Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
4
result(s) for
"Petersson, Dag"
Sort by:
Bone-targeted radium-223 in symptomatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase II study
The alpha-emitter radium-223 (
223Ra) is a bone-seeking radionuclide studied as a new treatment for patients with bone metastases from hormone-refractory prostate cancer. We aimed to study mature outcomes from a randomised, multicentre, phase II study of
223Ra.
Patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and bone pain needing external-beam radiotherapy were assigned to four intravenous injections of
223Ra (50 kBq/kg, 33 patients) or placebo (31 patients), given every 4 weeks. Primary endpoints were change in bone-alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration and time to skeletal-related events (SREs). Secondary endpoints included toxic effects, time to prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) progression, and overall survival. All tests were done at a 5% significance level, based on intention to treat.
Median relative change in bone-ALP during treatment was −65·6% (95% CI −69·5 to −57·7) and 9·3% (3·8–60·9) in the
223Ra group and placebo groups, respectively (p<0·0001, Wilcoxon ranked-sums test). Hazard ratio for time to first SRE, adjusted for baseline covariates, was 1·75 (0·96–3·19, p=0·065, Cox regression). Haematological toxic effects did not differ significantly between two groups. No patient discontinued
223Ra because of treatment toxicity. Median time to PSA progression was 26 weeks (16–39) versus 8 weeks (4–12; p=0·048) for
223Ra versus placebo, respectively. Median overall survival was 65·3 weeks (48·7–∞) for
223Ra and 46·4 weeks (32·1–77·4) for placebo (p=0·066, log rank). The hazard ratio for overall survival, adjusted for baseline covariates was 2·12 (1·13–3·98, p=0·020, Cox regression).
223Ra was well tolerated with minimum myelotoxicity, and had a significant effect on bone-ALP concentrations. Larger clinical trials are warranted to study
223Ra on the prevention of SREs and on overall survival in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Bone-targeting properties of
223Ra could also potentially be used for treating skeletal metastasis from other primary cancers.
Journal Article
The DISABKIDS generic and diabetes‐specific modules are valid but not directly comparable between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway
Background/Objectives
Government guidance promote benchmarking comparing quality of care including both clinical values and patient reported outcome measures in young persons with type 1 diabetes. The aim was to test if the Nordic DISABKIDS health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) modules were construct valid and measurement comparable within the three Nordic countries.
Methods
Data from three DISABKIDS validation studies in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway were compared using Rasch and the graphical log‐linear Rasch modeling. Monte Carlo methods were used to estimate reliability coefficient and target was defined as the point with the lowest SE of the mean. Self‐report data were available from 99 Danish (8‐18 years), 103 Norwegian (7‐19 years), and 131 Swedish (8‐18 years) young people.
Results
For the DISABKIDS higher scores on most subscales were noted in the Norwegian population. The Swedish sample had a significantly higher score on the “Diabetes treatment” subscale and scores closer to optimal target than the other countries. For each country, construct validity and sensitivity were acceptable when accounting for differential item function (DIF) and local dependency (LD). Less LD and DIF were found if only Denmark and Norway were included. The combined model was reliable; however, some differences were noted in the scale translations relating to the stem and response alternatives, which could explain the discrepancies.
Conclusion
The Nordic versions of the DISABKIDS questionnaires measures valid and reliable HrQoL both within and between countries when adjusted for DIF and LD. Adjusting the Likert scales to the same respond categories may improve comparability.
Journal Article
Violent crime and substance abuse: A medico-legal comparison between deceased users of anabolic androgenic steroids and abusers of illicit drugs
Several case reports and survey studies have indicated that abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) often leads to increased aggressiveness and feelings of hostility that may occasionally trigger violent behaviour. Other observations indicate that many users of AAS also abuse alcohol and/or various illegal substances. Since substance abuse is a well-known risk factor for violent behaviour, it could be that violence committed by AAS users might, at least in many cases, actually be caused by abuse of other drugs. In order to examine this possibility further here, the criminal histories (in terms of incidences of convictions) of deceased users of AAS with (AASpos-subst.pos) and without (AASpos-subst.neg) signs of abuse of other illegal substances were compared to the corresponding histories of deceased users of illicit substances testing negatively for AAS (subst.pos-AASneg) at the time of autopsy. The risk of being convicted for a crime against property was significantly higher in the subst.pos-AASneg group than in either the AASpos-subst.neg or AASpos-subst.pos groups (RR
=
0.048 versus 0.408). At the same time, the risk of being convicted for a crime of violence was at least as high for the two AAS-positive groups as for the AAS-negative group. Furthermore, when compared with the first 3 years after the first criminal conviction, a pronounced increase in the proportion of incidence of violent crimes and a marked reduction in the proportion of incidence of crime against property was observed during the 3-year period immediately preceding death only among the AASpos-subst.neg subjects. In conclusion, the incidence of violent crime among users of AAS without signs of other drug abuse was comparable to the corresponding incidences for drug addicts without AAS use. This observation suggests that the violent criminality observed among AAS users is not confounded in any systematic fashion by abuse of other drugs. The findings also indicate that use of AAS in certain predisposed individuals might cause a high rate of violent crimes, especially if the use of AAS is combined with the use of other illegal substances.
Journal Article