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The elucidation of the ripening pathways of climacteric fruits helps to reduce postharvest losses and improve fruit quality. Here, we report an integrative study on tomato ripening for two near-isogenic lines (NIL115 and NIL080) with Solanum pimpinellifolium LA0722 introgressions. A comprehensive analysis using phenotyping, molecular, transcript, and protein data were performed. Both NILs show improved fruit firmness and NIL115 also has longer shelf life compared to the cultivated parent. NIL115 differentially expressed a transcript from the APETALA2 ethylene response transcription factor family (AP2/ERF) with a potential role in fruit ripening. E4, another ERF, showed an upregulated expression in NIL115 as well as in the wild parent, and it was located physically close to a wild introgression. Other proteins whose expression levels changed significantly during ripening were identified, including an ethylene biosynthetic enzyme (ACO3) and a pectate lyase (PL) in NIL115, and an alpha-1,4 glucan phosphorylase (Pho1a) in NIL080. In this study, we provide insights into the effects of several genes underlying tomato ripening with potential impact on fruit shelf life. Data integration contributed to unraveling ripening-related genes, providing opportunities for assisted breeding.

The cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a self-pollinating species whose fruit ripening is crucial for commercial quality, as many attributes are established during this stage. Fruits ripened on the plant usually have better quality than those ripened off the plant. This study combines traditional molecular techniques (cDNA-AFLP) with bioinformatics tools (PlantCARE and PLACE) to analyze gene expression in fruits ripened on the plant and off the plant from both cultivated and wild genotypes, which differ in shelf life. The goal is to analyze genetic variability in ripening-related transcripts at both ripening conditions and, once identified, the most discrepant variety, to characterize its cis-regulatory elements in the 5′ DNA regions inducing differentially expressed genes. Results revealed wide genetic variability in gene expression according to differentially cDNA-AFLP amplicons detected in both ripening conditions. A strong association among the expressed genes under both ripening conditions and the phenotypic fruit traits related to post-harvest life was found. Though wild genotypes showed the greatest number of amplicons, the most discrepant genotype was the cultivated variety of standard shelf life. The analysis of the promoter in this genotype showed differences in cis-elements between conditions. In shelf-ripened fruits, stress-related elements were predominant and located near the transcription start site, whereas in on-plant ripening fruits, cis-motifs were more abundant farther from the start site. This research provides initial insights into the transcriptional networks regulating ripening and stress responses, offering valuable information for future genetic improvements and post-harvest strategies in tomato cultivation.

Fil: Cambiaso, Vladimir. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina

ABSTRACT Aniba cinnamomiflora C. K. Allen is a tree species of Lauraceae family that produces essential oil. A study on the hydrodistillation product of wood pieces from branches of Aniba cinnamomiflora is presented. A 0.05% of essential oil was obtained. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography and Mass spectrometry. Fifteen compounds were identified (98.55%) of the total retrieved. The major component (54.00%) corresponds to the lipid γ-palmitolactone, followed by 1-epi-cubenol (9.56%), δ-cadinene (6.05%), t-cadinol (5.00%), and chamazulene (3.53%). This is the first study on the wood essential oil of Aniba cinnamomiflora. RESUMEN Aniba cinnamomiflora C. K. Allen es una especie arbórea de la familia Lauraceae que produce aceite esencial. Se presenta un estudio sobre el producto de la hidrodestilación de partículas de madera provenientes de ramas de Aniba cinnamomiflora. El 0,05% de aceite esencial fue obtenido. El aceite esencial fue analizado por cromatografia de gases y espectrometria de masas. Fueron identificados quince compuestos (98.55%) del total recuperado. El principal componente (54.00%) corresponde al lípido γ-palmitolactona, seguido por 1-epi-cubenol (9.56%), δ-cadineno (6.05%), t-cadinol (5.00%) y chamazuleno (3.53%) . Este es el primer reporte de estudio del aceite esencial de la madera de Aniba cinnamomiflora.

Introduction: the importance of the study lies in understanding the relevance of burnout as a detriment to the quality of life and performance of high performance athletes. Objective: Identify and describe the dimensions of resilience and optimism that could act as protective variables against the possibility of suffering burnout. Methodology: The study was conducted with a sample of 194 Uruguayan athletes who participated in the ODESUR 2022 games. Four instruments were used: The Resilience Scale (ER; Ruíz et al., 2012), the Life Orientation Scale-Revised (LOT-R; Scheier, et al., 1994), the Sports Optimism Questionnaire (COD; Batista, 2022) and the Burnout Inventory for Athletes (IBD-R; Garcés et al., 2012). Results: Athletes present a moderate level of resilience, a high optimism profile and a moderate level of pessimism. Regarding Burnout, 65.5% presented symptoms of Emotional Exhaustion, 67% had symptoms of Depersonalization and 62.9% had symptoms of Reduced Personal Accomplishment. The SEM model explained a very high percentage of the variance in emotional exhaustion scores (79.1%) with resilience being the predictor variable, mediated by the protective role of optimism. Discussion: The percentages found are shocking and are very similar to those found in Uruguayan athletes previously evaluated, as well as in other research with elite athletes. Conclusions: The findings allow us to visualize the fundamental role of Resilience and Optimism as protective factors that could reduce the risk of burnout in high performance athletes.

The introgression of genes from the wild species S. pimpinellifolium has the potential to improve tomato commercial varieties for numerous fruit quality traits. One of particular interest for fresh-market tomatoes is long shelf life (SL). Twenty-two near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed in three to four backcrosses using S. pimpinellifolium accession LA0722 as the donor parent, based on phenotypic selection for long SL and using a set of 28 SSRs for marker assisted selection. A total of 30 QTLs for fruit quality were found and 18 were subsequently validated in previous generations. A two year trial of the NILs homozygous for the LA0722 introgressions showed several novel QTLs. Fruit quality QTLs revealed an increased effect promoted by LA0722 alleles. A SL QTL was found on chromosome 9 and was consistent both years. A wild introgression on chromosome 3 showed a stable QTL for increased firmness and for yellow fruits. Therefore, the wild introgressions provide a source of variation with positive effects in fruit traits of commercial value. While obtaining new varieties, this strategy provided an effective method that integrates the QTL analysis and the prediction of positive alleles in wild germplasm.

Biodiversity informatics workbenches and aggregators that make their data externally accessible via application programming interfaces (APIs) facilitate the development of customized applications that fit the needs of a diverse range of communities. In the past, the technical skills required to host web-facing applications placed constraints on many researchers: they either needed to find technical help, or expand their own skills. These limits are now significantly reduced when free or low-cost web-site hosting is combined with small, well-documented applications that require minimal configuration to setup. We illustrate two applications that take advantage of this approach: an interactive key engine (presently named \"distinguish\") and TaxonPages, a taxon page service application. Both applications make use of TaxonWorks' API. We discuss the limits, e.g., the user must be online to access the data behind the application, and advantages of this approach, e.g., the application server can be served locally, on the users' own computer, and the underlying data are all accessible in more technical formats.

La familia Lauraceae comprende 50 géneros con aproximadamente 2750 especies. En el Neotrópico existen 27 géneros y al menos 1000 especies, la mayoría pertenecientes a la tribu Perseeae. Se realizó una revisión de la colección depositada en el Herbario Nacional de Venezuela (VEN) y se analizaron 2973 exsiccata que respaldan la presencia de 214 especies colectadas dentro del país. Entre las exsiccata indeterminadas, 348 han sido identificadas hasta género y 376 sólo hasta familia, las cuales representan 11,71% y 12,65% del total analizado, respectivamente. Los géneros más colectados y con mayor número de especies son Ocotea (89 especies y 916 exsiccata) y Nectandra (26 especies y 310 exsiccata). En VEN se encuentran representadas 32 de las 42 especies endémicas de Venezuela.

TaxonWorks is an open-source workbench for biodiversity researchers. With several years of development behind it, we highlight its present status, and discuss if and when it makes sense to release a version 1.0, i.e. software completed to specific stage. TaxonWorks' scope is broad; it seeks to touch nearly all areas that might be of interest to taxonomists, i.e. those who integrate everything that is known about a taxon into a single resource. Its role as a software platform is placed in a broader context, where many instances of TaxonWorks each can support multiple research projects. Instances may be supported by individuals or organizations. A suite of technical tools including containerization and unit tests facilitate collaboration at many different levels. TaxonWorks is a research tool, mechanisms for analyzing the results of data curation including its application programing interface are described. The long-term development of TaxonWorks is supported by an endowment to the Species File Group. Its source is available on Github.

Introducción: La importancia del estudio radica en comprender la relevancia del burnout como detrimento de la calidad de vida y el rendimiento de los deportistas de alto rendimiento. Objetivo: Identificar y describir las dimensiones de la resiliencia y el optimismo que podrían actuar como variables de protección frente a la posibilidad de padecer burnout. Metodología: El estudio se realizó con una muestra de 194 deportistas uruguayos que participaron en los juegos ODESUR 2022. Se utilizaron 4 instrumentos: La escala de Resiliencia (ER; Ruíz et al., 2012), la Escala de Orientación hacia la Vida Revisada (LOT-R; Scheier, et al., 1994), el Cuestionario de Optimismo Deportivo (COD; Batista, 2022) y el Inventario de Burnout para Deportistas (IBD-R; Garcés et al., 2012). Resultados: Los deportistas presentan un nivel moderado de resiliencia, un perfil de optimismo elevado y un nivel moderado de pesimismo. Respecto al Burnout, un 65.5% presenta sintomatología en Agotamiento Emocional, 67% sintomatología de Despersonalización y un 62,9% en Reducida Realización Personal. El modelo SEM explicó un porcentaje muy elevado de la variancia en las puntuaciones de agotamiento emocional (79.1%) siendo la resiliencia la variable predictora, mediado por el rol protector del optimismo. Discusión: Los porcentajes hallados estremecen y son muy similares a los encontrados en deportistas uruguayos evaluados anteriormente, así como en otras investigaciones con deportistas de elite. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos encontrados, permiten visualizar el rol fundamental de la Resiliencia y el Optimismo, como factores protectores, que podrían disminuir el riesgo de padecer burnout en deportistas de alto rendimiento.