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Resumen Caracterizamos expresiones discursivas de tres estudiantes de grado sexto sobre la frase se intersecan y el efecto que tienen en la construcción de significados colectivos y compartidos de intersección. Empleamos una estrategia cualitativa basada en prácticas usuales, para registrar información, fragmentarla sin perder el contexto donde se enmarca la interacción, y seleccionar expresiones para su análisis. Siguiendo técnicas propias de la etnometodología, el análisis se hizo en términos de: (i) inteligibilidad y autenticidad, (ii) rasgos del discurso propuestos por Sfard y (iii) nuestra conceptualización de voz colectiva y voz compartida. Encontramos un aula de geometría en la que las voces de estudiantes se construyen de forma colectiva y generan significado compartido sobre la intersección que se refleja en una transición discursiva puntual. El aporte de este documento reside en el uso de los rasgos discursivos considerados en el análisis para enfocar la mirada al discurso en el contenido matemático. Abstract We characterized both discursive expressions of three sixth grade students on the phrase intersect each other and the effect they have on the construction of collective and shared meanings of intersection. Recording data, extracting information without losing the context where the interaction is framed, and selecting expressions to analyze were all done by using a classroom-based qualitative strategy. The analysis, following techniques typical of ethnomethodology, was done in terms of: (i) intelligibility and authenticity, (ii) features of the discourse proposed by Sfard and (iii) our conceptualization of collective voice and shared voice. We found a geometry classroom in which student voices are collectively constructed and generate shared meaning about intersection, which is reflected in a punctual discursive transition. The contribution of this paper resides in the use of the discursive features regarded in the analysis to focus the gaze to the discourse on mathematical content.

Admissions to treatment for heroin abuse have increased in recent years among the adolescent and young adult population, yet few studies have described whether, and to what extent, young heroin users differ from their non heroin-using peers. This exploratory study presents quantitative and qualitative data obtained from lifetime heroin and non heroin-using adolescents and young adults in a long-term, step-down therapeutic community. Self-report data from the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) were obtained from 22 lifetime heroin and 33 non heroin users on admission to residential treatment and 12 months later. Ethnographic interviews (n = 27) were conducted with heroin users at all stages of treatment. Results indicate that lifetime heroin users had greater polysubstance use and lower self-efficacy scores (i.e., confidence to resist relapse) on admission to treatment than non heroin users, and though improved, heroin users' self-efficacy scores remained lower than those of non heroin users at the 12 month follow-up. Ethnographic data suggested that adolescents who had used heroin \"hit bottom\" before entering treatment and credited treatment with providing the opportunity to change their lives. The overall comparability of treatment outcomes between the heroin and non heroin using groups shows that adolescents and young adult heroin users can achieve similar outcomes in an age-appropriate therapeutic community treatment setting.

Recent discussion in the adolescent treatment community has centered on the therapeutic merits of continuum of care treatment for adolescent and young adult substance abusing populations. However, despite this discussion, few studies to date have actually looked at how adolescents and young adults view continuum of care treatment in practice. In this paper a continuum of care offered within a single treatment approach will be addressed from the perspectives of youths participating in treatment at a three year step-down therapeutic community program with four distinct levels of care: residential treatment, intensive day treatment, day treatment with work/school release, and ambulatory meetings. Adolescents and young adults attending this program must complete all four levels of care before they are eligible for program graduation. Data from 53 qualitative semistructured and open-ended interviews (conducted with 45 adolescents and young adults) indicate that treatment experiences were marked by significant program transition points, during which clients stepped down from one level of care to another. Adolescents and young adults reported experiencing distress at and during these transition points. However, they also indicated that overall emotional and psychological stress was minimized due to the following: (1) these transitions were experienced within a single program structure, (2) youths transitioned through a continuum of care with program peers and friends, and (3) the program staff was perceived by adolescents and young adults to be compassionate and encouraging.

Proving an existence theorem is less intuitive than proving other theorems. This article presents a semiotic analysis of significant fragments of classroom meaning-making which took place during the class-session in which the existence of the midpoint of a line-segment was proven. The purpose of the analysis is twofold. First follow the evolution of students' conceptualization when constructing a geometric object that has to satisfy two conditions to guarantee its existence within the Euclidean geometric system. An object must be created satisfying one condition that should lead to the fulfillment of the other. Since the construction is not intuitive it generates a dilemma as to which condition can be validly assigned initially. Usually, the students' spontaneous procedure is to force the conditions on a randomly chosen object. Thus, the second goal is to highlight the need for the teacher's mediation so the students understand the strategy to prove existence theorems. In the analysis, we use a model of conceptualization and interpretation based on the Peircean triadic SIGN.

El significado de un objeto geométrico se va consolidando en el uso que se hace de su definición y de los enunciados que establecen sus propiedades; también, en el uso que se hace del objeto mismo como herramienta. Así, entender un objeto geométrico involucra, entre otras cosas, hacer operativa su definición. Es decir, el estudiante debe poder llegar a usar de manera pertinente la definición, en calidad de garantía, en el marco de la producción de demostraciones. En este artículo se analizan aspectos de la construcción del significado de rayo asociados al uso de la definición como garantía. Este análisis tiene sus raíces en el signo triádico de Peirce y en la evolución de los interpretantes del profesor y de los estudiantes mientras se esfuerzan por hacer operativa tal definición. Además, ilustra la articulación de las nociones «construcción de significado» y «mediación semiótica del profesor».

During the pandemic of COVID-19, the Brazilian Health Ministry declared that 2-week postnatal women are a high-risk population that demands special assistance. Considering that women at the postnatal period are more susceptible to anxiety and stress symptoms, our objective is to present a digital psychoeducational booklet analyzing its validity to help this target population to cope with the stress from the new coronavirus crisis. Based on the dispositional coping theory and positive psychology, this proposal was developed as a digital booklet to promote the maternal mental health and well-being based on informational and psychoeducational approaches. Information about the COVID-19, as well as coping strategies and positive practices, were presented to provide support for the coping with pandemic stressors. To validate the booklet, 12 women answered a Google Form via WhatsApp that included a free and informed consent form, a general data protocol, and a questionnaire with validity criteria (clarity of written, practical pertinence, theoretical relevance, and presentation). Content validity coefficients (CVC) were calculated for all criteria. The participants were on average 30 years old (A.V.=23–43), and half of them had a high school degree; 50% of them self-declared white and 25% black, and 2 of them declared themselves brown and 1 yellow. All CVC were ≥ 0.96. These findings confirmed that our booklet can be considered a viable, useful, and efficient tool to help puerperium women during the pandemic, providing support for a resilient coping face to this new and critical moment.

The aim of this thesis is to understand how fashion supply chain characteristics affect the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at factory level for garment manufacturers in lower labour-cost countries that supply Western high street fashion retailers. A dynamic, challenging global industry, the high street fashion industry is one of few sectors under simultaneous pressure for short lead times and low costs. Additionally, increasing global dispersion of garment manufacturing to lower labour-cost countries has led to concerns about worker exploitation and firms are now under pressure to deliver societal goals as well as shareholder profits. CSR represents the business response to minimising the negative societal impact of global business operations; however, the very nature of the fashion supply chain with the pressure on cost and lead time compromises CSR implementation at factory level. A qualitative case study approach was selected in order to gain greater depth of understanding of CSR in fashion supply chains; specifically, to explore from a managerial perspective the impact of negative and positive forces within the fashion supply chain on CSR implementation, with a view to understanding how CSR implementation can be reconciled with the competitive challenges of the fashion sector. Fieldwork was conducted in Sri Lanka, a key global garment manufacturing location, within 7 case study companies which were selected to represent the range of business sizes and models in the export garment manufacturing sector. Data collection methods included on-site face-to-face semi-structured interviews with key informants and non-participant observation within factory environments. Analysis of interview transcripts was conducted manually, using Eisenhardt’s (1989) method of within-case and cross-case analysis, and triangulated with observational data and documentary evidence. The theoretical contribution is the synthesis and categorisation of factors within the context of fashion supply chains that impact both negatively and positively on CSR implementation at factory level in a lower labour-cost country, followed by an understanding of the interplay of global fashion supply chain characteristics and their impact upon CSR implementation at factory level. It was concluded that the inherent conflict between CSR principles and the characteristics of fashion supply chains may be reconciled by moving away from traditional adversarial supply chain relationships and adopting the Supply Chain Management (SCM) philosophy of long-term orientation and shared goals between trading partners. Furthermore, CSR implementation was influenced by product nature, the level of service provided by the supplier and the long-term partnership approach to buyer-supplier relationship management in the Sri Lankan context. The core basic nature of the product meant that orders were more likely to be long-running, so manufacturers were sheltered from the unpredictability in orders and frequent style changes characteristic of fast fashion. This level of stability enabled suppliers to invest in CSR implementation. Full package suppliers fostered strong relationships with retailers over considerable periods of time (10-20 years) and collaborated on initiatives to increase efficiency and agility, such as cost reduction and vertical integration of pre-production activities. However, contract manufacturers without value-added services were unable to develop strong collaborative relationships with buyers which would enable greater investment in CSR implementation. Although Sri Lanka is classed as a global leader in ethical garment manufacture, much is therefore dependent on the size and provision of services offered by the supplier, which dictates the nature of the buyer-supplier relationship: vertically integrated full package suppliers had closer links with buyers than contract manufacturers and hence greater ability to drive CSR implementation through the business.

Reportamos resultados de una investigación realizada en torno a la interpretación de la condicional y al uso que de ella hace un grupo de estudiantes para profesor de matemáticas en el marco de un curso de geometría plana. Analizamos los resultados de dos cuestionarios aplicados, uno al inicio del curso y otro al final, con el objetivo de comparar su interpretación y uso de la condicional. Los cambios estarían generados por la implementación, a lo largo del semestre, de algunas estrategias didácticas tendientes a favorecer el acercamiento a los correspondientes desde la matemática. We report research findings with respect to the interpretation conditional statements and their use by a group of pre-service mathematics teachers of a Euclidean geometry course. We analyze the results of two questionnaires applied to the students, one at the beginning of the course and the other at the end, to compare their interpretation and use of conditionals. The changes would be generated by the implementation of some didactic strategies throughout the semester, to favor the approach to those that correspond to the mathematics construal.