Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
145
result(s) for
"Petocz, Peter"
Sort by:
A panorama of statistics : perspectives, puzzles and paradoxes in statistics
This is a stimulating panoramic tour quite different from a textbook journey of the world of statistics in both its theory and practice, for teachers, students and practitioners. At each stop on the tour, the authors investigate unusual and quirky aspects of statistics, highlighting historical, biographical and philosophical dimensions of this field of knowledge. Each chapter opens with perspectives on its theme, often from several points of view. Five original and thought-provoking questions follow. Scattered among the questions are entertaining puzzles to solve and tantalising paradoxes to explain. Readers can compare their own statistical discoveries with the authors detailed answers to all the questions.
Book
Impact of Breakfast Skipping and Breakfast Choice on the Nutrient Intake and Body Mass Index of Australian Children
Recent data on breakfast consumption among Australian children are limited. This study examined the impact of breakfast skipping and breakfast type (cereal or non-cereal) on nutrient intakes, likelihood of meeting nutrient targets and anthropometric measures. A secondary analysis of two 24-h recall data from the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey was conducted (2–16 years; n = 4487) to identify (a) breakfast skippers and (b) breakfast consumers, with breakfast consumers further sub-divided into (i) non-cereal and (ii) cereal consumers. Only 4% skipped breakfast and 59% of skippers were 14–16 years. Breakfast consumers had significantly higher intakes of calcium and folate, and significantly lower intakes of total fat than breakfast skippers. Cereal consumers were more likely to meet targets and consume significantly higher fibre, calcium, iron, had significantly higher intakes of folate, total sugars and carbohydrate, and significantly lower intakes of total fat and sodium than non-cereal consumers. The prevalence of overweight was lower among breakfast consumers compared to skippers, and among cereal consumers compared to-cereal consumers (p < 0.001), while no significant differences were observed for mean body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, waist circumference and physical activity level across the categories. Breakfast and particularly breakfast cereal consumption contributes important nutrients to children’s diets.
Journal Article
Becoming a mathematician : an international perspective
Based on interviews, observations and surveys conducted in Australia, South Africa, Northern Ireland, Canada and Brunei, this book investigates the experiences and views of students and graduates in the process of seeking their identities as mathematicians.
Book
Low–Glycemic Index Diets in the Management of Diabetes
Low–Glycemic Index Diets in the Management of Diabetes
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Jennie Brand-Miller , PHD 1 ,
Susan Hayne , BSC 2 ,
Peter Petocz , PHD 2 and
Stephen Colagiuri , MD 3
1 Human Nutrition Unit, School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
2 Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
3 Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Professor J. Brand-Miller, Human Nutrition Unit, School of Molecular and Microbial
Biosciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia. E-mail: j.brandmiller{at}mmb.usyd.edu.au
Abstract
OBJECTIVE —The use of diets with low glycemic index (GI) in the management of diabetes is controversial, with contrasting recommendations
around the world. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine whether low-GI diets, compared
with conventional or high-GI diets, improved overall glycemic control in individuals with diabetes, as assessed by reduced
HbA 1c or fructosamine levels.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —Literature searches identified 14 studies, comprising 356 subjects, that met strict inclusion criteria. All were randomized
crossover or parallel experimental design of 12 days’ to 12 months’ duration (mean 10 weeks) with modification of at least
two meals per day. Only 10 studies documented differences in postprandial glycemia on the two types of diet.
RESULTS —Low-GI diets reduced HbA 1c by 0.43% points (CI 0.72–0.13) over and above that produced by high-GI diets. Taking both HbA 1c and fructosamine data together and adjusting for baseline differences, glycated proteins were reduced 7.4% (8.8–6.0) more
on the low-GI diet than on the high-GI diet. This result was stable and changed little if the data were unadjusted for baseline
levels or excluded studies of short duration. Systematically taking out each study from the meta-analysis did not change the
CIs.
CONCLUSIONS —Choosing low-GI foods in place of conventional or high-GI foods has a small but clinically useful effect on medium-term glycemic
control in patients with diabetes. The incremental benefit is similar to that offered by pharmacological agents that also
target postprandial hyperglycemia.
GI, glycemic index
UKPDS, U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study
Footnotes
A table elsewhere in this issue shows conventional and Système International (SI) units and conversion factors for many substances.
See accompanying editorial, p. 2466.
Accepted March 19, 2002.
Received December 9, 2002.
DIABETES CARE
Journal Article
Quantifiable effects of regular exercise on zinc status in a healthy population—A systematic review
Zinc is an essential mineral of which its functions have potential implications on exercise performance and beneficial adaptations of physical activity. While the effects of aerobic exercise on zinc metabolism acutely have been well described, the effect of long-term exercise training on zinc status remains unclear. The present review aims to determine the effects of exercise training on markers of zinc status in an apparently healthy adult population. We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library from inception to 28 January 2016 to identify interventional or cohort studies that investigated the effects of exercise training on indices of zinc status. Pairwise comparisons of mean differences in within-group change were calculated and summarised visually in forest plots. Six studies satisfied the inclusion criteria for the systematic review, of which 5 studies included data on changes in serum zinc concentrations and 3 studies provided changes in dietary zinc intake. Two comparisons showed significantly higher increase of serum zinc concentrations in the exercise group compared to control, while one comparison reported significantly lower change in serum zinc for the exercising group. The exercise groups consumed significantly higher dietary zinc compared to controls in two comparisons. The present review revealed an incomplete evidence base in evaluating the effect of long-term exercise training on markers of zinc status. Further well-designed investigations are required to elucidate the relationship for establishment of dietary recommendation in populations who are continuing exercise interventions.
Journal Article
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of healthy Chinese term infants fed infant formula enriched in bovine milk fat globule membrane for 12 months - a randomized controlled trial
Background and Objectives: Human milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has multifunctional health benefits. We evaluated neurodevelopment and growth of healthy term infants fed bovine milk-derived MFGM-enriched formula (MF) over 12 months. Methods and Study Design: A prospective, multi-center, double-blind, randomized trial was conducted in Fuzhou, China. Healthy term infants (n=212), aged <14 days, were assigned randomly to be fed MF or a standard formula (SF) for 6 months and then switched to stage 2 MF and SF formula until 12 months. A reference group (n=206) contained healthy breastfed infants (BFR). Neurodevelopment was assessed with Bayley-III Scales. Results: At 12 months, the composite social emotional (+3.5) and general adaptive behaviour (+5.62) scores were significantly higher in MF than SF (95% CIs 0.03 to 6.79 and 1.78 to 9.38; p=0.048 and 0.004, respectively). Mean cognitive (+2.86, 95% CIs -1.10 to 6.80, p=0.08), language (+0.39, 95% CIs -2.53 to 3.30, p=0.87) and motor (+0.90, 95% CIs -2.32 to 4.13, p=0.49) scores tended to be higher in MF than SF, but the differences between the two groups were not significant. BFR scored higher on Bayley-III than either MF or SF at 6 and 12 months. Cognitive scores were significantly higher in BFR than SF (95% CI 0.05 to 7.20; p=0.045), but not MF (p=0.74) at 6 months. Short-term memory was significantly higher in MF than SF at 12 months (95% CI 1.40 to 12.33; p=0.002). At 4 months, serum gangliosides were significantly higher in MF and BFR than SF (95% CI 0.64 to 13.02; p=0.025). Milk intake, linear growth, body mass and head circumference were not significantly different between formula-fed groups. Conclusions: MFGM supplementation in early life supports adequate growth, increased serum gangliosides concentration and improves some measures of cognitive development in Chinese infants.
Journal Article
University lecturers' understanding of sustainability
This paper describes the results of a research project that investigated the ways that academics understand sustainability within their own disciplines. It describes a range of ways in which academics view sustainability in the context of their teaching, and a range of ways they suggest that sustainability could be integrated into their teaching. Its genesis was an industry/university forum held at Macquarie University (Australia) that identified the need to integrate ideas of sustainable development within university curricula in all disciplines to prepare students for their professional roles. At a global level, participants in the 2002 Johannesburg Earth Summit emphatically endorsed the proposal that sustainable development needs to be an integral component of all levels of education. Environmental bodies have often focused their attention on development of materials to support sustainable development within specific environmentally focused disciplines. In contrast, the present project acknowledges that issues of sustainability need to span the whole range of subjects and extend to the development of appropriate curriculum. Real change in thinking about sustainability requires creative pedagogy which acknowledges the different ways that people think about sustainability and provides spaces in which their ideas can be developed. (HRK / Abstract übernommen).
Journal Article
Balanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in Australia: A nationally representative cross-sectional study
Carbohydrate quality influences major health outcomes; however, the best criteria to assess carbohydrate quality remain unknown. The objectives were to: i) evaluate whether a diet that meets a carbohydrate ratio (simple, modified or dual ratio) is associated with higher nutrient intakes and diet quality, and ii) model the impact of substituting carbohydrate foods that meet the proposed ratios in place of foods that do not, on nutrient intakes. A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2011-12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. National data from participants aged 2 years and older (n = 12,153). Ratios were defined as (i) simple ratio, 10:1 (10g carbohydrate:[greater than or equal to]1g dietary fiber); (ii) modified ratio, 10:1:2 (10g carbohydrate:[greater than or equal to]1g dietary fiber:[less than or equal to]2g free sugars); and (iii) dual ratio, 10:1 & 1:2 (10g carbohydrate:[greater than or equal to]1g dietary fiber & [less than or equal to]2g free sugars per 1g dietary fiber). Ratios were compared to nutrient intakes obtained via automated multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall and diet quality calculated using the Australian Healthy Eating Index. Ratio adherence was highest for simple (50.2% adults; 28.6% children), followed by dual (40.6% adults; 21.7% children), then modified (32.7% adults; 18.6% children) ratios. Participants who met any ratio reported higher nutrient intake and diet quality compared to those who failed to meet the respective ratio (P < .001 for all), with the greatest nutrient intakes found for those who met modified or dual ratios. Dietary modelling improved nutrient intakes for all ratios, with the greatest improvement found for the dual ratio. All carbohydrate ratios were associated with higher diet quality, with a free sugars constraint in the dual ratio providing the greatest improvements.
Journal Article
Safety and tolerance assessment of milk fat globule membrane-enriched infant formulas in healthy term Chinese infants: a randomised multicenter controlled trial
Background
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), natural to breast milk, is essential for neonatal development, but lacking from standard infant formulas.
Objectives
To evaluate the safety and tolerability of MFGM supplementation in formula for infants 0 to 12 months.
Methods
In a prospective, multicentre, double-blind, randomized trial, healthy term infants were randomized to a standard formula (SF,
n
= 104) or an MFGM-enriched formula (MF,
n
= 108) for 6 months and a corresponding follow-on formula until 12 months. Exclusively breast-fed infants (
n
= 206) were recruited as the reference group (BFR). Tolerance and safety events were recorded continuously. Anthropometric measurements were assessed at enrolment, 42 days and 4, 6, 8 and 12 months.
Results
Infants (
n
= 375) completed the study with average dropout of < 20%. Stool frequency, color, and consistency between SF and MF were not significantly different throughout, except the incidence of loose stools in MF at 6 months being lower than for SF (odds ratio 0.216,
P
< 0.05) and the frequency of green-colored stools at 12 months being higher in MF (CI 95%, odds ratio 8.92,
P
< 0.05). The BFR had a higher frequency of golden stools and lower rate of green stools (4–6 months) than the two formula-fed groups (
P
< 0.05). SF displayed more diarrhoea (4.8%) than MF (1%) and BFR (1%) at the 8-month visit (
P
< 0.05). BFR (0–1%) had significantly less (
P
< 0.05) lower respiratory infections than MF (4.6–6.5%) and SF (2.9–5.8%) at 6- and 8-months, respectively. Formula intake, frequency of spit-up/vomiting or poor sleep were similar between SF and MF. Growth rate (g/day) was similar at 4, 6, 8 and 12 months between the 3 groups, but growth rate for BFR was significantly higher than for SF and MF at 42 days (95% CI,
P
= 0.001).
Conclusions
MFGM-enriched formula was safe and well-tolerated in healthy term infants between 0 and 12 months, and total incidences of adverse events were similar to that for the SF group. A few differences in formula tolerance were observed, however these differences were not in any way related to poor growth.
Journal Article
Weekday snacking prevalence, frequency, and energy contribution have increased while foods consumed during snacking have shifted among Australian children and adolescents: 1995, 2007 and 2011–12 National Nutrition Surveys
Background
There are limited data on the evolution of eating habits, including snacking, in Australia. This study aimed to understand snacking trends among Australian children over three previous National Nutrition Surveys.
Methods
Data were analysed from a single weekday 24-h recall in the National Nutrition Surveys 1995, 2007, 2011–12 among children 2-16y (
n
= 8258). A snacking occasion was defined as an eating occasion that occurred between meals based on time of day.
Results
The percentage of children snacking increased over time (92.5 ± 0.5(SE) % in 1995, 98.1 ± 0.3% in 2007, and 95.8 ± 0.4% in 2011–12) (
P
< 0.001), particularly among those having four or more snacking occasions (7.1 ± 0.5% in 1995, 17.9 ± 0.6% in 2007, and 18.5 ± 0.8% in 2011–2) (
P
< 0.001). The mean number of snacking occasions increased from 2.0 ± 0.0 in 1995, to 2.5 ± 0.0 in 2007 and 2011–12 (
P
< 0.001). The energy contribution from snacking increased from 24.1 ± 0.3% in 1995 to 27.7 ± 0.3% in 2007 and 30.5 ± 0.4% in 2011–12 (
P
< 0.001), while the energy from discretionary food during snacking decreased from 56.5 ± 0.7% in 1995 to 47.3 ± 0.5% in 2007 and 47.9 ± 0.7% in 2011–12 (
P
< 0.001). There were differences in the top foods consumed during snacking: non-alcoholic beverages were prominent contributors in 1995 but not in 2007 or 2011, and pome fruit was the second top energy contributor during snacking in 2007 and 2011 but only fourth in 1995.
Conclusions
Snacking is a prominent dietary pattern that has increased over time in frequency and energy contribution. Foods and beverages consumed during snacking occasions include a mix of core foods and discretionary foods, and while the contribution of discretionary foods has decreased, there is still an opportunity to encourage consumption of more nutrient dense foods during snacking.
Journal Article