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"Petley, Julian"
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Film and Video Censorship in Modern Britain
How does film and video censorship operate in Britain? Why does it exist? And is too strict? Starting in 1979, the birth of the domestic video industry - and the first year of the Thatcher government - this critical study explains how the censorship of films both in cinemas and on video and DVD has developed in Britain. As well as presenting a detailed analysis of the workings of the British Board of Film Classification, Petley casts his gaze well beyond the BBFC to analyse the forces which the Board has to take into account when classifying and censoring. These range from laws such as the Video Recordings Act and Obscene Publications Act, and how these are enforced by the police and Crown Prosecution Service and interpreted by the courts, to government policy on matters such as pornography. In discussing a climate heavily coloured by 30 years of lurid 'video nasty' stories propagated by a press which is at once censorious and sensationalist and which has played a key role in bringing about and legitimating one of the strictest systems of film and video/DVD censorship in Europe, this book is notable for the breadth of its contextual analysis, its critical stance and its suggestions for reform of the present system. Key features include:
* Detailed case studies of individual instances of censorship, including Last House on the Left, sex videos in the R18 category, and press-inspired campaigns against films such as Child's Play 3 and Crash.
* Interviews with central figures
* The author's own contemporaneous reports on key moments in the censorship process.
eBook
Film and video censorship in comtemporary Britain
How does film and video censorship operate in Britain? Why does it exist? And is too strict? Starting in 1979, the birth of the domestic video industry - and the first year of the Thatcher government - this critical study explains how the censorship of films both in cinemas and on video and DVD has developed in Britain.
eBook
What rights? Whose responsibilities?
This article examines calls by both New Labour and the Tories for a Bill of Rights and Responsibilities. It argues that both parties misunderstand the relationship between rights and responsibilities, and endorses the call by the Joint Committee on Human Rights for a Bill of Rights
and Freedoms to supplement the Human Rights Act 1998, which would include justiciable social and economic rights.
Journal Article
Jürgen Habermas
This chapter summarizes Jurgen Habermas's ideas on the role of the media in helping to bring into existence and then contributing to the 'refeudalization' of the public sphere as these are expressed in The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, and to a far lesser extent in his contribution to Craig Calhoun. According to Habermas the lifespan of the public sphere extended from the seventeenth century through to the first half of the nineteenth century in Britain, France and Germany. The development of early modern capitalism provided the conditions for the creation of liberal democracy. By the 'refeudalization' of the public sphere, Habermas means to indicate the process whereby, in the second half of the nineteenth century, private institutions began increasingly to assume public power and to intervene in the political process. According to Habermas, 'the sphere of civil society has been rediscovered today in wholly new historical constellations'.
Book Chapter
Appendix: The DPP List of 'Video Nasties'
In the early 1980s the Director of Public Prosecutions issued a series of lists of videos that had either been found to be in breach of the Obscene Publications Act, or that his office believed would be likely to be found guilty under the Act if brought before a court. The contents of the lists varied over time, but below is listed every video that appeared on the list at one time or another. I have also indicated which films had previously passed through the BBFC classification/censorship process in their cinema incarnations. For further details of these films, see Wingrove and Morris (2009).
Absurd (uncut version), '18' with cuts on film
Anthropophagous the Beast
Axe/California Axe Massacre, 'X' with cuts on film
The Beast in Heat
The Beyond, 'X' with cuts on film
Blood Bath, 'X' with cuts on film
Blood Feast
Blood Rites
Bloody Moon
The Bogey Man, 'X' with cuts on film
The Burning (uncut version)
Cannibal Apocalypse
Cannibal Ferox (uncut version)
Cannibal Holocaust
Cannibal Man
Cannibal Terror, 'X' with cuts on film
Contamination, 'X' with cuts on film
Dead and Buried, 'X' with cuts on film
Death Trap, 'X' with cuts on film
Deep River Savages, rejected on film
Delirium
Devil Hunter
Don't Go in the House, 'X' with cuts on film
Don't Go in the Woods Alone
Don't Go Near the Park
Book Chapter
The Mythologised Accretions of Press Freedom
The Sun newspaper of 13 February 2012 gave former political editor Trevor Kavanagh the best part of a page to protest: 'this witch-hunt has put us behind ex-Soviet states on press freedom'. The 'witch hunt' in question was the arrest of five Sun journalists accused of bribing public officials, and the former eastern bloc countries were Poland, Estonia and Slovakia, which, according to the World Press Freedom Index 2011-2012, compiled by Reporters Without Borders (RSF), all had better records on press freedom than the United Kingdom, which had dropped nine places to number twenty-eight since the last such survey.
Book Chapter