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Evidence-based horsemanship
Most horsemen agree that timing, feel, and balance are the holy trinity of horsemanship. The balance is brilliant: scientific facts and the empirical evidence to support those facts assembled by two highly respected professionals in their respective disciplines.
BOOK
Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in European Wildlife
Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known colonizer and cause of infection among animals and it has been described from numerous domestic and wild animal species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus in a convenience sample of European wildlife and to review what previously has been observed in the subject field. 124 S. aureus isolates were collected from wildlife in Germany, Austria and Sweden; they were characterized by DNA microarray hybridization and, for isolates with novel hybridization patterns, by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The isolates were assigned to 29 clonal complexes and singleton sequence types (CC1, CC5, CC6, CC7, CC8, CC9, CC12, CC15, CC22, CC25, CC30, CC49, CC59, CC88, CC97, CC130, CC133, CC398, ST425, CC599, CC692, CC707, ST890, CC1956, ST2425, CC2671, ST2691, CC2767 and ST2963), some of which (ST2425, ST2691, ST2963) were not described previously. Resistance rates in wildlife strains were rather low and mecA-MRSA isolates were rare (n = 6). mecC-MRSA (n = 8) were identified from a fox, a fallow deer, hares and hedgehogs. The common cattle-associated lineages CC479 and CC705 were not detected in wildlife in the present study while, in contrast, a third common cattle lineage, CC97, was found to be common among cervids. No Staphylococcus argenteus or Staphylococcus schweitzeri-like isolates were found. Systematic studies are required to monitor the possible transmission of human- and livestock-associated S. aureus/MRSA to wildlife and vice versa as well as the possible transmission, by unprotected contact to animals. The prevalence of S. aureus/MRSA in wildlife as well as its population structures in different wildlife host species warrants further investigation.
Journal Article
Tradition and public administration
\"Contemporary administrative reforms push administrative systems to homogenize. This book documents, however, the persistence of administrative traditions in a number of countries that tend to maintain existing administrative patterns and reduce the impact of pressures for reform\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Pathology in Captive Wild Felids at German Zoological Gardens
This retrospective study provides an overview on spontaneous diseases occurring in 38 captive wild felids submitted for necropsy by German zoological gardens between 2004 and 2013. Species included 18 tigers, 8 leopards, 7 lions, 3 cheetahs and 2 cougars with an age ranging from 0.5 to 22 years. Renal lesions, predominantly tubular alterations (intra-tubular concrements, tubular degeneration, necrosis, intra-tubular cellular debris, proteinaceous casts, dilated tubuli) followed by interstitial (lympho-plasmacytic inflammation, fibrosis, metastatic-suppurative inflammation, eosinophilic inflammation) and glomerular lesions (glomerulonephritis, glomerulosclerosis, amyloidosis) were detected in 33 out of 38 animals (87%). Tumors were found in 19 of 38 felids (50%) with 12 animals showing more than one neoplasm. The tumor prevalence increased with age. Neoplasms originated from endocrine (11), genital (8), lympho-hematopoietic (5) and alimentary organs (4) as well as the mesothelium (3). Most common neoplasms comprised uterine/ovarian leiomyomas (5/2), thyroid adenomas/adenocarcinoma (5/1), pleural mesotheliomas (3), hemangiosarcomas (2) and glossal papillomas (2). Inflammatory changes were frequently encountered in the intestine and the lung. Two young animals displayed metastatic mineralization suggestive of a vitamin D- or calcium intoxication. One tiger exhibited degenerative white matter changes consistent with an entity termed large felid leukoencephalomyelopathy. Various hyperplastic, degenerative and inflammatory changes with minor clinical significance were found in several organs. Summarized, renal lesions followed by neoplastic changes as well as inflammatory changes in lung and gastrointestinal tract represent the most frequent findings in captive wild felids living in German zoological gardens.
Journal Article
Camels in the Biblical world
\"A reappraisal of the early cultural history of the Bactrian camel and the dromedary based on archaeology, iconography, inscriptions, and other text sources. Critically evaluates the various camel references in the Hebrew Bible and in the Gospels\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Neuropathologic and molecular aspects of a canine distemper epizootic in red foxes in Germany
In the last fifteen years, an epidemic of canine distemper virus (CDV) with marked neurotropism has occurred in Europe after a longer period of endemic transmission. Many wildlife species have been infected, with red foxes (
Vulpes vulpes
) being particularly affected. Given that this species is assumed to mediate cross-species CDV infections to domestic and wild animals, tissue samples from foxes with confirmed CDV infection in North-Western Germany were investigated to better understand the neurotropic aspects of the disease. This analysis included histopathology, virus distribution and cell tropism, phenotyping of inflammatory responses and determination of the genotype of the viruses based on the phylogeny of the hemagglutinin (H) gene. The predominant lesion type is gliosis in both gray and white matter areas associated with an accumulation of Iba1
+
macrophages/microglia and upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules in the brain, while sequestration of CD3
+
T and Pax5
+
B cell in CDV-infected foxes is limited. Demyelination is found in few foxes, characterized by reduced myelin staining with loss of CNPase
+
oligodendrocytes in the cerebellar white matter and brainstem. In addition, axonal damage, characterized by β-amyloid precursor protein expression, is found mainly in these brain regions. In situ hybridization reveals a primary infection of the cerebral and cerebellar gray matter and brain stem. Iba1
+
cells and NeuN
+
neurons represent the main CDV targets. Sequencing of the CDV H open reading frame from fox tissues reveals that the virus strains belongs to three different sub-lineages of the Europe-1/South America-1 genotype, suggesting independent transmission lines.
Journal Article
First whole-genome sequence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum isolated from a diseased Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca)
Background
Among the non-tuberculous mycobacteria,
Mycobacterium (M.) avium
are important pathogens for humans and/or animals. Currently, there are four
M. avium
subspecies: subsp.
hominissuis (Mah)
, subsp.
paratuberculosis (Map)
, subsp.
avium (Maa)
, and subsp.
silvaticum (Mas)
. While sufficient data is available for the first three mentioned, only few reports exist on the isolation, epidemiology and even less on the genetic equipment of
Mas
.
Results
Here,
Mas
was isolated from an Egyptian goose that died of avian tuberculosis. Subspecies identification was based on the presence of IS
901
and IS
1245
as well as Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Number Tandem Repeat analysis demonstrating
Mas
specific profile INMV99 profile.
During cultural isolation,
Mas
showed preference for media with mycobactin supplementation but was not limited to mycobactin-containing media.
A closed genome sequence was assembled using short- and long-read sequencing technology. The genome sequence consisted of one circular chromosome of 4.84 Mb (GC content 69.3%) and no plasmid. It was highly similar to the only other available
Mas
sequence (ANI 99.98%, GGDC 99.7%) and eight
Maa
sequences (ANI ≥99.88%, GGDC ≥98.9%), although all
Maa
genomes were larger (approx. 5 Mb).
In silico
prediction of the metabolic pathways and gene content found that all
Maa
but no
Mas
should be able to synthetize ergothioneine and the carotenoid neurosporene. The analysis of the mycobactin cluster
mbt
-1 made it obvious that in
Mas
two of the eleven
mbt
genes (
mbtB
and
mbtE
) were probably dysfunctional due frameshift-based disruptions.
Conclusions
The first complete, high quality, closed genome sequence of a
Mas
isolate closes a knowledge gap. Even if the collection of further genome sequences is considered necessary, the now existing data set already enables a deeper analysis of
M. avium
. The found differences in the
Mas
gene content compared to the closest relative
Maa
seem to be stable and independent of spatial (France, UK, Germany) and temporal (>40 years) differences on their isolation. These data thus call into question the demand for merging the two subspecies
Maa
and
Mas
into one, but further genome sequences from other
Mas
strains are needed to answer this question conclusively.
Journal Article
Successful Drug-Mediated Host Clearance of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans
Skin fungi are among the most dangerous drivers of global amphibian declines, and few mitigation strategies are known. For Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Chytridiomycota), available treatments rely on temperature, partially combined with antifungal drugs. We report the clearance of B. salamandrivorans in 2 urodelan species using a solely drug-based approach.
Journal Article
Recombinant Myxoma Virus in European Brown Hares, 2023–2024
Recombinant myxoma virus has emerged in European brown hares (Lepus europaeus), causing increased deaths associated with swollen eyelids, head edema, and dermatitis at face, legs, and perineum. Introduction may date back as far as September 2020. As of August 2024, the disease is spreading radially from the Germany-Netherlands border area.
Journal Article
The association of perceived leadership style and subjective well-being of employees in a tertiary hospital in Germany
Professionals in the healthcare sector are a particularly vulnerable group for occupational strain due to high work-related psychological stress. For the implementation of targeted stress-prevention interventions as an important part of a workplace health management programme for all occupational groups and hierarchy levels, information about the current state of their mental health is mandatory. Hence, this study investigated the association of general well-being and different leadership styles among employees in a German tertiary hospital.
Via an online survey, 10,101 employees were contacted. The final sample consisted of 1137 employees. Of these, 27.7% described themselves as leaders and 72.3% as followers. Most participants were female (74.8%), more than half were under 41 years old. Besides control variables, general well-being (WHO-5) and leadership style (transactional and transformational, laissez-faire and destructive leadership) were assessed.
Leaders reported higher well-being scores than followers. Physicians without leadership responsibilities had the lowest scores for well-being. Practitioners of both transformational and transactional leadership were associated with higher well-being scores, while those practicing laissez-faire and destructive leadership had lower scores for almost every professional group.
Results highlight the necessity for future multimodal health-preventive leadership interventions feature behavioural and organizational intervention modules specifically tailored to hospital professionals at different hierarchical and functional levels to foster the mental health of employees.
Journal Article