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Reaching the van Hove singularity (VHS) in a material enables the emergence of exotic electronic and magnetic phases, such as superconductivity and the quantum anomalous Hall effect. This is demonstrated in cuprates, magic‐angle bilayer graphene, and more recently, monolayer graphene interfaced with alkali and rare earth elements. Here, the europium density at the graphene/rhenium interface is modulated to tune the electron doping level in monolayer graphene across the VHS point, forming either a dense or diluted europium phase. The dense phase enables flat bands at the Fermi level, while graphene remains decoupled from the Re(0001) substrate in both cases. The Dirac point is shifted over 1.5 eV below the Fermi level, and europium lifts the degeneracy of the Dirac cones: one branch hybridizes with Eu 4f states, the other retains Dirac‐like dispersion, as corroborated by density functional theory. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy reveals a mixed Eu(II)/Eu(III) valence state in the dense phase and the persistence of Eu magnetic response up to room temperature in both. The intercalated phases exhibit exceptional thermal stability, with the diluted phase stable up to 960 K. These results highlight the potential of rare‐earth‐doped graphene for engineering flat bands, tunable Dirac‐cone splitting, and robust interfacial magnetism. The modulation of europium density at the graphene/rhenium interface enables electron doping of monolayer graphene both beneath and beyond the van Hove singularity. The interfacial europium is ferromagnetic, with a transition from a mixed Eu(II)/Eu(III) valence in the dense phase to a pure Eu(II) state in the diluted phase. Strong Re‐Eu interaction ensures exceptional thermal stability and potential applications.

We investigate the in-plane magnetic anisotropy in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin films grown on SrTiO3 (001) substrate using angular dependent room temperature Vectorial Magneto-Optical Kerr Magnetometry. The experimental data reveals that the magnetic anisotropy symmetry landscape significantly changes depending upon the strain and thickness. At low film thickness (12 and 25 nm) the dominant uniaxial anisotropy is due to interface effects, step edges due to mis-cut angle of SrTiO3 substrate. At intermediate thickness, the magnetic anisotropy presents a competition between magnetocrystalline (biaxial) and substrate step induced (uniaxial) anisotropy. Depending upon their relative strengths, a profound biaxial or uniaxial or mixed anisotropy is favoured. Above the critical thickness, magnetocrystalline anisotropy dominates all other effects and shows a biaxial anisotropy.

This paper describes a procedure to estimate both the fraction of flooded area and the mean water level in vegetated river floodplains by using a synergy of active and passive microwave signatures. In particular, C band Envisat ASAR in Wide Swath mode and AMSR-E at X, Ku and Ka band, are used. The method, which is an extension of previously developed algorithms based on passive data, exploits also model simulations of vegetation emissivity. The procedure is applied to a long flood event which occurred in the Paraná River Delta from December 2009 to April 2010. Obtained results are consistent with in situ measurements of river water level.

Giant cell arteritis is a systemic vasculitis characterized by granulomatous inflammation of the aorta and its main vessels. Cardiovascular risk, both for arterial and venous thromboembolism, is increased in these patients, but the role of thromboprophylaxis is still debated. It should be suspected in elderly patients suffering from sudden onset severe headaches, jaw claudication, and visual disease. Early diagnosis is necessary because prognosis depends on the timeliness of treatment: this kind of arteritis can be complicated by vision loss and cerebrovascular strokes. Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of the pharmacological treatment of GCA. Aspirin seems to be effective in cardiovascular prevention, while the use of anticoagulant therapy is controversial. Association with other rheumatological disease, particularly with polymyalgia rheumatica is well known, while possible association with antiphospholipid syndrome is not established. Large future trials may provide information about the optimal therapy. Other approaches with new drugs, such as TNF-alpha blockades, Il-6 and IL-1 blockade agents, need to be tested in larger trials.

BackgroundTo determine whether granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) improves clinical outcomes after large ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when administered early in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsSTEM-AMI OUTCOME was designed as a prospective, multicentre, nationwide, randomised, open-label, phase III trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01969890) to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of early G-CSF administration in reducing 2-year cardiac mortality and morbidity in patients with STEMI with LV ejection fraction ≤45% after PCI. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death, recurrence of myocardial infarction and hospitalisation for heart failure. Due to low recruitment and event rates, the study was discontinued and did not achieve adequate statistical power to verify the hypothesis.ResultsPatients were randomly allocated to G-CSF (n=260) or standard of care (SOC; n=261). No difference was found in the composite primary outcome between study groups (HR 1.20; 95% CI 0.63 to 2.28). The 2-year mortality was 2.31% in the G-CSF and 2.68% in the control group (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.29 to 2.60). Adverse events did not differ between the G-CSF (n=65) and SOC groups (n=58; OR 1.17; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.75). In post hoc analyses on the intervention group, we observed a trend towards fewer composite primary outcomes in patients with low bone marrow (BM) cell mobilisation (n=108) versus those with high mobilisation (n=152, with peak leucocyte count >50×109/L; HR 2.86; 95% CI 0.96 to 8.56). Primary outcomes were lower in patients with severe LV systolic dysfunction at discharge treated with G-CSF than in controls (interaction β±SE, −0.08±0.04; p=0.034).ConclusionsAlthough inconclusive, this is the largest trial in the field of cell-based cardiac repair after STEMI providing evidence of the tolerability and long-term safety of G-CSF treatment. The results prompt further studies to understand which patient can benefit most from BM cell mobilisation.Trial registration number NCT01969890.

To determine whether the net release of β-endorphin during exercise, similar to that of norepinephrine, is related to functional disability in patients with congestive heart failure. Background: Plasma β-endorphin and norepinephrine levels are elevated at rest in patients with heart failure, reflecting a functional disability. The net release of β-endorphin during exercise in patients with heart failure is unknown. We measured plasma β-endorphin and norepinephrine levels (respectively: radioimmune and radioenzymatic assay) at rest and during graded exercise testing in 28 patients with congestive heart failure (Weber's class A, 10; B, 9; and C, 9) and in 9 normal subjects. At rest, plasma β-endorphin levels were higher in patients in classes B and C than in normal subjects (p<0.05 and <0.01, respectively). At peak exercise, patients in different functional classes and normal subjects reached similar β-endorphin levels. However, the net release of β-endorphin during exercise was lower in patients in classes B and C than in those in class A and normal subjects (p<0.01 for both). At rest, plasma norepinephrine levels were significantly higher in patients than in normal subjects (p<0.01). At peak exercise, norepinephrine levels were significantly lower in class C patients than in normal subjects (p<0.05), and tended to be lower in patients in classes A and B (p=NS). The net release of norepinephrine during exercise was lower in patients than in normal subjects (p<0.01). In patients, releases of both β-endorphin and norepinephrine during exercise were related to peak oxygen consumption and duration of exercise, but not to resting left ventricular ejection fraction. In patients with congestive heart failure, the net release of plasma p-endorphin during exercise is decreased, like norepinephrine, and reflects a functional disability.

We show a detailed magneto-optical Kerr study at room temperature of well characterized epitaxial La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) thin films grown onto (110) and (1 8) SrTiO3 substrates. The films present a well-defined uniaxial (two-fold) magnetic anisotropy ascribed to substrate-induced anisotropy. In particular, the in-plane uniaxial anisotropy in the(110)-oriented LSMO films originates from the existence of elongated in-plane [001]-oriented structures. Similar elongated structures, parallel to the [110] crystallographic direction, are found for LSMO films grown on (1 8) STO surfaces. In all films, such a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy is characterized by an easy axis lying along the elongated structures. Furthermore, the vectorial-resolved hysteresis loops as a function of the in-plane applied field direction are interpreted in terms of rotation and propagation and nucleation of magnetic domains processes. Our results demonstrate the tailoring of magnetic anisotropy by exploiting the substrate-induced anisotropy in epitaxial thin films.