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\"When alien invaders take one of their own, the X-Men must travel to the Negative Zone to get them back! Will the mutants be able to escape the Negative Zone with the team in-tact?\"-- Amazon.com.

SummaryThe association between socioeconomic status (SES) and hip fracture (HF) incidence was analyzed in France in 2008. In men and women, a decrease in HF incidence was observed as the social deprivation index increased. This result may be partly due to the protective effect of increasing body weight against HF.IntroductionRegional variations in hip fracture (HF) incidence exist worldwide. Reasons for these variations remain unknown. As regional variations have also been observed for socioeconomic status, we analyzed the association between socioeconomic deprivation (SED) and HF incidence in France in 2008.MethodsFrom the French Hospital National Database, we selected all HF encoded as primary diagnosis in persons aged 30 years and over. The recently published French version of the European Deprivation Index (EDI) was used for SED analysis, and an EDI score was measured for the year 2007 in each French local municipality. The EDI score was categorized in quintiles. Poisson regression was performed to examine the association between HF incidence and EDI adjusted for age and sex. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was measured to calculate the proportion of excess cases of HF associated with social affluence.ResultsIn 2008, 83,538 HF were reported in France of which 59,143 were included in this study. Among them, 44,401 fractures occurred in women (75%) and 14,742 in men (25%). In both men and women, there was a decrease in the HF incidence with increasing SED index. In Poisson regression, the interaction of age class and sex was significant (p < 0.0001) and the EDI in quintiles was significantly associated with the incidence of HF (p < 0.0001). A higher number of people living in affluent residential areas corresponded to a higher risk of HF. The risk of HF is 2.42 times higher for those living in the most affluent group compared to those living in the most underprivileged group. The value of the PAF was calculated at 27.1%.ConclusionSocial disparities in HF incidence exist in France with the most deprived municipalities having the lowest incidence. Prior knowledge demonstrates the strong relationships between body weight and HF risk as well as between body weight and the SED. The link found in our study between EDI and HF incidence as well as regional and temporal variations in HF incidence may be partly due to the protective effect of increased body weight against HF.

Objectives To develop guidelines describing a standardised approach to patient preparation and acquisition protocols for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) of the small bowel and colon, with an emphasis on imaging inflammatory bowel disease. Methods An expert consensus committee of 13 members from the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) and European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) undertook a six-stage modified Delphi process, including a detailed literature review, to create a series of consensus statements concerning patient preparation, imaging hardware and image acquisition protocols. Results One hundred and fifty-seven statements were scored for agreement by the panel of which 129 statements (82 %) achieved immediate consensus with a further 19 (12 %) achieving consensus after appropriate modification. Nine (6 %) statements were rejected as consensus could not be reached. Conclusions These expert consensus recommendations can be used to help guide cross-sectional radiological practice for imaging the small bowel and colon. Key points • Cross - sectional imaging is increasingly used to evaluate the bowel • Image quality is paramount to achieving high diagnostic accuracy • Guidelines concerning patient preparation and image acquisition protocols are provided

Curcumin, a major active component of turmeric ( Curcuma longa , L.), has anticancer effects. In vitro studies suggest that curcumin inhibits cancer cell growth by activating apoptosis, but the mechanism underlying these effects is still unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanisms leading to apoptosis in curcumin-treated cells. Curcumin induced endoplasmic reticulum stress causing calcium release, with a destabilization of the mitochondrial compartment resulting in apoptosis. These events were also associated with lysosomal membrane permeabilization and of caspase-8 activation, mediated by cathepsins and calpains, leading to Bid cleavage. Truncated tBid disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and enhance apoptosis. We followed the induction of autophagy, marked by the formation of autophagosomes, by staining with acridine orange in cells exposed curcumin. At this concentration, only the early events of apoptosis (initial mitochondrial destabilization with any other manifestations) were detectable. Western blotting demonstrated the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II (light chain 3), a marker of active autophagosome formation. We also found that the production of reactive oxygen species and formation of autophagosomes following curcumin treatment was almost completely blocked by N -acetylcystein, the mitochondrial specific antioxidants MitoQ10 and SKQ1, the calcium chelators, EGTA-AM or BAPTA-AM, and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor, ruthenium red. Curcumin-induced autophagy failed to rescue all cells and most cells underwent type II cell death following the initial autophagic processes. All together, these data imply a fail-secure mechanism regulated by autophagy in the action of curcumin, suggesting a therapeutic potential for curcumin. Offering a novel and effective strategy for the treatment of malignant cells.

Background:Digital Health Technologies (DHTs) are increasingly expanding conventional rheumatology care, offering new modalities for patient engagement and treatment management. Understanding the factors influencing their adoption and usage among patients in rheumatology care is crucial for optimizing their implementation and effectiveness.Objectives:To investigate the determinants influencing the use of DHTs among patients receiving rheumatology care.Methods:A secondary analysis of data from a German cross-sectional survey [1] among patients in rheumatology care was undertaken. The determinants of DHT use were identified through Bayesian model averaging (BMA), after the exclusion of collinear covariates (variance inflation factor<2.5) and the inclusion of all variables associated with DHT use according to Bayesian univariate logistic regression analysis (region of practical equivalence ≤5%). All the analyses were stratified by sex and two age categories (<55 years and ≥ 55 years).Results:A total of 337 patients (219 females and 108 males) who were on average 52.5 years old (SD: 14.3) were included. Most patients (184/337, 55%) used DHTs. A total of 26 determinant factors were identified, with differences between genders and age categories (Figure 1). Thinking that DHT has no potential advantage, not using digital therapeutics (DiGA) for rheumatology care, strongly disagreeing that DHTs are useful in rheumatology care, not using DHT because of network coverage problems, and no need for DHT because satisfied with current analog solutions were negatively associated with DHT use. By contrast, using wearables for rheumatology care before the COVID−19 pandemic, the willingness to use video consultation in the future for rheumatology care, having an attitude towards digital healthcare that has become more positive since the COVID−19 pandemic, thinking that time−independent use is a potential DHT advantage, and using other mobile apps for rheumatology care before the COVID−19 pandemic were positively associated with DHT use.Figure 1.Profile of patients in rheumatology care who are using DHTs versus patients not using DHTs.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has served as a catalyst for the adoption of digital health technologies (DHT) among certain patients in rheumatology care. Concurrently, a segment of the patient population maintains a steadfast resistance to DHT, underscoring the necessity for the sustained availability of traditional, analog rheumatology services. This dual approach ensures that all patient preferences and needs are accommodated, promoting comprehensive and inclusive care in the field of rheumatology.REFERENCES:[1] May S, Darkow R, Knitza J, et al. Digital Transformation of Rheumatology Care in Germany - Results of a National Survey. JMIR Preprints. 09/09/2023:52601.Acknowledgements:Felix Muehlensiepen and Pascal Petit contributed equally.Disclosure of Interests:Felix Muehlensiepen Novartis, Novartis, Novartis, Abbvie, Pascal Petit: None declared, Johannes Knitza Abbvie, Novartis, Medac, Sanofi, Amgen, UCB, Abbvie, Novartis, Lilly, Medac, BMS, Sanofi, Amgen, Gilead, UCB, ABATON, GSK, Werfen, Vila Health, Böhringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Galapagos, Chugai, Abbvie, Novartis, Thermo Fisher, UCB, ABATON, Sanofi, DFG, EIT Health, Martin Welcker Abbvie, Actelion, Amgen, Biogen,BMS, Berlin Chemie, Celgene, Galapagos, Gilead, GSK, Hexal, Janssen, Medac, MSD, Mundipharma, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, SOBI, UCB, Abbvie, Actelion, Aescu, Amgen, Celgene, Hexal, Janssen, Medac, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, UCB, Novartis, Abbvie, Susann May: None declared, Nicolas Vuillerme: None declared.

PolarBase is an evolving database that contains all stellar data collected with the ESPaDOnS and NARVAL high-resolution spectropolarimeters, in their reduced form, as soon as they become public. As of early 2014, observations of 2000 stellar objects throughout the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram are available. Intensity spectra are available for all targets, and the majority of the observations also include simultaneous spectra in circular or linear polarization, with the majority of the polarimetric measurements being performed only in circularly polarized light (Stokes V). Observations are associated with a cross-correlation pseudoline profile in all available Stokes parameters, greatly increasing the detectability of weak polarized signatures. Stokes V signatures are detected for more than 300 stars of all masses and evolutionary stages, and linear polarization is detected in 35 targets. The detection rate in Stokes V is found to be anticorrelated with the stellar effective temperature. This unique set of Zeeman detections offers the first opportunity to run homogeneous magnetometry studies throughout the H-R diagram. The Web interface of PolarBase is available at http://polarbase.irap.omp.eu.

The radial velocities of a young star are measured, revealing the presence of a planet of mass about three-quarters that of Jupiter, orbiting its host star very closely, and thus demonstrating that ‘hot Jupiters’ can migrate inwards in less than two million years. An inwardly migrating hot Jupiter Jean-François Donati et al . present evidence for a close-in giant planet (hot Jupiter) orbiting the 2-million-year-old Sun-like star V830 Tau. It is thought that hot Jupiters form in the outer part of the primordial disk from which both the central star and surrounding planets are born, and then migrate inwards. This new finding supports that theory by demonstrating the formation and rapid inward migration of a hot Jupiter around a young star. Hot Jupiters are giant Jupiter-like exoplanets that orbit their host stars 100 times more closely than Jupiter orbits the Sun. These planets presumably form in the outer part of the primordial disk from which both the central star and surrounding planets are born, then migrate inwards and yet avoid falling into their host star 1 . It is, however, unclear whether this occurs early in the lives of hot Jupiters, when they are still embedded within protoplanetary disks 2 , or later, once multiple planets are formed and interact 3 . Although numerous hot Jupiters have been detected around mature Sun-like stars, their existence has not yet been firmly demonstrated for young stars 4 , 5 , 6 , whose magnetic activity is so intense that it overshadows the radial velocity signal that close-in giant planets can induce. Here we report that the radial velocities of the young star V830 Tau exhibit a sine wave of period 4.93 days and semi-amplitude 75 metres per second, detected with a false-alarm probability of less than 0.03 per cent, after filtering out the magnetic activity plaguing the spectra. We find that this signal is unrelated to the 2.741-day rotation period of V830 Tau and we attribute it to the presence of a planet of mass 0.77 times that of Jupiter, orbiting at a distance of 0.057 astronomical units from the host star. Our result demonstrates that hot Jupiters can migrate inwards in less than two million years, probably as a result of planet–disk interactions 2 .

BackgroundTelemedicine (TM) is an effective tool to supplement rheumatology care and address staff shortages [1]. A previous study revealed that patients’ willingness to try TM is closely connected to their perceived health status [2]. Yet, it is still unclear which factors are associated with patients’ motivation to use TM according to the perceived health status.ObjectivesThe study aimed to identify factors that determine patients’ willingness to try TM (TM-try) and their wish that their rheumatologists offer TM services (TM-wish) according to their perceived health status.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of data from a German nationwide cross-sectional survey among patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) [3]. Bayesian univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to the data in order to determine which factors were associated with TM-try and TM-wish, respectively. Predictor variables (covariates) studied individually included sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, sex) and health characteristics (e.g., health status). All the variables positively and negatively associated with TM-try and TM-wish in the univariate analyses were then considered for Bayesian model averaging analysis (BMA) after a selection based on the variance inflation factor (≤ 2.5) to identify determinants of TM-try and TM-wish, respectively.ResultsRegarding TM-try, a total of 26 (30.6%) and 45 (27.1%) variables/factors (answers to the 25 questions), out of 85, were found to be positively or negatively associated (ROPE% ≤ 5%) with a perceived okay and bad/very bad health statuses, respectively. Regarding TM-wish, a total of 14 (16.5%) variables/factors (answers to the 25 questions), out of 85, were found to be positively or negatively associated for both a perceived okay and bad/very bad health statuses, respectively. A total of 19 and 13 determinant factors (Figure 1) were identified for TM-try and TM-wish, respectively. Patients with a perceived bad/very bad health status that did not want to try TM were more frequently 60-69 years old, living 10-15 km from the GP’s office, being diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and had more often less TM knowledge than patients wanting to try TM. Patients with a perceived bad/very bad health status that did wish that TM services were offered by rheumatologist were more frequently older, not documenting their health status and more being diagnosed with osteoporosis than patients wishing that TM services were offered by RM.ConclusionOur results indicate that RMD knowledge, age, RMD type, health status documentation and access to technical equipment and infrastructure influence RMD patients’ motivation to use telehealth.References[1]Miloslavsky EM, Bolster MB. Addressing the rheumatology workforce shortage: A multifaceted approach. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2020 Aug;50(4):791-796. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.05.009.[2]Muehlensiepen F, Petit P, Knitza J, Welcker M, Vuillerme N. Factors associated with Telemedicine Factors associated with Telemedicine Usage among Rheumatic Patients: Secondary Analysis of Data from a German Nationwide Survey. J Med Internet Res. 2022 Nov 16. doi: 10.2196/40912 [Epub ahead of print][3]Muehlensiepen F, Knitza J, Marquardt W, May S, Krusche M, Hueber A, et al. Opportunities and Barriers of Telemedicine in Rheumatology: A Participatory, Mixed-Methods Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021;18(24):13127. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413127.Figure 1.Profile of RMD patients motivated to try TM vs. RMD patients not motivated to try TMAcknowledgementsFM & PP contributed equally and share the first authorship.The authors would like to thank the participants in the survey and all other supporters of TeleRheumaBB. We also owe special gratitude to KV Consult- und Managementgesellschaft mbH, which initiated the study in the first place.The present work is part of the PhD thesis of F.M. (AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France).Disclosure of InterestsFelix Muehlensiepen Speakers bureau: Novartis, Paid instructor for: Novartis, Consultant of: Novartis, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Novartis, Pascal Petit: None declared, Johannes Knitza Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Novartis, Medac, Sanofi, Amgen, UCB, Consultant of: Abbvie, Novartis, Lilly, Medac, BMS, Sanofi, Amgen, Gilead, UCB, ABATON, GSK, Werfen, Vila Health, Böhringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Galapagos, Chugai, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Novartis, Thermo Fisher, UCB, ABATON, Sanofi, DFG, EIT Health, Martin Welcker Shareholder of:/, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Actelion, Amgen, Biogen,BMS, Berlin Chemie, Celgene, Galapagos, Gilead, GSK, Hexal, Janssen, Medac, MSD, Mundipharma, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, SOBI, UCB, Consultant of: Abbvie, Actelion, Aescu, Amgen, Cel- gene, Hexal, Janssen, Medac, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, UCB, Grant/research support from: Novartis, Abbvie, Nicolas Vuillerme: None declared.

Telemedicine (TM) is an effective tool to supplement rheumatology care and address staff shortages [1]. A previous study revealed that patients' willingness to try TM is closely connected to their rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease (RMD) [2]. Yet, it is still unclear which factors are associated with patients' willingness to try TM among specific RMD groups, such as the most prevalent rheumatic arthritis (RA). To identify factors that determine the willingness to try TM (TM-try) among patients diagnosed with RA. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a German nationwide cross-sectional survey [3] among patients with RA. Bayesian univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to the data in order to determine which factors were associated with TM-try. Predictor variables (covariates) studied individually included sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, sex) and health characteristics (e.g., health status). All the variables positively and negatively associated with TM-try in the univariate analyses were then considered for Bayesian model averaging analysis (BMA) after a selection based on the variance inflation factor (≤ 2.5) to identify determinants of TM-try. A total of 22 variables/factors (22/55, 40%) were found to be positively or negatively associated (ROPE% ≤ 5%) with TM-try among 146 RA patients. A total of 9 determinant factors were identified using BMA (Figure 1). Wishing that TM services were offered by a rheumatologist, having prior TM knowledge, living in a town and considering one's health status as okay were positively associated with TM-try. By contrast, not owning an electronic device, not having internet access at home, considering to have a bad health status and being more than 60 years old were negatively associated with TM-try. Our results suggest that health status, TM knowledge, age, and access to technical equipment and infrastructure influence RA patients' motivation to use telehealth in Germany. Consequently, training programs and targeted support measures in terms of equipment and infrastructure could help ensure that all patients have equal access to telehealth. [1] Miloslavsky EM, Bolster MB. Addressing the rheumatology workforce shortage: A multifaceted approach. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2020 Aug;50(4):791-796. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.05.009. [2] Muehlensiepen F, Petit P, Knitza J, Welcker M, Vuillerme N. Factors associated with Telemedicine Factors associated with Telemedicine Usage among Rheumatic Patients: Secondary Analysis of Data from a German Nationwide Survey. J Med Internet Res. 2022 Nov 16. doi: 10.2196/40912 [Epub ahead of print] [3] Muehlensiepen F, Knitza J, Marquardt W, May S, Krusche M, Hueber A, et al. Opportunities and Barriers of Telemedicine in Rheumatology: A Participatory, Mixed-Methods Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021;18(24):13127. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413127. FM & PP contributed equally and share the first authorship. The authors would like to thank the participants in the survey and all other supporters of TeleRheumaBB. We also owe special gratitude to KV Consult- und Managementgesellschaft mbH, which initiated the study in the first place. The present work is part of the PhD thesis of F.M. (AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France). Felix Muehlensiepen Speakers bureau: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Paid instructor for: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Consultant of: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Grant/research support from: AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Pascal Petit: None declared, Johannes Knitza Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Novartis, Medac, Sanofi, Amgen, UCB, Consultant of: Abbvie, Novartis, Lilly, Medac, BMS, Sanofi, Amgen, Gilead, UCB, ABATON, GSK, Werfen, Vila Health, Böhringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Galapagos, Chugai, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Novartis, Thermo Fisher, UCB, ABATON, Sanofi, DFG, EIT Health, Martin Welcker Shareholder of:/, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Actelion, Amgen, Biogen,BMS, Berlin Chemie, Celgene, Galapagos, Gilead, GSK, Hexal, Janssen, Medac, MSD, Mundipharma, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, SOBI, UCB, Consultant of: Abbvie, Actelion, Aescu, Amgen, Cel- gene, Hexal, Janssen, Medac, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, UCB, Grant/research support from: Novartis, Abbvie, Nicolas Vuillerme: None declared. [Display omitted]