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"Perullo, Alex"
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Live from Dar es Salaam
When socialism collapsed in Tanzania, the government-controlled music industry gave way to a vibrant independent music scene. Alex Perullo explores the world of the bands, music distributors, managers, and clubs that attest to the lively and creative music industry in Dar es Salaam. Perullo examines the formation of the city's music economy, considering the means of musical production, distribution, protection, broadcasting, and performance. He exposes both legal and illegal strategies for creating business opportunities employed by entrepreneurs who battle government restrictions and give flight to their musical aspirations. This is a singular look at the complex music landscape in one of Africa's most dynamic cities.
eBook
Hooligans and Heroes: Youth Identity and Hip-Hop in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
During the 1990s, the rise in popularity of hip-hop culture in Tanzania brought increased public scrutiny of urban youth due, in part, to preconceived notions of youth culture and rap music. In newspaper articles and public discourses, youth were quickly targeted and labeled hooligans (wahuni), and often associated with words such as violent, hostile, and disruptive. Youth used music to combat these stereotypes and project images of themselves as creative and empowered individuals in society. In this article, I examine the ways that youth use rap music to confront stereotypes of young people, and reach the broader listening public through politically and socially relevant lyrics. Using transcriptions of lyrics and interviews with artists, I argue that youth have turned a foreign musical form into a critical medium of social empowerment whereby they are able to create a sense of community among other urban youth, voice their ideas and opinions to a broad listening public, and alter conceptions of youth as hooligans.
Journal Article
Hooligans and Heroes: Youth Identity and Hip-Hop in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
During the 1990s, the rise in popularity of hip-hop culture in Tanzania brought increased public scrutiny of urban youth due, in part, to preconceived notions of youth culture and rap music. In newspaper articles and public discourses, youth were quickly targeted and labeled hooligans (wahuni), and often associated with words such as violent, hostile, and disruptive. Youth used music to combat these stereotypes and project images of themselves as creative and empowered individuals in society. In this article, I examine the ways that youth use rap music to confront stereotypes of young people, and reach the broader listening public through politically and socially relevant lyrics. Using transcriptions of lyrics and interviews with artists, I argue that youth have turned a foreign musical form into a critical medium of social empowerment whereby they are able to create a sense of community among other urban youth, voice their ideas and opinions to a broad listening public, and alter conceptions of youth as hooligans. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
\Youth of Many Days:\ Authority, Health, and Economic Insecurity among Elder Musicians in Tanzania
In many popular conceptions of aging in Africa, one is thought to attain more power, knowledge, and authority as one ages. This cultural belief, however, does not bear out in practice, particularly in urban areas where there is an increasing focus on possessiveness, self-responsibility, and youth-oriented cultural practices. In this article, I examine two issues that significantly impact the authority and status of elders in contemporary Tanzania: health and financial insecurity. In interviews and surveys with elder musicians in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, all of whom were considered to be highly regarded performers between 1951 and 1985, they mention a lack of financial security, problems with their physical health, and the loss of respect for their vision of popular music. Many lament the lack of access to adequate medical care, prescription drugs, and geriatric doctors who are knowledgeable about the types of illnesses that occur among the elderly. The lack of financial resources, such as pensions, further marginalize older adults who are often unable to attain basic necessities needed to live in an expensive and highly competitive East African city. While most elder musicians remain knowledge holders among other performers, inadequate healthcare and economic insecurity obstructs their ability to influence cultural, economic, and political processes in Tanzania.
Journal Article
Rumba in the City of Peace: Migration and the Cultural Commodity of Congolese Music in Dar es Salaam, 1968-1985
The period from 1968 to 1985 is often regarded as one of the classic periods of Tanzanian popular music. A significant reason for the success of popular music in Tanzania during this time was the migration of over two hundred Congolese artists to Dar es Salaam. This migration, one of the largest artist-centered movements to take place on the African continent, brought a heightened sense of professionalism and credibility to Tanzania's music scene--specifically rumba. Here, Perullo elaborates the reason on why so many Congolese musicians decide to move to Tanzania, though Congolese music is popular in eastern and central Africa.
Journal Article
RIGHTS
WHILE THE CONCEPT OF RIGHTS HAS A LONG HISTORY IN LEGAL AND cultural thought, it has increasingly become a focus of contemporary global processes and movements. In East Africa (Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda), community organizations, religious institutions, and individuals regularly debate the tensions of justice and injustice occurring in society. There are frequent workshops, conferences, public speeches, and parliamentary sessions about the scope of rights in contemporary societies. Radio shows, musical events, and newspaper articles consistently feature explanations of and clarifications about rights-based issues. Rarely does a week pass without a public event organized by a nonprofit organization to educate
Book Chapter
Imitation and Innovation in the Music, Dress, and Camps of Tanzanian Youth
The imitation of foreign music has been central to the formation of several Tanzanian popular music genres. In the late 1800s, taarab, a genre that imitated Egyptian song, appeared as royal court music in Zanzibar. In the 1920s,dansi, a form of upbeat dance music that remains popular in Tanzania, originated as a form of ballroom dance music for expatriate Europeans living in Tanganyika. And kwaya, a mixture of European Christian choral music with local rhythms and melodies, started as a form of hymn singing at missionary facilities throughout the country. A general pattern for these genres was to imitate
Book Chapter