resistance to coffee berry disease (CBD), have previously been identified. These markers were validated and used in a progeny of crosses between Indian selections with Coffea arabica cultivars. Eleven resistant individuals homozygous for SH3 were identified by MAS. Of these, seven carry SH? from Híbrido de Timor and the gene introduced from Coffea liberica (SH3). SH? was characterized as derived from Coffea canephora. Thus, it was possible to identify C. arabica genotypes carrying important genes for rust resistance introgressed from other coffee species. MAS also allowed identification of sources of CBD resistance for use in preventive breeding for resistance to this serious disease. Using two validated molecular markers, two coffee plants carrying Ck-1 were identified: the UFV 328-60 genotype (F2) was resistant and homozygous based on both molecular markers but exhibited no markers related to SH3 and SH?, and the UFV 317-12 genotype (F1) was resistant and homozygous but resistant and heterozygous based on CBD-Sat207 and CBD-Sat235, respectively. Along with possessing Ck-1, the latter carries SH?. Overall, plants carrying different genes for resistance to rust and CBD were identified. These plants are important sources for gene pyramiding in breeding programs aimed at multiple and durable resistance.

Irrigation is crucial for agricultural production in dry regions. However, water salinity is a risk for the soil–plant combination and the longevity of the materials that make up the irrigation system. Drip irrigation using direct and intermittent photovoltaic pumping can be key for optimizing irrigation with saline water. This article compares two pump models to understand which has the greatest capacity to reduce the risks of salinity in irrigated agriculture, aiming to make the system more sustainable through more efficient irrigation, without the need for highly expensive corrective cleaning measures. The ideal pump was evaluated using the motor pump’s electrical and hydraulic parameters and the water’s quality parameters applied by irrigation. The results indicate that the diaphragm pump is more sensitive to disturbances in irrigation management when compared to the centrifugal pump; however, it stands out in the following areas: it is more efficient, that is, it operates for more hours of the day with a direct connection with the photovoltaic panels; delivers better distribution uniformity in both continuous and pulsed application; and it makes the drip irrigation system with saline water more resistant to clogging.

Abstract The MGS Catucaí Pioneira cultivar stands out for its yield, rust resistance, and beverage quality. Evaluated over four harvest seasons in ten municipalities of southern Minas Gerais, it demonstrated excellent agronomic performance and a sensory profile with floral and sweet notes, making it suitable for both mechanized and non-mechanized production systems.

The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective strategy for controlling coffee leaf rust caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix. To assist the development of such cultivars, amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers linked to two loci of coffee resistance to races I and II as well as pathotype 001 of H. vastatrix were converted to sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) and cleaved amplified polymorphic site (CAPS) markers. In total, 2 SCAR markers and 1 CAPS marker were validated in resistant and susceptible parents as well as in 247 individuals from the F2 population. The efficiency of these markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) was evaluated in F2:3 and backcross (BCrs2) populations genotyped with the developed markers and phenotyped with race II of H. vastatrix. The markers showed 90% efficiency in MAS. Therefore, the developed markers, together with molecular markers associated with other rust resistance genes, were used for F3:4 and BCrs3 coffee selection. The selected plants were analyzed using two markers associated with coffee berry disease (CBD) resistance, aiming for preventive breeding. MAS of F3:4 and BCrs3 individuals with all resistance loci was feasible. Our phenotypic and genotypic approaches are useful for the development of coffee genotypes with multiple genes conferring resistance to coffee leaf rust and CBD.

Background Surgical site infections account for 14–17% of all healthcare-associated infections. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) are complementary strategies developed to optimize the use of antimicrobials. Aim to evaluate the effectiveness of AMS in promoting adherence to surgical antibiotic prophylaxis protocols in hospitalized patients, reducing surgical site infection rate and cost–benefit ratio. Method This systematic review of randomized clinical trials, non-randomized clinical trials and before and after studies was performed using Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov, in addition to reference lists of included studies. The risk of bias of studies was measured by the ROBINS-I checklist and the quality of the evidence synthesis by GRADE. Results Fourteen before and after design studies were included. In 85.7% of the studies, AMS was effective in increasing adherence to surgical antibiotic prophylaxis protocols and in 28.5%, there was reduction in surgical site infection rate. Three studies evaluated cost–benefit ratio and found a favorable impact. Eight (57%) studies were at risk of moderate bias and six had severe bias. The evaluation of the synthesis of evidence showed quality ranging from low to very low. Conclusion AMS, such as audit, feedback, education, implementation of a protocol, and a computer-assisted decision support methodology, appear to be effective in promoting adherence to surgical antibiotic prophylaxis protocols, reducing surgical site infection rate with a positive economic impact. However, more studies, particularly randomized clinical trials, are needed to improve the level of evidence of available information on AMS in order to favor decision-making.

The specialty coffee market has grown significantly in the past decades and has several cultivars with productive potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensory profile of the beverage produced from Coffea arabica L. genotypes based on postharvest processing and to identify cultivars with the greatest genetic potential for coffee cultivation in the city of Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with two replicates and 11 genotypes with different levels of resistance to rust. The sensory profile demonstrated an interaction between the genotype and the processing technique. Five of the genotypes presented total scores above 85 points according to the SCAA protocol. Moreover, two of these genotypes yielded heightened sensory notes after undergoing dry processing. The selection of coffee genotypes should consider the level of technology involved in the drying of the coffee beans, which preserves the potential quality of the beverage.

The coefficient of parentage among 121 cultivars of Coffea arabica L. in Brazil released from 1939 to 2009 was estimated and used to study the genetic diversity and the breeding pattern of the breeding programs. A low genetic diversity was observed within the C. arabica cultivars of Brazil. The genetic base of 121 cultivars released in Brazil between 1939 and 2009 was defined by 13 ancestors. Seven ancestors contribute with 97.55% of the genetic base of C. arabica cultivars. Bourbon Vermelho contributed with 52.76% for the genetic pool of the C. arabica cultivars of Brazil followed by Sumatra (19.05%) and Híbrido de Timor (11.59%). Mundo Novo and Icatu Vermelho contributed with 87.65% for the genetic base of the C. arabica cultivars. It was calculated that 97.55% of the genetic base of the Brazilian C. arabica cultivars is derived from seven ancestors, indicating a narrow genetic base. Among the first progenies, Mundo Novo contributed with 69.39% of the genetic base of C. arabica cultivars in Brazil. The increase in the genetic diversity among C. arabica cultivars observed in recent decades is due to the introduction of parental lines with diverse genetic base. High genetic diversity was observed among cultivars released by Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais/Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Fundação Procafé, and Instituto Agronômico do Paraná. The 121 Brazilian cultivars were clustered into four groups based on coefficient of parentage. The distributions of genotypes over the cluster groups showed the effect of parental line contribution.

Abstract The MGS Turmalina coffee cultivar is short in size, matures early, and is rust resistant. It has demonstrated a higher yield than the Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 cultivar in different regions, standing out in environments with greater water deficit. The market value of MGS Turmalina beans is higher due to its superior cup quality.

This study aimed to evaluate the cup quality of Coffea arabica elite genotypes submitted to wet processing. C. arabica elite genotypes, which were grouped according to their genealogy: Bourbon, Paraíso Germplasm, and Resistant to Rust. Coffees were sent to wet processing to obtain fully washed coffee. After processing and drying the coffees were subjected to cup quality analysis according to the methodology of the Association of Special Coffees (SCA). To characterize and discriminate the genealogical groups the data were submitted to chemometric analysis, Principal Component Method (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). The PCA was effective in presenting an overview of the data, demonstrating the variables that most contributed to the analysis response. However, the PCA was not efficient to group genotypes according to their genealogical origin, based on chemometric data, as it is an unsupervised analysis. Even though most of the samples were classified correctly, the PLS-DA model created has not yet managed to correctly classify the genotypes of the Paraíso germplasm group. The C. arabica elite genotypes evaluated have the potential to produce special coffees, especially on the genotypes Paraíso 2, H493-1-2-10 and UFV-7158 with scores equal to or above 90 points.

Genomic Selection (GS) has allowed the maximization of genetic gains per unit time in several annual and perennial plant species. However, no GS studies have addressed , the most economically important species of the genus . Therefore, this study aimed (i) to evaluate the applicability and accuracy of GS in the prediction of the genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV); (ii) to estimate the genetic parameters; and (iii) to evaluate the time reduction of the selection cycle by GS in Arabica coffee breeding. A total of 195 Arabica coffee individuals, belonging to 13 families in generation of F , susceptible backcross and resistant backcross, were phenotyped for 18 agronomic traits, and genotyped with 21,211 SNP molecular markers. Phenotypic data, measured in 2014, 2015, and 2016, were analyzed by mixed models. GS analyses were performed by the G-BLUP method, using the RKHS (Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces) procedure, with a Bayesian algorithm. Heritabilities and selective accuracies were estimated, revealing moderate to high magnitude for most of the traits evaluated. Results of GS analyses showed the possibility of reducing the cycle time by 50%, maximizing selection gains per unit time. The effect of marker density on GS analyses was evaluated. Genomic selection proved to be promising for breeding. The agronomic traits presented high complexity for they are controlled by several QTL and showed low genomic heritabilities, evidencing the need to incorporate genomic selection methodologies to the breeding programs of this species.