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"Perry, Michael J"
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The Morality of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights embodies a particular morality: the morality of human rights. In this article, I address several questions concerning that morality, beginning with this fundamental question: What reason do we have, if any, to accept, rather than reject, the morality of human rights? I also explicate two human rights-the human right to moral equality and the human right to moral freedom-and then pursue the implications of the two rights for two human rights controversies: the controversies concerning, respectively, abortion and same-sex marriage.
Journal Article
Human rights in the constitutional law of the United States
\"In the period since the end of the Second World War, there has emerged what has never before existed: a truly global morality--specifically, a global political morality. That morality, which I call \"the morality of human rights\", consists both of a fundamental imperative, which serves as the normative ground of human rights, and of various human rights--of various rights, that is, recognized by the great majority of the countries of the world as human rights\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Implementing the Bruker MALDI Biotyper in the Public Health Laboratory for C. botulinum Neurotoxin Detection
Currently, the gold standard method for active botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) detection is the mouse bioassay (MBA). A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-developed mass spectrometry (MS)-based assay that detects active BoNT was successfully validated and implemented in a public health laboratory in clinical matrices using the Bruker MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry) Biotyper. For the first time, a direct comparison with the MBA was performed to determine MS-based assay sensitivity using the Bruker MALDI Biotyper. Mice were injected with BoNT/A, /B, /E, and /F at concentrations surrounding the established MS assay limit of detection (LOD) and analyzed simultaneously. For BoNT/B, /E, and /F, MS assay sensitivity was equivalent or better than the MBA at 25, 0.3, and 8.8 mLD50, respectively. BoNT/A was detected by the MBA between 1.8 and 18 mLD50, somewhat more sensitive than the MS method of 18 mLD50. Studies were performed to compare assay performance in clinical specimens. For all tested specimens, the MS method rapidly detected BoNT activity and serotype in agreement with, or in the absence of, results from the MBA. We demonstrate that the MS assay can generate reliable, rapid results while eliminating the need for animal testing.
Journal Article
A global political morality : human rights, democracy, and constitutionalism
\"In A Global Political Morality, Michael John Perry addresses several related questions in human rights theory, political theory, and constitutional theory. He begins by explaining what the term 'human right' means and then elaborates and defends the morality of human rights, which is the first truly global morality in human history. Perry also pursues the implications of the morality of human rights for democratic governance and for the proper role of courts - especially the US Supreme Court - in protecting constitutionally entrenched human rights. The principal constitutional controversies discussed in the book are capital punishment, race-based affirmative action, same-sex marriage, physician-assisted suicide, and abortion\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE AS RELIGIOUS AND MORAL FREEDOM
In another essay being published contemporaneously with this one, I have explained that as the concept \"human right\" is understood both in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in all the various international human rights treaties that have followed in the Universal Declaration's wake, a right is a human right if the rationale for establishing and protecting the right–for example, as a treaty-based right–is, in part, that conduct that violates the right violates the imperative, articulated in Article I of the Universal Declaration, to \"act towards all human beings in a spirit of brotherhood.\" Each of the human rights articulated in the Universal Declaration and/or in one or more international human rights treaties–for example, the right, articulated in Article 5 of the Universal Declaration and elsewhere, not to be subjected to \"cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment\"–is a specification of what, in conjunction with other considerations, the imperative–which functions in the morality of human rights as the normative ground of human rights–is thought to forbid (or to require). A particular specification is controversial if and to the extent the supporting claim–a claim to the effect that the \"act towards all human being in a spirit of brotherhood\" imperative forbids (or requires) X–is controversial. My aim in this essay is to elaborate and defend a particular specification: the right, internationally recognized as a human right, to freedom of conscience–to freedom, that is, to live one's life in accord with the deliverances of one's conscience.
Journal Article
الدين في السياسة : جوانب دستورية وأخلاقية
يتناول المؤلف في كتابه علاقة السياسة بالدين في إطار الصياغات الدستورية والقانونية ضمن دساتير الديمقراطيات الغربية ذات النظم الليبرالية التعددية فعلى خلاف الدول التوتاليتارية التي اتجه عدد منها إلى الصدام مع الأديان وحظرها، سعت الديمقراطيات الليبرالية إلى احتواء الديانات في إطار صياغات قانونية ودستورية لا تتعارض مع النهج التعددي إذ إن جدل العلاقة ما بين الدين والسياسة، يعتبر أحد أهم المجالات التي ظهرت فيها الكثير من التنظيرات في مختلف المجتمعات العالمية التي تشهد حراكًا فكريا وسياسيا مستمرا بما فيها المجتمعات الغربية التي يفترض أنها حسمت أمرها باللجوء إلى خيار العلمانية الليبرالية.
Book
American Religious Freedom: Reflections on Koppelman and Smith
Among contemporary scholars of American religious freedom, Andrew Koppelman and Steven Smith are two of the most esteemed. They address, in their respective books, a broad range of important issues. Space limitations constrain me to be selective in this review essay; I comment here on what Koppelman and Smith say, and don't say, about two of the most fundamental issues regarding American religious freedom: the meaning of the nonestablishment norm and the constitutionality of granting conscience-protecting exemptions only to religious believers.
Journal Article
American Religious Freedom
Among contemporary scholars of American religious freedom, Andrew Koppelman and Steven Smith are two of the most esteemed. They address, in their respective books, a broad range of important issues. Space limitations constrain me to be selective in this review essay; I comment here on what Koppelman and Smith say, and don't say, about two of the most fundamental issues regarding American religious freedom: the meaning of the nonestablishment norm and the constitutionality of granting conscience-protecting exemptions only to religious believers.
Journal Article