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Obesity epidemic continues to spread and obesity rates are increasing in the world. In addition to public health effort to reduce obesity, there is a need to better understand the underlying biology to enable more effective treatment and the discovery of new pharmacological agents. Abhydrolase domain-containing protein 11 (ABHD11) is a serine hydrolase enzyme, localized in mitochondria, that can synthesize the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2AG) in vitro. In vivo preclinical studies demonstrated that knock-out ABHD11 mice have a similar 2AG level as WT mice and exhibit a lean metabolic phenotype. Such mice resist to weight gain in Diet Induced Obesity studies (DIO) and display normal biochemical plasma parameters. Metabolic and transcriptomic analyses on serum and tissues of ABHD11 KO mice from DIO studies show a modulation in bile salts associated with reduced fat intestinal absorption. These data suggest that modulating ABHD11 signaling pathway could be of therapeutic value for the treatment of metabolic disorders.

Optic atrophy type 1 (OPA1, MIM 165500) is a dominantly inherited optic neuropathy occurring in 1 in 50,000 individuals 1 , 2 , 3 that features progressive loss in visual acuity leading, in many cases, to legal blindness 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 . Phenotypic variations 5 and loss of retinal ganglion cells 9 , 10 , as found in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), have suggested possible mitochondrial impairment 11 , 12 . The OPA1 gene has been localized to 3q28–q29 (refs 13 – 19 ). We describe here a nuclear gene, OPA1 , that maps within the candidate region and encodes a dynamin-related protein localized to mitochondria. We found four different OPA1 mutations, including frameshift and missense mutations, to segregate with the disease, demonstrating a role for mitochondria in retinal ganglion cell pathophysiology.

Les Samu Centre 15 sont soumis à une politique de qualité qui répond à une approche transversale prenant en considération le patient, le professionnel et l’établissement de santé. La démarche qualité assure à chaque patient de pouvoir accéder à une plateforme de communication en tout point du territoire et d’obtenir pour toutes demandes de soins urgents ou non programmés une réponse juste et adaptée. Pour les professionnels des Samu Centres 15, la qualité en régulation appelle à améliorer puis sécuriser les pratiques dans un contexte de sollicitation constamment croissante depuis ces dernières années. Il s’agit également de garantir des conditions de travail optimales pour les intervenants et de contribuer ainsi à une réponse de qualité. Cette démarche s’intègre également dans la certification par la Haute Autorité de santé des établissements de santé et rentre dans le concept d’hôpitaux « magnétiques » pour allier résultats sanitaires performants et conditions de travail bienveillantes pour les soignants. La stratégie d’amélioration continue de la qualité doit s’appuyer sur des travaux de recherche appliquée à la régulation médicale qu’il convient de développer. S’inspirer des méthodes utilisées dans d’autres systèmes de traitement des appels d’urgence et intégrer de nouveaux outils au sein des Samu Centres 15 pourraient contribuer à atteindre cet objectif de qualité. The French emergency medical communication center, called “Samu Centre 15”, is subject to a quality policy that responds to a transversal approach, taking into account the patient, the professional, and the health establishment. The quality approach ensures that each patient has access to an emergency medical communication center anywhere on the territory and can obtain a fair and appropriate response to all requests for urgent or unscheduled care. For the professionals of the “Samu Centre 15”, quality in regulation allows them to improve and secure their practices in a context of constantly increasing demand in recent years. It is to ensure optimal working conditions for the operators and, therefore, to contribute to a quality response for the callers. This approach is also part of the certification of health establishments by the French National Authority for Health and integrates with the concept of “magnetic” hospitals, which combine high-performance health results with caring working conditions for caregivers. The continuous quality improvement strategy must be based on a study applied to emergency medical communication centers, which should be developed. Drawing on methods used in other emergency call processing systems and integrating new tools within “Samu Centre 15” could help achieve this quality objective.

In the fission yeast, four genes (rpaP1-1, rpaP1-3, rpaP2-2, and rpaP2-4) encoding two variants of the RpaP1 and RpaP2 ribosomal proteins (rp) have been characterized. We have identified cDNA for additional variants called RpaP1.5 and RpaP2.6. Sequence comparison suggests that RpaP1.5 diverged before RpaP1.1 and RpaP1.3 and that RpaP2.6 is closer to RpaP2.2 than to RpaP2.4. The corresponding genes. rpaP1-5 and rpaP2-6, are transcribed coordinately with other rp genes.

The intracellular organization of dinoflagellate protists, particularly the cytoskeleton, the cell cycle and mitosis (“dinomitosis”), presents peculiar features governed by specific proteins. We have previously biochemically isolated and characterized a protein of 72 kDa (P72) conserved from dinoflagellates to humans. The microsequencing of the NH2-terminal sequence and the reaction with a monoclonal antibody suggested that this protein belongs to the HSP70 chaperone family (Perret et al. 1991, 1995). Using a polyclonal antibody raised against P72, we have immunolocalized this protein using standard fluorescence microscopy on cryosections, confocal laser scanning microscopy on whole mounted cells and transmission electron microscopy after fast-freeze preparation with or without high pressure during freezing. We have localized P72 in specific dense aggregates at the cortical and centrosome level, in the cytoplasmic channels passing through the nucleus during mitosis and in the cleavage furrow. We completed this study by double labelling with anti-P72/anti-β-tubulin to analyse relationships between P72 and the cytoskeleton and to discuss the possible function of P72.

In Europe, the horse industry is seldom included in regional development policies. Stakeholders explain this dismiss by the lack of visibility about this sector. In fact, the main difficulties to gather available data can be related to the diversity of horse uses (races, sport and leisure, meatâ[euro]¦) and to the contribution of this industry to various sectors such as agriculture, sports and tourism. The aim of this paper is (1) to present data available in national bases in France, and (2) how these data precise the place of the horse industry in the different French regions. The national number of horses is estimated at 1 million animals with significant regional differences. For example, Basse-Normandie is the first French region with a total of 77,000 horses and gathered near 50% of the national livestock for races but only 6% of sport and leisure horses, while Auvergne is the first area for meat production thanks to 5,000 draught mares. The horse industry is well involved in the agricultural sector of these regions, as they both gathered 20% of farms with horses and 20% of horses registered by the agricultural census. Studies in French regions as Languedoc-Roussillon show that the horse industry is also developed in suburban districts where private owners and equestrian structures use small plots left available by the increase of urbanization. These regularly updated data are used in various French contexts as public investments and national CAP implementation. While national and regional policies depend more and more on European regulations, the European horse industry remains invisible despite its obvious role in rural development, probably because of a lack of a Community procedure for the organization of data.

Steve Walden is the father of the modern performance long board. The second renaissance of the long board is now well under way.

Perret discusses the process of getting his scuba diving certification. The kiddie pool at the Y is a little different than the ocean off the coast of Oahu Hawaii.