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result(s) for
"Peter, Robin"
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Sir Apropos of Nothing : gypsies, vamps and thieves
Sir Apropos of Nothing, a cynical knight who thinks far less of the art of chivalry than the art of making a buck.
Book
Clinical and radiographic predictors of acute compartment syndrome in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures: a retrospective cohort study
Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between epidemiological, clinical and radiographic factors of patients with tibial shaft fractures and the occurrence of acute compartment syndrome.
Methods
270 consecutive adult patients sustaining 273 tibial shaft fractures between January 2005 and December 2009 were included in this retrospective cohort study. The outcome measure was acute compartment syndrome. Patient-related (age, sex), fracture-related (high- vs. low-energy injury, isolated trauma vs. polytrauma, closed vs. open fracture) and radiological parameters (AO/OTA classification, presence or absence of a noncontiguous tibial plateau or pilon fracture, distance from the centre of the tibial fracture to the talar dome, distance between tibial and fibular fracture if associated, and angulation, translation and over-riding of main tibial fragments) were evaluated regarding their potential association with acute compartment syndrome. Univariate analysis was performed and each covariate was adjusted for age and sex. Finally, a multivariable logistic regression model was built, and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were obtained. Statistical significance was defined as
p
< 0.05.
Results
Acute compartment syndrome developed in 31 (11.4%) cases. In the multivariable regression model, four covariates remained statistically significantly associated with acute compartment syndrome: polytrauma, closed fracture, associated tibial plateau or pilon fracture and distance from the centre of the tibial fracture to the talar dome ≥15 cm.
Conclusions
One radiological parameter related to the occurrence of acute compartment syndrome has been highlighted in this study, namely a longer distance from the centre of the tibial fracture to the talar dome, meaning a more proximal fracture. This observation may be useful when clinical findings are difficult to assess (doubtful clinical signs, obtunded, sedated or intubated patients). However, larger studies are mandatory to confirm and refine the prediction of acute compartment syndrome occurrence. Radiographic signs of significant displacement were not found to be correlated to acute compartment syndrome development. Finally, the higher rate of acute compartment syndrome occurring in tibial shaft fractures associated to other musculoskeletal, thoraco-abdominal or cranio-cerebral injuries must raise the level of suspicion of any surgeon managing multiply injured patients.
Journal Article
Semi-automatic geometrical reconstruction and analysis of filopodia dynamics in 4D two-photon microscopy images
Background
Filopodia are thin and dynamic membrane protrusions that play a crucial role in cell migration, axon guidance, and other processes where cells explore and interact with their surroundings. Historically, filopodial dynamics have been studied in great detail in 2D in cultured cells, and more recently in 3D culture as well as living brains. However, there is a lack of efficient tools to trace and track filopodia in 4D images of complex brain cells.
Results
To address this issue, we have developed a semi-automatic workflow for tracing filopodia in 3D images and tracking the traced filopodia over time. The workflow was developed based on high-resolution data of photoreceptor axon terminals in the in vivo context of normal
Drosophila
brain development, but devised to be applicable to filopodia in any system, including at different temporal and spatial scales. In contrast to the pre-existing methods, our workflow relies solely on the original intensity images without the requirement for segmentation or complex preprocessing. The workflow was realized in C++ within the
Amira
software system and consists of two main parts, dataset pre-processing, and geometrical filopodia reconstruction, where each of the two parts comprises multiple steps. In this paper, we provide an extensive workflow description and demonstrate its versatility for two different axo-dendritic morphologies, R7 and Dm8 cells. Finally, we provide an analysis of the time requirements for user input and data processing.
Conclusion
To facilitate simple application within
Amira
or other frameworks, we share the source code, which is available at
https://github.com/zibamira/filopodia-tool
.
Journal Article
The battle of Jericho Hill
Enter once more the world of Roland Deschain--and the world of the Dark Tower. The evil deceptions woven by the merciless, mesmerizing power of the mystical seeing sphere known as \"Maerlyn's Grapefruit\" warped Roland Deschain of Gilead's sense of reality, causing him to unintentionally commit a shocking and unforgivable crime--one which may earn him a swift journey to the gallows. But what has happened to Roland is only a taste of the bitter fate of all of Mid-World's noblest defenders, as the violent insanity and destructive scheming of the monstrous \"Good Man\" John Farson and the inhuman Marten Broadcloak finally culminate in an all-out assault on the city of Gilead itself.
Book
Autophagy-dependent filopodial kinetics restrict synaptic partner choice during Drosophila brain wiring
Brain wiring is remarkably precise, yet most neurons readily form synapses with incorrect partners when given the opportunity. Dynamic axon-dendritic positioning can restrict synaptogenic encounters, but the spatiotemporal interaction kinetics and their regulation remain essentially unknown inside developing brains. Here we show that the kinetics of axonal filopodia restrict synapse formation and partner choice for neurons that are not otherwise prevented from making incorrect synapses. Using 4D imaging in developing
Drosophila
brains, we show that filopodial kinetics are regulated by autophagy, a prevalent degradation mechanism whose role in brain development remains poorly understood. With surprising specificity, autophagosomes form in synaptogenic filopodia, followed by filopodial collapse. Altered autophagic degradation of synaptic building material quantitatively regulates synapse formation as shown by computational modeling and genetic experiments. Increased filopodial stability enables incorrect synaptic partnerships. Hence, filopodial autophagy restricts inappropriate partner choice through a process of kinetic exclusion that critically contributes to wiring specificity.
The molecular mechanisms that restrict synapse formation with incorrect partners remain unclear. Here, authors use 4D imaging in developing Drosophila brains to show that filopodial kinetics are regulated by autophagy and this restricts inappropriate partner choice through a process of kinetic exclusion
Journal Article
The long road home
After seeing the death of his lover Susan Delgado, Gunslinger Roland Deschain and his ka-tet Cuthbert and Alain are forced to flee into the desert with a deadly posse--the Big Coffin Hunters--in hot pursuit.
Book
Small-scale (sub-organ and cellular level) alpha-particle dosimetry methods using an iQID digital autoradiography imaging system
Targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy with alpha-particle emitters (αRPT) is advantageous in cancer treatment because the short range and high local energy deposition of alpha particles enable precise radiation delivery and efficient tumor cell killing. However, these properties create sub-organ dose deposition effects that are not easily characterized by direct gamma-ray imaging (PET or SPECT). We present a computational procedure to determine the spatial distribution of absorbed dose from alpha-emitting radionuclides in tissues using digital autoradiography activity images from an ionizing-radiation quantum imaging detector (iQID). Data from
211
At-radioimmunotherapy studies for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in a canine model were used to develop these methods. Nine healthy canines were treated with 16.9–30.9 MBq
211
At/mg monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Lymph node biopsies from early (2–5 h) and late (19–20 h) time points (16 total) were obtained, with 10–20 consecutive 12-µm cryosections extracted from each and imaged with an iQID device. iQID spatial activity images were registered within a 3D volume for dose-point-kernel convolution, producing dose-rate maps. The accumulated absorbed doses for high- and low-rate regions were 9 ± 4 Gy and 1.2 ± 0.8 Gy from separate dose-rate curves, respectively. We further assess uptake uniformity, co-registration with histological pathology, and requisite slice numbers to improve microscale characterization of absorbed dose inhomogeneities in αRPT.
Journal Article
The Dark Tower. The gunslinger. The battle of Tull
In a saloon in the town of Tull, the last gunslinger is approached by the bizarre figure that has a message for him. The essage in terrifying. What's worse, it is delivered by a dead man named Nort whose corpse was animated to serve this very purpose. And that is only the beginning of the horrors awaiting the gunslinger in the strange place deep within Mid-World.
Book
Low-Energy Femoral Fractures Associated with the Long-Term Use of Bisphosphonates
Background:
Bisphosphonates are effective and well tolerated anti-resorptive drugs used for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, some concerns about their potential long-term negative effects are emerging.
Objective:
We report a series of patients with a history of bisphosphonate treatment admitted to our institution with a low-energy subtrochanteric fracture.
Patients and methods:
Eight patients fulfilling these two criteria within the last 2 years were included in our retrospective analysis. All cases were reported to the Swiss National Pharmacovigilance Centre.
Results:
All patients presented with a typical radiological pattern consisting of a cortical thickening at the lateral femoral subtrochanteric cortex with a horizontal fracture line originating precisely at this level. Four patients eventually developed a stress fracture or complete fracture of the contralateral femur. Two patients demonstrated delayed healing of their fracture. Five patients had been on alendronate therapy for a period ranging from 16 months to 8 years, two had been on ibandronate for 4 months and 1 year, respectively, after changing from alendronate, and one patient had been on pamidronate until 1 year before the fracture occurred. Seven patients were also receiving long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment which could have contributed to the increased risk of fracture. Four patients were receiving both PPI and long-term corticosteroid treatment. The hypothesis of a negative pharmacodynamic interaction between bisphosphonates, PPIs and corticosteroids which could lead to a decrease in bone strength after long-term use needs further investigation.
Conclusion:
Prescribers should be aware of the possibility of these rare adverse reactions and the prolonged use of bisphosphonates should be reconsidered until long-term robust safety data are available.
Journal Article